31. Sūrat Luqmān

٣١۔ سُورَةُ لقمَان

Qurʾān > Chapter 31
القرآن > كتاب ٣١

Luqman (Meccan)

quran:31:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

Alif, Lam, Meem.  

Alif lām mīm: God knows best what He means by these ˹letters˺.
القرآن:٣١:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

الم  

{الم} الله أعلم بمراده به.
quran:31:2 –

These are verses of the wise Book,  

Those, namely, these signs, are the signs of the wise Book, the Qur’ān, the one containing wisdom (the genitive annexation ˹āyātu’l-kitābi’l-hakīm˺ has the ˹partitive˺ meaning of min, ‘from’);
القرآن:٣١:٢ –

تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ الْحَكِيمِ  

{تلك} أي هذه الآيات {آيات الكتاب} القرآن {الحكيم} ذي الحكمة والإضافة بمعنى من.
quran:31:3 –

As guidance and mercy for the doers of good  

it is, a guidance and a mercy (read nominative rahmatun; the popular accusative reading ˹rahmatan˺ would make it a circumstantial qualifier referring to āyāt, ‘signs’, the operator of which being the implicit demonstrative import of tilka, ‘those’) for the virtuous,
القرآن:٣١:٣ –

هُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لِلْمُحْسِنِينَ  

هو (هدى ورحمة) بالرفع (للمحسنين) وفي قراءة العامة بالنصب حالاً من الآيات العامل فيها ما في "تلك" من معنى الإشارة.
quran:31:4 –

Who establish prayer and give zakah, and they, of the Hereafter, are certain ˹in faith˺.  

who maintain the prayer (alladhīna yuqīmūna’l-salāta, an explication of al-muhsinīna, ‘the virtuous’) and pay the alms and who are certain of the Hereafter (the repetition of hum, ‘they’ ˹here translated ‘who’˺ is for emphasis).
القرآن:٣١:٤ –

الَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَهُمْ بِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ  

{الذين يقيمون الصلاة} بيان للمحسنين {ويؤتون الزكاة وهم بالآخرة هم يوقنون} هم الثاني تأكيد.
quran:31:5 –

Those are on ˹right˺ guidance from their Lord, and it is those who are the successful.  

Such follow guidance from their Lord and it is they who are the successful, the winners.
القرآن:٣١:٥ –

أُولَٰئِكَ عَلَىٰ هُدًى مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ  

{أولئك على هدى من ربهم وأولئك هم المفلحون} الفائزون.
quran:31:6 –

And of the people is he who buys the amusement of speech to mislead ˹others˺ from the way of Allah without knowledge and who takes it in ridicule. Those will have a humiliating punishment.  

And among people there is he who purchases idle talk, in other words, that ˹part of it˺ which diverts ˹people˺ from its ˹true˺ significance, that he may lead ˹people˺ astray (read li-yadilla; or li-yudilla) from the way of God, the religion of Islam, without knowledge and take it (read ˹subjunctive˺ wa-yattakhidhahā as a supplement to yudilla, ‘that he may lead astray’; or ˹indicative˺ wa-yattakhidhuhā as a supplement to yashtarī, ‘who buys’) in mockery, as something to be mocked. For such there will be a humiliating chastisement, one of abasement.
القرآن:٣١:٦ –

وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُوًا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ  

{ومن الناس من يشتري لهو الحديث} أي ما يلهي منه عما يعني {ليضلَّ} بفتح الياء وضمها {عن سبيل الله} طريق الإسلام {بغير علمٍ ويتخذها} بالنصب عطفاً على يضل، وبالرفع عطفاً على يشتري {هزؤاً} مهزوءاً بها {أولئك لهم عذاب مهين} ذو إهانة.
quran:31:7 –

And when our verses are recited to him, he turns away arrogantly as if he had not heard them, as if there was in his ears deafness. So give him tidings of a painful punishment.  

