18. Sūrat al-Kahf

١٨۔ سُورَةُ الكهْف

18.10 Parable of a believer and a disbeliever.

١٨۔١٠ مقطع في سُورَةُ الكهْف

quran:18:32

And present to them an example of two men: We granted to one of them two gardens of grapevines, and We bordered them with palm trees and placed between them ˹fields of˺ crops.  

And strike, coin, for them, for the disbelievers together with the believers, a similitude: two men (rajulayn is a substitute ˹for mathalan, ‘a similitude’˺ and constitutes, together with what follows, an explanation of the similitude), to one of whom, the disbeliever, We had assigned two gardens, orchards, of vines, and We had surrounded them with date-palms and had set between them ˹a field of˺ crops, from which he acquired ˹his˺ food supplies.
القرآن:١٨:٣٢

وَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ مَثَلًا رَجُلَيْنِ جَعَلْنَا لِأَحَدِهِمَا جَنَّتَيْنِ مِنْ أَعْنَابٍ وَحَفَفْنَاهُمَا بِنَخْلٍ وَجَعَلْنَا بَيْنَهُمَا زَرْعًا  

{واضرب} اجعل {لهم} للكفار مع المؤمنين {مثلاً رجلين} بدل وهو وما بعده تفسير للمثل {جعلنا لأحدهما} الكافر {جنتين} بستانين {من أعناب وحففناهما بنخل وجعلنا بينهما زرعا} يقتات به.
quran:18:33

Each of the two gardens produced its fruit and did not fall short thereof in anything. And We caused to gush forth within them a river.  

Each of the two gardens (kiltā, ‘each ˹of the two˺’ is a singular ˹noun˺ that indicates a dual ˹number˺; and ˹the entire clause˺ is the subject) yielded (ātat is the predicate thereof) its produce, its fruit, without stinting, diminishing, anything thereof. And We caused a stream to gush forth therein, to run through them.
القرآن:١٨:٣٣

كِلْتَا الْجَنَّتَيْنِ آتَتْ أُكُلَهَا وَلَمْ تَظْلِمْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ۚ وَفَجَّرْنَا خِلَالَهُمَا نَهَرًا  

{كلتا الجنتين} كلتا مفرد يدل على التثنية مبتدأ {آتت} خبره {أكلها} ثمرها {ولم تظلم} تنقص {منه شيئا} {وفجرنا} أي شقتنا {خلالهما نهرا} يجري بينهما.
quran:18:34

And he had fruit, so he said to his companion while he was conversing with him, "I am greater than you in wealth and mightier in ˹numbers of˺ men."  

And he had, together with his two gardens, fruit (read thamar, thumur, or thumr, ˹all of which constitute˺ the plural of thamra, ˹sing.˺ ‘a fruit’, similar ˹in pattern˺ to shajara ˹pl.˺ shajar, khashaba ˹pl.˺ khushb, or badana ˹pl.˺ budn) and he said to his companion, the believer, as he conversed with him, boasting before him: ‘I have more wealth than you and am stronger in respect of men’, in respect of clansmen.
القرآن:١٨:٣٤

وَكَانَ لَهُ ثَمَرٌ فَقَالَ لِصَاحِبِهِ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُ أَنَا أَكْثَرُ مِنْكَ مَالًا وَأَعَزُّ نَفَرًا  

{وكان له} مع الجنتين {ثمر} بفتح الثاء والميم وبضمهما وبضم الأول وسكون الثاني وهو جمع ثمرة كشجرة وشجر وخشبة وخشب وبدنة وبدن {فقال لصاحبه} المؤمن {وهو يحاوره} يفاخره {أنا أكثر منك مالاً وأعز نفرا} عشيرة.
quran:18:35

And he entered his garden while he was unjust to himself. He said, "I do not think that this will perish - ever.  

And he entered his garden, ˹taking˺ with him his companion, accompanying him all around it, showing him its fruits — God does not say ˹here˺ his ‘two gardens’, because what is meant is the beautiful ˹part of the˺ garden (rawda); or because ˹to mention just˺ one suffices — having wronged himself, through ˹his˺ disbelief. He said, ‘I do not think that ˹all˺ this will ever perish, become non-existent.
القرآن:١٨:٣٥

وَدَخَلَ جَنَّتَهُ وَهُوَ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ قَالَ مَا أَظُنُّ أَنْ تَبِيدَ هَٰذِهِ أَبَدًا  

{ودخل جنته} بصاحبه يطوف به فيها ويريه أثمارها ولم يقل جنتيه إرادة للروضة وقيل اكتفاء بالواحد {وهو ظالم لنفسه} بالكفر {قال ما أظن أن تبيد} تنعدم {هذه أبدا}.
quran:18:36

And I do not think the Hour will occur. And even if I should be brought back to my Lord, I will surely find better than this as a return."  

