26. Sūrat al-Shuʿarāʾ

٢٦۔ سُورَةُ الشُّعَرَاء

26.2 The assignment of Moses as a Messenger and his dialogue with Pharaoh and miracles of the Prophet Moses.

٢٦۔٢ مقطع في سُورَةُ الشُّعَرَاء

quran:26:10

And ˹mention˺ when your Lord called Moses, ˹saying˺, "Go to the wrongdoing people -  

And, mention, O Muhammad (s), to your people, when your Lord called to Moses, on the night he saw the fire and the bush, ˹saying˺: ‘Go to the wrongdoing folk, as a messenger,
القرآن:٢٦:١٠

وَإِذْ نَادَىٰ رَبُّكَ مُوسَىٰ أَنِ ائْتِ الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{و} اذكر يا محمد لقومك {إذ نادى ربك موسى} ليلة رأى النار والشجرة {أن} أي: بأن {ائت القوم الظالمين} رسولا.
quran:26:11

The people of Pharaoh. Will they not fear Allah?"  

Pharaoh’s folk, to them as well as him — they wronged their souls by disbelieving in God and ˹wronged˺ the Children of Israel by enslaving them — Will they not (a-lā: the hamza indicates a negation meant as a rebuke) show fear?’, of God by being obedient to Him and affirm His Oneness?
القرآن:٢٦:١١

قَوْمَ فِرْعَوْنَ ۚ أَلَا يَتَّقُونَ  

{قوم فرعون} معه ظلموا أنفسهم بالكفر بالله وبني إسرائيل باستعبادهم {ألا} الهمزة للاستفهام الإنكارى {يتقون} الله بطاعته فيوحدونه.
quran:26:12

He said, "My Lord, indeed I fear that they will deny me  

He, Moses, said, ‘My Lord, I fear they will deny me,
القرآن:٢٦:١٢

قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُكَذِّبُونِ  

{قال} موسى {ربِ إني أخاف أن يكذّبون}.
quran:26:13

And that my breast will tighten and my tongue will not be fluent, so send for Aaron.  

and that anguish will constrain my breast, because of their denial of me, and that my tongue will not utter clearly, to deliver the Message, because of the knot in it. So give the Mission to, my brother, Aaron, alongside me.
القرآن:٢٦:١٣

وَيَضِيقُ صَدْرِي وَلَا يَنْطَلِقُ لِسَانِي فَأَرْسِلْ إِلَىٰ هَارُونَ  

{ويضيق صدري} من تكذيبهم لي {ولا ينطلق لساني} بأداء الرسالة للعقدة التي فيه {فأرسل إلى} أخي {هارون} معي.
quran:26:14

And they have upon me a ˹claim due to˺ sin, so I fear that they will kill me."  

And I have sinned against them, by my slaying of the Egyptian man, and I fear they will slay me’, for this.
القرآن:٢٦:١٤

وَلَهُمْ عَلَيَّ ذَنْبٌ فَأَخَافُ أَنْ يَقْتُلُونِ  

{ولهم عليَّ ذنبٌ} بقتل القبطي منهم {فأخاف أن يقتلون} به.
quran:26:15

˹Allah˺ said, "No. Go both of you with Our signs; indeed, We are with you, listening.  

Said He, exalted be He: ‘Certainly not!, they shall not slay you. Go both of you, you and your brother — this address ˹although in the dual form˺ is predominantly for the person present as opposed to the absent one — with Our signs. We will indeed be with you, hearing, what you say and what is said to you (ma‘akum: the two ˹Moses and Aaron˺ are referred to here with the plural pronoun).
القرآن:٢٦:١٥

قَالَ كَلَّا ۖ فَاذْهَبَا بِآيَاتِنَا ۖ إِنَّا مَعَكُمْ مُسْتَمِعُونَ  

{قال} تعالى: {كلا} لا يقتلونك {فاذهبا} أي أنت وأخوك، ففيه تغليب الحاضر على الغائب {بآياتنا إنا معكم مستمعون} ما تقولون وما يقال لكم، أجريا مجرى الجماعة.
quran:26:16

Go to Pharaoh and say, 'We are the messengers of the Lord of the worlds,  

So the two of you approach Pharaoh and say, “Indeed We are — ˹indeed˺ each of the two of us is, the Messenger of the Lord of the Worlds, to you,
القرآن:٢٦:١٦

فَأْتِيَا فِرْعَوْنَ فَقُولَا إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{فأتِيَا فرعون فقولا إنا} كلاً منا {رسول رب العالمين} إليك.
quran:26:17

˹Commanded to say˺, "Send with us the Children of Israel."'"  

that you should let go forth with us, to Syria, the Children of Israel” ’. So they approached him and said to him that which has been mentioned.
القرآن:٢٦:١٧

أَنْ أَرْسِلْ مَعَنَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ  

{أن} أي: بأن {أرسل معنا} إلى الشام {بني إسرائيل} فأتياه فقالا له ما ذكر.
quran:26:18

˹Pharaoh˺ said, "Did we not raise you among us as a child, and you remained among us for years of your life?  