And when Our signs, in other words, ˹in˺ the Qur’ān, are recited to such ˹a one˺ he turns away disdainfully as though he never heard them, as though there were a deafness in his ears (both comparisons constitute two circumstantial qualifiers referring to the subject of ˹the verb˺ wallā, ‘turns away’; or it is that the second ˹comparison˺ is an explication of the first). So give him tidings of, inform him of, a painful chastisement. The use of ˹the expression˺ ‘good tidings’ meant derisively against such ˹a person˺ — this was al-Nadr b. alHārith. He used to visit al-Hīra for commerce and purchase books containing the stories of the non-Arab peoples and then recount these to the people of Mecca. He would say, ‘Muhammad recounts to you the stories of ‘Ād and Thamūd, whereas I relate to you the stories of the Persians and the Byzantines!’ They would thus ˹go to˺ enjoy his stories and neglect to listen to the Qur’ān.
القرآن:٣١:٧ –

وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا وَلَّىٰ مُسْتَكْبِرًا كَأَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ وَقْرًا ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ  

{وإذا تتلى عليه آياتنا} أي القرآن {ولَّى مستكبرا} متكبرا {كأن لم يسمعها كأن في أذنيه وقرا} صمما وجملتا التشبيه حالان من ضمير ولَّى أو الثانية بيان للأولى {فبشِّره} أعلمه {بعذاب أليم} مؤلم وذكر البشارة تهكم به وهو النضر بن الحارث، كان يأتي الحيرة يتجر فيشتري كتب أخبار الأعاجم ويحدث بها أهل مكة ويقول: إن محمدا يحدثكم أحاديث عاد وثمود، وأنا أحدثكم أحاديث فارس والروم فيستملحون حديثه ويتركون استماع القرآن.
quran:31:8 –

Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds - for them are the Gardens of Pleasure.  

Surely those who believe and perform righteous deeds, for them there shall be Gardens of Bliss,
القرآن:٣١:٨ –

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ النَّعِيمِ  

{إن الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات لهم جنات النعيم}.
quran:31:9 –

Wherein they abide eternally; ˹it is˺ the promise of Allah ˹which is˺ truth. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.  

abiding therein (khālidīna fīhā, is a circumstantial qualification ˹of a future status˺), in other words, their abiding therein will have been ordained once they enter it — a promise of God in truth, that is to say, God promised them this and realised it in truth; and He is the Mighty, Whom nothing can overwhelm and so prevent Him from fulfilling His promise and His threat ˹of chastisement˺, the Wise, the One Who assigns all things to their rightful places.
القرآن:٣١:٩ –

خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۖ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقًّا ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ  

{خالدين فيها} حال مقدرة أي: مقدرا خلودهم فيها إذا دخلوها {وعد الله حقا} أي وعدهم الله ذلك وحقه حقا {وهو العزيز} الذي لا يغلبه شيء فيمنعه من إنجاز وعده ووعيده {الحكيم} الذي لا يضع شيئا إلا في محله.
quran:31:10 –

He created the heavens without pillars that you see and has cast into the earth firmly set mountains, lest it should shift with you, and dispersed therein from every creature. And We sent down rain from the sky and made grow therein ˹plants˺ of every noble kind.  

He created the heavens without any pillars that you can see (‘amad is the plural of ‘imād, which is an ustuwāna, ‘a column’) — this is the truth since there are no actual pillars — and cast high mountains into the earth, lest it shake with you, and He dispersed therein all kinds beasts. And We sent down (there is a shift from the third ˹to the second˺ person) water from the heaven and We caused to grow in it of every splendid kind, ˹every˺ fair specimen.
القرآن:٣١:١٠ –

خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوْنَهَا ۖ وَأَلْقَىٰ فِي الْأَرْضِ رَوَاسِيَ أَنْ تَمِيدَ بِكُمْ وَبَثَّ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ دَابَّةٍ ۚ وَأَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَنْبَتْنَا فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ كَرِيمٍ  

{خلق السماوات بغير عمَدٍ ترونها} أي العمد جمع عماد وهو الاسطوانة، وهو صادق بأن لا عمد أصلا {وألقى في الأرض رواسي} جبالا مرتفعة لـ {أن} لا {تميد} تتحرك {بكم وبثَّ فيها من كل دابة وأنزلنا} فيه التفات عن الغيبة {من السماء ماءً فأنبتنا فيها من كل زوجٍ كريمٍ} صنف حسن.
quran:31:11 –

This is the creation of Allah. So show Me what those other than Him have created. Rather, the wrongdoers are in clear error.  

This is God’s creation, in other words, what is created by Him. Now show me, inform me, O people of Mecca, what those ˹you worship˺ besides Him, ˹those˺ other than Him, have created, namely, your gods, so that you have associated them with Him, exalted be He (mā is an interrogative of denial and a subject; dhā has the significance of alladhī, and what follows it of the relative clause is the predicate ˹of the subject mā˺; arūnī glosses ‘the action’, and what follows it stands in place of two direct objects). Nay (bal, is for transition) but the evildoers are in manifest error, ˹error˺ that is evident because of their ascribing partners to God: and you are like them.
القرآن:٣١:١١ –

هَٰذَا خَلْقُ اللَّهِ فَأَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ دُونِهِ ۚ بَلِ الظَّالِمُونَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ  

{هذا خلق الله} أي مخلوقه {فأروني} أخبروني يا أهل مكة {ماذا خلق الذين من دونه} غيره أي آلهتكم حتى أشركتموها به تعالى، وما استفهام إنكار مبتدأ وذا بمعنى الذي بصلته خبره وأروني معلق عن العمل وما بعده سد مسد المفعولين {بل} للانتقال {الظالمون في ضلالٍ مبينٍ} بيّن بإشراكهم وأنتم منهم.
quran:31:12 –

And We had certainly given Luqman wisdom ˹and said˺, "Be grateful to Allah." And whoever is grateful is grateful for ˹the benefit of˺ himself. And whoever denies ˹His favor˺ - then indeed, Allah is Free of need and Praiseworthy.  

And verily We gave Luqmān wisdom, comprising knowledge, religiousness, and right-mindedness in speech; his many wisdoms are well-known. He used to give legal opinions ˹in matters of religion˺ before David was summoned ˹to prophethood˺, but lived on into the latter’s summoning. He then took to acquiring knowledge from him ˹David˺ and refrained from giving ˹any more˺ legal opinions, explaining this thus: ‘Should I not be content if someone ˹like the prophet David˺ has spared me the trouble?’ He was once asked, ‘What is the worst kind of person?’ He said, ‘The one who does not care that people should see him doing evil’. In other words, ˹We gave him wisdom˺ and We said to him: ‘Give thanks to God, for the wisdom that He has given you. Whoever gives thanks only for his own sake, because the reward for his gratitude shall be his, and whoever is ungrateful, for a grace, then surely God is Independent, ˹without need˺ of His creation, Praised’, in what He does.
القرآن:٣١:١٢ –

وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا لُقْمَانَ الْحِكْمَةَ أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِلَّهِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَشْكُرْ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ  

{ولقد آتينا لقمان الحكمة} منها العلم والديانة والإصابة في القول، وحكمه كثيرة مأثورة، كان يفتي قبل بعثة داود وأدرك بعثته وأخذ عنه العلم وترك الفتيا وقال في ذلك: ألا أكتفي إذا كفيت، وقيل له أي الناس شر؟ قال: الذي لا يبالي إن رآه الناس مسيئاً {أن} أي وقلنا له أن {أشكر لله} على ما أعطاك من الحكمة {ومن يشكر فإنما يشكر لنفسه} لأن ثواب شكره له {ومن كفر} النعمة {فإن الله غني} عن خلقه {حميد} محمود في صنعه.
quran:31:13 –

And ˹mention, O Muhammad˺, when Luqman said to his son while he was instructing him, "O my son, do not associate ˹anything˺ with Allah. Indeed, association ˹with him˺ is great injustice."  

And, mention, when Luqmān said to his son, when he was admonishing him, ‘O my son (yā bunayya is an affectionate diminutive ˹of yā ibnī˺) do not ascribe partners to God: idolatry is truly a tremendous wrong’, so return to him ˹in repentance˺ and submit ˹to Him˺.
القرآن:٣١:١٣ –

وَإِذْ قَالَ لُقْمَانُ لِابْنِهِ وَهُوَ يَعِظُهُ يَا بُنَيَّ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ  

{و} اذكر {إذ قال لقمان لابنه وهو يعظه يا بنيّ} تصغير إشفاق {لا تشرك بالله إن الشرك} بالله {لظلم عظيم} فرجع إليه وأسلم.
quran:31:14 –

And We have enjoined upon man ˹care˺ for his parents. His mother carried him, ˹increasing her˺ in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning is in two years. Be grateful to Me and to your parents; to Me is the ˹final˺ destination.  

And We have enjoined man concerning his parents, We commanded him to be dutiful towards them — his mother bears him, and weakens, in weakness after weakness, that is to say, she is weakened by the pregnancy, the pains of labour and the delivery; and his weaning is in two years, and We said to him ˹to man˺: ‘Give thanks to Me and to your parents. To Me is the journey’s end, the return.
القرآن:٣١:١٤ –

وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْنًا عَلَىٰ وَهْنٍ وَفِصَالُهُ فِي عَامَيْنِ أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيْكَ إِلَيَّ الْمَصِيرُ  

{ووصينا الإنسان بوالديه} أمرناه أن يبرهما {حملته أمُه} فْوهنت {وهنا على وهنٍ} أي ضعفت للحمل وضعفت للطلق وضعفت للولادة {وفصاله} أي فطامه {في عامين} وقلنا له {أنِ اشكر لي ولوالديك إلىَّ المصير} أي المرجع.
quran:31:15 –

But if they endeavor to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them but accompany them in ˹this˺ world with appropriate kindness and follow the way of those who turn back to Me ˹in repentance˺. Then to Me will be your return, and I will inform you about what you used to do.  