He, Pharaoh, said, to Moses, ‘Did we not rear you among us, in our homes, as a child?, as an infant, only recently born but weaned, and did you not stay with us for years of your life?, for thirty years — he would dress from Pharaoh’s clothes and ride chariots of his, and was referred to as Pharaoh’s son.
القرآن:٢٦:١٨

قَالَ أَلَمْ نُرَبِّكَ فِينَا وَلِيدًا وَلَبِثْتَ فِينَا مِنْ عُمُرِكَ سِنِينَ  

{قال} فرعون لموسى {ألم نربِّك فينا} في منازلنا {وليدا} صغيرا قريبا من الولادة بعد فطامه {ولبثت فينا من عمرك سنين} ثلاثين سنة يلبس من ملابس فرعون ويركب من مراكبه وكان يسمى ابنه.
quran:26:19

And ˹then˺ you did your deed which you did, and you were of the ungrateful."  

And you committed that deed of yours — namely, his slaying of the Egyptian — being an ingrate’, a denier of my favours to you in having reared you ˹among us˺ and not enslaved you.
القرآن:٢٦:١٩

وَفَعَلْتَ فَعْلَتَكَ الَّتِي فَعَلْتَ وَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ  

{وفعلت فعلتك التي فعلت} هي قتله القبطي {وأنت من الكافرين} الجاحدين لنعمتي عليك بالتربية وعدم الاستعباد.
quran:26:20

˹Moses˺ said, "I did it, then, while I was of those astray.  

He, Moses, said, ‘I did that then, when I was astray, from the knowledge and the Message which God would later give me.
القرآن:٢٦:٢٠

قَالَ فَعَلْتُهَا إِذًا وَأَنَا مِنَ الضَّالِّينَ  

{قال} موسى {فعلتها إذاً} أي حينئذ {وأنا من الضالين} عما آتاني الله بعدها من العلم والرسالة.
quran:26:21

So I fled from you when I feared you. Then my Lord granted me wisdom and prophethood and appointed me ˹as one˺ of the messengers.  

So I fled from you, as I was afraid of you. Then my Lord gave me judgement, knowledge, and made me one of the messengers.
القرآن:٢٦:٢١

فَفَرَرْتُ مِنْكُمْ لَمَّا خِفْتُكُمْ فَوَهَبَ لِي رَبِّي حُكْمًا وَجَعَلَنِي مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ  

{ففررتُ منكم لما خفتكم فوهب لي ربي حكما} علما {وجعلني من المرسلين}.
quran:26:22

And is this a favor of which you remind me - that you have enslaved the Children of Israel?"  

That is a favour with which you now reproach me that you have enslaved the Children of Israel’ (an ‘abbadta banī Isrā’īl, is explicative of tilka, ‘that’) in other words, you have enslaved them but not me: there is no favour in that, for your enslavement of them is wrong (some ˹scholars˺ have reckoned there to be an interrogative hamza of denial at the beginning of this verse ˹a-tilka ni‘matun, ‘is that a favour?’˺).
القرآن:٢٦:٢٢

وَتِلْكَ نِعْمَةٌ تَمُنُّهَا عَلَيَّ أَنْ عَبَّدْتَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ  

{وتلك نعمةٌ تمنُّها عليَّ} أصله تمن بها عليَّ {أن عبدت بني إسرائيل} بيان لتلك: أي اتخذتهم عبيدا ولم تستعبدني لا نعمة لك بذلك لظلمك باستعبادهم وقدر بعضهم أول الكلام همزة استفهام للإنكار.
quran:26:23

Said Pharaoh, "And what is the Lord of the worlds?"  

Pharaoh said, to Moses, ‘And what is “the Lord of the Worlds” ’, the One Whose Messenger you say you indeed are? In other words: what exactly is He? And since there is no way for creation to know the true nature of God, but only to know Him through ˹an articulation of˺ His attributes, Moses, blessings and peace be upon him, responds to him with ˹mention of˺ some of these ˹attributes˺:
القرآن:٢٦:٢٣

قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ وَمَا رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{قال فرعون} لموسى {وما رب العالمين} الذي قلت إنك رسوله أي: أي شيء هو ولما لم يكن سبيل للخلق إلى معرفة حقيقته تعالى وإنما يعرفونه بصفاته أجابه موسى عليه الصلاة والسلام ببعضها.
quran:26:24

˹Moses˺ said, "The Lord of the heavens and earth and that between them, if you should be convinced."  