But if they urge you to ascribe to Me as partner that whereof you have no knowledge, that accords with ˹any˺ reality, then do not obey them. And keep them company in this world honourably, in other words, with decency: dutifulness and kindness — and follow the way of him who returns to Me ˹in penitence˺, with ˹acts of˺ obedience. Then to Me will be your return, and I will inform you of what you used to do, and requite you for it (the ˹entire˺ sentence containing the ‘enjoinder’ ˹verse 14˺ and what comes after it constitutes a parenthetical statement).
القرآن:٣١:١٥ –

وَإِنْ جَاهَدَاكَ عَلَىٰ أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلَا تُطِعْهُمَا ۖ وَصَاحِبْهُمَا فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعْرُوفًا ۖ وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَيَّ ۚ ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ  

{وإن جاهداك على أن تشرك بي ما ليس لك به علم} موافقة للواقع {فلا تطعهما وصاحبهما في الدنيا معروفا} أي بالمعروف البر والصلة {واتبع سبيل} طريق {من أناب} رجع {إليَّ} بالطاعة {ثم إليَّ مرجعكم فأنبئكم بما كنتم تعملون} فأجازيكم عليه وجملة الوصية وما بعدها اعتراض.
quran:31:16 –

˹And Luqman said˺, "O my son, indeed if wrong should be the weight of a mustard seed and should be within a rock or ˹anywhere˺ in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Indeed, Allah is Subtle and Acquainted.  

‘O my son! Even if it, namely, the evil trait, should be the weight of a grain of mustard-seed, and ˹even if˺ it be in a rock, or in the heavens, or in the earth, in other words, in the most concealed place therein, God will bring it forth, and He will call ˹that person˺ to account for it. Truly God is Subtle, in bringing it forth, Aware, of its location.
القرآن:٣١:١٦ –

يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّهَا إِنْ تَكُ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ فَتَكُنْ فِي صَخْرَةٍ أَوْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ أَوْ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَأْتِ بِهَا اللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌ  

{يا بنيّ إنها} أي الخصلة السيئة {إن تك مثقال حبة من خردلِ فتكن في صخرة أو في السماوات أو في الأرض} أي في أخفى مكان من ذلك {يأت بها الله} فيحاسب عليها {إن الله لطيف} باستخراجها {خبير} بمكانها.
quran:31:17 –

O my son, establish prayer, enjoin what is right, forbid what is wrong, and be patient over what befalls you. Indeed, ˹all˺ that is of the matters ˹requiring˺ determination.  

O my son! Establish prayer and enjoin decency and forbid indecency. And be patient through whatever may befall you, as a result of such enjoining and forbidding. Truly that, which is mentioned, is true constancy, in other words, that is one of those necessary things regarding which one must have firm resolve.
القرآن:٣١:١٧ –

يَا بُنَيَّ أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَانْهَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَاصْبِرْ عَلَىٰ مَا أَصَابَكَ ۖ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ  

{يا بنيّ أقْم الصلاة وأمُر بالمعروف وانْهَ عن المنكر واصبر على ما أصابك} بسبب الأمر والنهي {إن ذلك} المذكور {من عزم الأمور} أي معزوماتها التي يعزم عليها لوجوبها.
quran:31:18 –

And do not turn your cheek ˹in contempt˺ toward people and do not walk through the earth exultantly. Indeed, Allah does not like everyone self-deluded and boastful.  

And do not turn your cheek disdainfully from people (tusa‘‘ir: a variant reading has tusā‘ir) do not turn your face away in disdain, and do not walk upon the earth exultantly, in other words, with haughtiness. Truly God does not like any swaggering braggart, strutting in his step, ˹boasting˺ in front of people.
القرآن:٣١:١٨ –

وَلَا تُصَعِّرْ خَدَّكَ لِلنَّاسِ وَلَا تَمْشِ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَرَحًا ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ مُخْتَالٍ فَخُورٍ  

{ولا تصعِّر} وفي قراءة تصاعر {خدك للناس} لا تمل وجهك عنهم تكبرا {ولا تمش في الأرض مرحا} أي خيلاء {إن الله لا يحب كل مختالٍ} متبختر في مشيه {فخور} على الناس.
quran:31:19 –

And be moderate in your pace and lower your voice; indeed, the most disagreeable of sounds is the voice of donkeys."  

And be modest in your bearing, being moderate in it, neither dragging slowly nor rushing, but peaceful and dignified, and lower your voice; indeed the most hideous of voices is the donkey’s voice’, beginning ˹its hideous bray˺ with an exhalation and ending with an inhalation.
القرآن:٣١:١٩ –

وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ وَاغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ ۚ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ  

{واقصد في مشيك} توسط فيه بين الدبيب والإسراع، وعليك السكينة والوقار {واغضض} اخفض {من صوتك إن أنكر الأصوات} أقبحها {لصوت الحمير} أوله زفير وآخره شهيق.
quran:31:20 –

Do you not see that Allah has made subject to you whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth and amply bestowed upon you His favors, ˹both˺ apparent and unapparent? But of the people is he who disputes about Allah without knowledge or guidance or an enlightening Book ˹from Him˺.  

Do you not see, do you ˹not˺ realise, O you who are being addressed, that God has disposed for you whatever is in the heavens, such as the sun, the moon, and the stars, that you may benefit from them, and whatever is in the earth, of fruits, rivers and animals, and He has showered, He has made abundant and made complete, His favours upon you, ˹both˺ outwardly, namely, ˹by giving you your˺ wholesome form, even limbs and otherwise, and inwardly?, that is, ˹by giving you˺ knowledge and so on. Yet among people, that is, ˹people such as˺ the Meccan disbelievers, there are those who dispute concerning God without any knowledge or guidance, from a messenger, or an illuminating scripture, revealed by God, rather ˹they dispute˺ by ˹blindly˺ imitating ˹others˺.
القرآن:٣١:٢٠ –

أَلَمْ تَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَخَّرَ لَكُمْ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَأَسْبَغَ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعَمَهُ ظَاهِرَةً وَبَاطِنَةً ۗ وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ وَلَا هُدًى وَلَا كِتَابٍ مُنِيرٍ  

{ألم تروْا} تعلموا يا مخاطبين {أن الله سخَّر لكم ما في السموات} من الشمس والقمر والنجوم لتنتفعوا بها {وما في الأرض} من الثمار والأنهار والدواب {وأسبغ} أوسع وأتمَّ {عليكم نعمه ظاهرةً} وهي حسن الصورة وتسوية الأعضاء وغير ذلك {وباطنةً} هي المعرفة وغيرها {ومن الناس} أي أهل مكة {من يجادل في الله بغير علم ولا هدىً} من رسول {ولا كتاب منير} أنزله الله، بل بالتقليد.
quran:31:21 –

And when it is said to them, "Follow what Allah has revealed," they say, "Rather, we will follow that upon which we found our fathers." Even if Satan was inviting them to the punishment of the Blaze?  

And if it is said to them: ‘Follow what God has revealed’, they say, ‘We will rather follow what we found our fathers following’. He, exalted be He, says: What! Would they follow such ˹things˺, even though Satan were calling them to the chastisement of the Blaze?, that is, to what will bring it about necessarily? No!
القرآن:٣١:٢١ –

وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ اتَّبِعُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ قَالُوا بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ مَا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَنَا ۚ أَوَلَوْ كَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ  

{وإذا قيل لهم اتَّبعوا ما أَنزل الله قالوا بل نتبع ما وجدنا عليه آباءنا} قال تعالى: {أ} يتبعونه {ولو كان الشيطان يدعوهم إلى عذاب السعير} أي موجباته؟ لا.
quran:31:22 –

And whoever submits his face to Allah while he is a doer of good - then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold. And to Allah will be the outcome of ˹all˺ matters.  

And whoever surrenders his purpose to God, that is, ˹whoever˺ takes to obeying Him, and is virtuous, a believer in ˹His˺ Oneness, has certainly grasped the firmest handle, the stronger end, which is not in danger of being severed, and to God belongs the sequel of all matters, their ˹ultimate˺ return.
القرآن:٣١:٢٢ –

وَمَنْ يُسْلِمْ وَجْهَهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَىٰ ۗ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ عَاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ  

{ومن يُسلم وجهه إلى الله} أي يقبل على طاعته {وهو محسن} موحد {فقد استمسك بالعروة الوثقى} بالطرف الأوثق الذي لا يخاف انقطاعه {وإلى الله عاقبة الأمور} مرجعها.
quran:31:23 –

And whoever has disbelieved - let not his disbelief grieve you. To Us is their return, and We will inform them of what they did. Indeed, Allah is Knowing of that within the breasts.  