He said, ‘The Lord of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them, in other words, the Creator of ˹all˺ that — should you have conviction’, that He, exalted be He, is their Creator, then believe in Him alone.
القرآن:٢٦:٢٤

قَالَ رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ۖ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُوقِنِينَ  

{قال ربُّ السماوات والأرض وما بينهما} أي خالق ذلك {إن كنتم موقنين} بأنه تعالى خالقه فآمنوا به وحده.
quran:26:25

˹Pharaoh˺ said to those around him, "Do you not hear?"  

He, Pharaoh, said to those, noblemen among his folk, who were around him, ‘Did you not hear?!’, his response, how it does not correspond to the question ˹I asked˺?
القرآن:٢٦:٢٥

قَالَ لِمَنْ حَوْلَهُ أَلَا تَسْتَمِعُونَ  

{قال} فرعون {لمن حوله} من أشراف قومه {ألا تستمعون} جوابه الذي لم يطابق السؤال.
quran:26:26

˹Moses˺ said, "Your Lord and the Lord of your first forefathers."  

He, Moses, said, ‘Your Lord and the Lord of your forefathers’. Now, even though this ˹fact˺ is comprised by what was ˹said˺ before it enrages Pharaoh, and therefore:
القرآن:٢٦:٢٦

قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ وَرَبُّ آبَائِكُمُ الْأَوَّلِينَ  

{قال} موسى {ربكم ورب آبائكم الأولين} وهذا وإن كان داخلا فيما قبله يغيظ فرعون ولذلك.
quran:26:27

˹Pharaoh˺ said, "Indeed, your 'messenger' who has been sent to you is mad."  

He said, ‘Verily this messenger of yours sent to you is a madman!’
القرآن:٢٦:٢٧

قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَكُمُ الَّذِي أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ لَمَجْنُونٌ  

{قال إنَّ رسولكم الذي أرسل إليكم لمجنون}.
quran:26:28

˹Moses˺ said, "Lord of the east and the west and that between them, if you were to reason."  

He, Moses, said, ‘The Lord of the east and the west and all that is between them — should you comprehend,’, that He is such ˹a Lord˺ then believe in Him alone.
القرآن:٢٦:٢٨

قَالَ رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ۖ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ  

{قال} موسى {ربُّ المشرق والمغرب وما بينهما إن كنتم تعقلون} إنه كذلك فآمنوا به وحده.
quran:26:29

˹Pharaoh˺ said, "If you take a god other than me, I will surely place you among those imprisoned."  

He, Pharaoh, said, to Moses: ‘If you choose any god other than me, I will surely make you a prisoner!’. His ˹Pharaoh’s˺ prison was very harsh, for a person would be shut up ˹in a dungeon˺ underground alone, where he could neither see nor hear anyone else.
القرآن:٢٦:٢٩

قَالَ لَئِنِ اتَّخَذْتَ إِلَٰهًا غَيْرِي لَأَجْعَلَنَّكَ مِنَ الْمَسْجُونِينَ  

{قال} فرعون لموسى {لئن اتخذت إلها غيري لأجعلنَّك من المسجونين} كان سجنه شديدا يحبس الشخص في مكان تحت الأرض وحده لا يبصر ولا يسمع فيه أحدا.
quran:26:30

˹Moses˺ said, "Even if I brought you proof manifest?"  

He, Moses, said, to him: ‘What, would you do this even, if I bring you something manifest?’, patent proof of my Mission?
القرآن:٢٦:٣٠

قَالَ أَوَلَوْ جِئْتُكَ بِشَيْءٍ مُبِينٍ  

{قال} له موسى {أوَلوْ} أي: أتفعل ذلك ولو {جئتك بشيءٍ مبينِ} برهان بيِّن على رسالتي.
quran:26:31

˹Pharaoh˺ said, "Then bring it, if you should be of the truthful."  

He, Pharaoh, said, to him: ‘Then bring it, if you are truthful’, in this.
القرآن:٢٦:٣١

قَالَ فَأْتِ بِهِ إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ  

{قال} فرعون له {فأتِ به إن كنت من الصادقين} فيه.
quran:26:32

So ˹Moses˺ threw his staff, and suddenly it was a serpent manifest.  

So he threw down his staff, and lo! it was a manifest serpent, a great snake.
القرآن:٢٦:٣٢

فَأَلْقَىٰ عَصَاهُ فَإِذَا هِيَ ثُعْبَانٌ مُبِينٌ  

{فألقى عصاه فإذا هي ثعبانٌ مبينٌ} حية عظيمة.
quran:26:33

And he drew out his hand; thereupon it was white for the observers.  

Then he drew out his hand, he brought it out of his pocket, and lo! it was white, glowing, before the onlookers, and not its usual skin colour.
القرآن:٢٦:٣٣

وَنَزَعَ يَدَهُ فَإِذَا هِيَ بَيْضَاءُ لِلنَّاظِرِينَ  

{ونزع يده} أخرجها من جيبه {فإذا هي بيضاء} ذات شعاع {للناظرين} خلاف ما كانت عليه من الأدمة.