And whoever disbelieves, then do not let his disbelief grieve you, O Muhammad (s), do not be concerned with his disbelief. To Us shall be their return and We shall inform them of what they did. Truly God knows ˹best˺ what is in the breasts, just as ˹He knows˺ other things, and so He will requite ˹them˺ accordingly.
القرآن:٣١:٢٣ –

وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَلَا يَحْزُنْكَ كُفْرُهُ ۚ إِلَيْنَا مَرْجِعُهُمْ فَنُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ  

{ومن كفر فلا يَحزُنْك} يا محمد {كفره} لا تهتم بكفره {إلينا مرجعهم فننبئهم بما عملوا إن الله عليم بذات الصدور} أي بما فيها كغيره فمجاز عليه.
quran:31:24 –

We grant them enjoyment for a little; then We will force them to a massive punishment.  

We will give them comfort, in this world, for a little ˹while˺, for the ˹duration of the˺ days of their lives, then We will drive them, in the Hereafter, to a harsh chastisement, namely, the chastisement of the Fire from which they will find no escape.
القرآن:٣١:٢٤ –

نُمَتِّعُهُمْ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ نَضْطَرُّهُمْ إِلَىٰ عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ  

{نمتعهم} في الدنيا {قليلاً} أيام حياتهم {ثم نضطرهم} في الآخرة {إلى عذابٍ غليظٍ} وهو عذاب النار لا يجدون عنه محيصاً.
quran:31:25 –

And if you asked them, "Who created the heavens and earth?" they would surely say, "Allah." Say, "˹All˺ praise is ˹due˺ to Allah "; but most of them do not know.  

And if (wa-la-in, the lām is for oaths) you were to ask them, ‘Who created the heavens and the earth?’, they will surely say, ‘God’ (la-yaqūlunna, ‘they will surely say’, the indicative nūn has been omitted because of the like ˹sc. the nūn˺ coming after it, and likewise the wāw of the ˹plural˺ person, because of two unvocalised consonants coming together). Say: ‘Praise be to God’, for the manifestation of the definitive argument against them by the affirmation of the Oneness ˹of God˺. Nay, but most of them do not realise, that this ˹affirmation˺ is an obligation upon them.
القرآن:٣١:٢٥ –

وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ ۚ قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ ۚ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{ولئن} لام قسم {سألتهم من خلق السموات والأرض ليقولن الله} حذف منه نون الرفع لتوالي الأمثال، وواو الضمير لالتقاء الساكنين {قل الحمد لله} على ظهور الحجة عليهم بالتوحيد {بل أكثرهم لا يعلمون} وجوبه عليهم.
quran:31:26 –

To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and earth. Indeed, Allah is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy.  

To God belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth, as possessions, creatures and servants, and so none other than Him deserves to be worshipped in them. Indeed God, He is the Independent, ˹without need˺ of His creatures, the Praised, in His actions.
القرآن:٣١:٢٦ –

لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ  

{لله ما في السماوات والأرض} ملكا وخلقا وعبيدا فلا يستحق العبادة فيهما غيره {إن الله هو الغني} عن خلقه {الحميد} المحمود في صنعه.
quran:31:27 –

And if whatever trees upon the earth were pens and the sea ˹was ink˺, replenished thereafter by seven ˹more˺ seas, the words of Allah would not be exhausted. Indeed, Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.  

And if all the trees on earth were pens, and the sea (wa’l-bahru is a supplement to ˹mā˺ the subject of anna) replenished with seven more seas, were ink, the Words of God would not be spent, ˹those words˺ expressing all the things He knows, written in those pens with that ˹amount of˺ ink or with even more ˹ink˺ than that ˹would not be spent˺, for His knowledge, exalted be He, is infinite. Truly God is Mighty, nothing being beyond Him, Wise, from Whose knowledge and wisdom nothing escapes.
القرآن:٣١:٢٧ –

وَلَوْ أَنَّمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ أَقْلَامٌ وَالْبَحْرُ يَمُدُّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ سَبْعَةُ أَبْحُرٍ مَا نَفِدَتْ كَلِمَاتُ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ  

{ولو أن ما في الأرض من شجرةٍ أقلامٌ والبحر} عطف على اسم أن {يمده من بعده سبعة أبحر} مدادا {ما نفدت كلمات الله} المعبر بها عن معلوماته بكتبها بتلك الأقلام بذلك المداد ولا بأكثر من ذلك لأن معلوماته تعالي غير متناهية {إن الله عزيز} لا يعجزه شيء {حكيم} لا يخرج شئ عن علمه وحكمته.
quran:31:28 –

Your creation and your resurrection will not be but as that of a single soul. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Seeing.  

Your creation and your resurrection are only as ˹that of˺ a single soul, in terms of creation and resurrection, because it is the result of the words kun fa-yakūn, ‘“Be!” and it is!’ Truly God is Hearer, hearing everything that may be heard, Seer, seeing everything that may be seen, nothing able to distract Him from anything else.
القرآن:٣١:٢٨ –

مَا خَلْقُكُمْ وَلَا بَعْثُكُمْ إِلَّا كَنَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ  

{ما خلقكم ولا بعثكم إلا كنفس واحدة} خلقا وبعثا، لأنه بكلمة كن فيكون {إن الله سميعٌ} يسمع كل مسموع {بصيرٌ} يبصر كل مبصر لا يشغله شيء عن شيء.
quran:31:29 –

Do you not see that Allah causes the night to enter the day and causes the day to enter the night and has subjected the sun and the moon, each running ˹its course˺ for a specified term, and that Allah, with whatever you do, is Acquainted?  

Have you not seen, have you ˹not˺ realised, O you being addressed, that God makes the night pass into the day and makes the day pass into the night, such that the increase of the one is relative to the decrease of the other, and He has disposed the sun and the moon, each, of the two, running, in its course, to an appointed term, namely, ˹to˺ the Day of Resurrection, and that God is Aware of what you do?
القرآن:٣١:٢٩ –

أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ  

{ألم ترَ} تعلم يا مخاطب {أن الله يُولج} يدخل {الليل في النهار ويولج النهار} يدخله {في الليل} فيزيد كل منهما بما نقص من الآخر {وسخَّر الشمس والقمر كلُّ} منهما {يجري} في فلكه {إلى أجل مسمى} هو يوم القيامة {وأن الله بما تعملون خبير}.
quran:31:30 –

That is because Allah is the Truth, and that what they call upon other than Him is falsehood, and because Allah is the Most High, the Grand.  

That, which is mentioned, is ˹so˺ because God, He is the Truth, the established ˹truth˺, and whatever they call on (read yad‘ūna; or tad‘ūna, ‘you call on’) whatever they worship, besides Him is, evanescent, falsehood, and because God is the High ˹Exalted˺, above His creation by virtue of ˹His˺ subjugation ˹of them˺, the Great, the Mighty.
القرآن:٣١:٣٠ –

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّ مَا يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ الْبَاطِلُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ  

{ذلك} المذكور {بأن الله هو الحق} الثابت {وأن ما يدعون} بالياء والتاء يعبدون {من دونه الباطل} الزائل {وأن الله هو العليُّ} على خلقه بالقهر {الكبيرُ} العظيم.
quran:31:31 –

Do you not see that ships sail through the sea by the favor of Allah that He may show you of His signs? Indeed in that are signs for everyone patient and grateful.  

Have you not seen that the ships run upon the sea by the grace of God, that He may show you, O you who are being addressed in this ˹statement˺, some of His signs? Surely in that there are signs, lessons, for every ˹servant who is˺ steadfast, ˹in abstaining˺ from acts of disobedience to God, grateful, for His grace.
القرآن:٣١:٣١ –

أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ الْفُلْكَ تَجْرِي فِي الْبَحْرِ بِنِعْمَتِ اللَّهِ لِيُرِيَكُمْ مِنْ آيَاتِهِ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِكُلِّ صَبَّارٍ شَكُورٍ  

{ألم ترَ أن الفلك} السفن {تجري في البحر بنعمة الله ليريكم} يا مخاطبين بذلك {من آياته إنَّ في ذلك لآياتٍ} عبرا {لكل صبَّار} عن معاصي الله {شكور} لنعمته.
quran:31:32 –

And when waves come over them like canopies, they supplicate Allah, sincere to Him in religion. But when He delivers them to the land, there are ˹some˺ of them who are moderate ˹in faith˺. And none rejects Our signs except everyone treacherous and ungrateful.  

And if waves cover them, that is, ˹if˺ these rise above the disbelievers, like awnings, like mountains that act as awnings over those below them, they call on God, sincere before Him in their faith, that is, ˹in their˺ supplication, that He may deliver them, in other words, they do not call on any other ˹god˺ with Him; but when He delivers them to land, some of them compromise, middling between belief and disbelief, while others persist in their disbelief. And none denies Our signs, an example of which is Our delivering ˹them˺ from ˹such treacherous˺ waves, except every perfidious ingrate, ˹ungrateful˺ for God’s graces, exalted be He.
القرآن:٣١:٣٢ –

وَإِذَا غَشِيَهُمْ مَوْجٌ كَالظُّلَلِ دَعَوُا اللَّهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ فَلَمَّا نَجَّاهُمْ إِلَى الْبَرِّ فَمِنْهُمْ مُقْتَصِدٌ ۚ وَمَا يَجْحَدُ بِآيَاتِنَا إِلَّا كُلُّ خَتَّارٍ كَفُورٍ  

{وإذا غشيهم} أي علا الكفار {موجٌ كالظلل} كالجبال التي تُظل من تحتها {دعوا الله مخلصين له الدين} أي الدعاء بأن ينجيهم أي لا يدعون معه غيره {فلما نجاهم إلى البر فمنهم مقتصد} متوسط بين الكفر والإيمان، ومنهم باق على كفره {وما يجحد بآياتنا} ومنها الإنجاء من الموج {إلا كل ختارٍ} غدار {كفورٍ} لنعم الله تعالى.
quran:31:33 –

O mankind, fear your Lord and fear a Day when no father will avail his son, nor will a son avail his father at all. Indeed, the promise of Allah is truth, so let not the worldly life delude you and be not deceived about Allah by the Deceiver.  

O people, namely, ˹such as˺ the people of Mecca, fear your Lord and fear a day when no parent shall avail a child, thereon in any way; and no child, thereon, shall avail its parent in any way. Surely God’s promise, of resurrection, is true. So do not let the life of this world deceive you, ˹and divert you˺ from Islam, and do not let the Deceiver, Satan, deceive you concerning God, because of His forbearance and granting ˹people˺ respite.
القرآن:٣١:٣٣ –

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمْ وَاخْشَوْا يَوْمًا لَا يَجْزِي وَالِدٌ عَنْ وَلَدِهِ وَلَا مَوْلُودٌ هُوَ جَازٍ عَنْ وَالِدِهِ شَيْئًا ۚ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ ۖ فَلَا تَغُرَّنَّكُمُ الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا وَلَا يَغُرَّنَّكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الْغَرُورُ  

{يا أيها الناس} أي أهل مكة {اتقوا ربكم واخشوْا يوما لا يجزي} يغني {والد عن ولده} فيه شيئا {ولا مولود عن هو جاز عن والده} فيه {شيئا إن وعد الله حقٌ} بالبعث {فلا تغرنكم الحياة الدنيا} عن الإسلام {ولا يغرنكم بالله} في حلمه وإمهاله {الغرور} الشيطان.
quran:31:34 –

Indeed, Allah ˹alone˺ has knowledge of the Hour and sends down the rain and knows what is in the wombs. And no soul perceives what it will earn tomorrow, and no soul perceives in what land it will die. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.  

Lo! God, with Him lies knowledge of the Hour, when it will come to pass; and He sends down (read yunzilu, or yunazzilu) the rain, at times which ˹only˺ He knows; and He knows what is in the wombs, whether it is a male or a female; and not one of the three things is known by anyone other than God, exalted be He. And no soul knows what it will earn tomorrow, of good or evil, but God, exalted be He, knows this; and no soul knows in what land it will die, but God, exalted be He, knows this. Truly God is Knower, of all things, Aware, of the inward and outward aspects thereof. Al-Bukhārī reported ˹by way of an isnād˺ from ˹‘Abd Allāh˺ Ibn ‘Umar the following hadīth: ‘The Keys of the Unseen are five: Lo! God, with Him lies knowledge of the Hour … to the end of the sūra’ ˹above˺. Meccan, except for verses 16 to 20 inclusive, which are Medinese; it consists of 30 verses revealed after ˹sūrat˺ al-Mu’minūn.
القرآن:٣١:٣٤ –

إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ ۖ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا ۖ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ  

(إن الله عنده علم الساعة) متى تقوم (وينزل) بالتخفيف والتشديد (الغيث) بوقت يعلمه (ويعلم ما في الأرحام) أذكر أم أنثى، ولا يعلم واحدا من الثلاثة غير الله تعالى (وما تدري نفس ماذا تكسب غدا) من خير أو شر ويعلمه الله تعالى (وما تدري نفس بأي أرض تموت) ويعلمه الله تعالى (إن الله عليم) بكل شيء (خبير) بباطنه كظاهره، روى البخاري عن ابن عمر حديث: "مفاتيح الغيب خمسة إن الله عنده علم الساعة إلى آخر السورة".