Moreover, I do not think that the Hour will ever come; and ˹even˺ if I am indeed returned to my Lord, in the Hereafter, according to your claim, I shall surely find better than this as a resort’, as a ˹place of˺ return.
القرآن:١٨:٣٦

وَمَا أَظُنُّ السَّاعَةَ قَائِمَةً وَلَئِنْ رُدِدْتُ إِلَىٰ رَبِّي لَأَجِدَنَّ خَيْرًا مِنْهَا مُنْقَلَبًا  

{وما أظن الساعة قائمة ولئن رُدِدت إلى ربي} في الآخرة على زعمك {لأجدن خيرا منها منقلبا} مرجعا.
quran:18:37

His companion said to him while he was conversing with him, "Have you disbelieved in He who created you from dust and then from a sperm-drop and then proportioned you ˹as˺ a man?  

His companion said to him, as he conversed with him, responding to him: ‘Do you disbelieve in Him Who created you of dust — as Adam was created of it — then of a drop of fluid, ˹of˺ semen, then fashioned you, made you upright and gave you the form of, a man?
القرآن:١٨:٣٧

قَالَ لَهُ صَاحِبُهُ وَهُوَ يُحَاوِرُهُ أَكَفَرْتَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَكَ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ سَوَّاكَ رَجُلًا  

{قال له صاحبه وهو يحاوره} يجاوبه {أكفرت بالذي خلقك من تراب} لأن آدم خُلق منه {ثم نطقه} منيّ {ثم سواك} عدلك وصيرك {رجلاً}.
quran:18:38

But as for me, He is Allah, my Lord, and I do not associate with my Lord anyone.  

But lo (lākinnā is actually ˹made up of˺ lākin anā, ‘but I … ’, where the hamza vowel has ˹either˺ been transferred onto the nūn ˹of lākin˺, or omitted ˹altogether˺ with the nūn assimilated with the like of it) He ˹is˺ (huwa, this is the pronoun of the ˹subject˺ matter ˹to be stated˺ and is clarified by the sentence that follows it: the meaning ˹in other words˺ is ‘˹But, it is that˺ I say that ˹He is˺’) God, my Lord, and I do not ascribe any partner to my Lord.
القرآن:١٨:٣٨

لَٰكِنَّا هُوَ اللَّهُ رَبِّي وَلَا أُشْرِكُ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا  

{لكنا} أصله لكن أنا نقلت حركة الهمزة إلى النون أو حذفت الهمزة ثم أدغمت النون في مثلها {هو} ضمير الشأن تفسره الجملة بعده والمعنى أنا أقول {الله ربي ولا أشرك بربي أحدا}.
quran:18:39

And why did you, when you entered your garden, not say, 'What Allah willed ˹has occurred˺; there is no power except in Allah '? Although you see me less than you in wealth and children,  

And if only when you entered your garden, you had said, upon admiring it, ‘This is “What God has willed. There is no power except in God”. In a hadīth ˹it is stated that˺: ‘Whoever is given something good in the way of family or wealth and upon receiving it says, “What God wills ˹comes to pass˺; there is no power except in God” (mā shā’a’Llāh lā quwwata illā bi’Llāh), he will never experience any ill therefrom’. If you see me (anā is a pronoun separating two direct objects) as less than you in wealth and children,
القرآن:١٨:٣٩

وَلَوْلَا إِذْ دَخَلْتَ جَنَّتَكَ قُلْتَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ ۚ إِنْ تَرَنِ أَنَا أَقَلَّ مِنْكَ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا  

(ولولا) هلا (إذ دخلت جنتك قلت) عند إعجابك بها هذا (ما شاء الله لا قوة إلا بالله) وفي الحديث "" من أعطي خيرا من أهل أو مال فيقول عند ذلك ما شاء الله لا قوة إلا بالله لم ير فيه مكروها "" (إن ترن أنا) ضمير فصل بين المفعولين (أقل منك مالاً وولدا).
quran:18:40

It may be that my Lord will give me ˹something˺ better than your garden and will send upon it a calamity from the sky, and it will become a smooth, dusty ground,  

maybe my Lord will give me ˹something˺ better than your garden (this is the response to the conditional clause ˹beginning with lawlā, ‘and if only’˺) and unleash upon it bolts (husbān is the plural of husbāna), that is to say, thunderbolts, from the heaven so that it becomes a bare plain, a ˹piece of˺ smooth ground upon which no foot can stand firm;
القرآن:١٨:٤٠

فَعَسَىٰ رَبِّي أَنْ يُؤْتِيَنِ خَيْرًا مِنْ جَنَّتِكَ وَيُرْسِلَ عَلَيْهَا حُسْبَانًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتُصْبِحَ صَعِيدًا زَلَقًا  

{فعسى ربي أن يؤتين خيرا من جنتك} جواب الشرط {ويرسل عليها حسبانا} جمع حسبانة أي صواعق {من السماء فتصبح صعيدا زلقا} أرضا ملساء لا يثبت عليها قدم.
quran:18:41

Or its water will become sunken ˹into the earth˺, so you would never be able to seek it."  

or ˹maybe˺ its water will sink ˹deep˺ down (ghawran functions in meaning like ghā’iran, and it constitutes a supplement to yursila, ‘He ˹will˺ unleash’, but not ˹a supplement˺ to tusbiha, ‘it becomes’, because the sinking of water ˹deep into the earth˺ does not ˹necessarily˺ result from thunderbolts) so that you have no means of acquiring it’, no possible way of reaching it.
القرآن:١٨:٤١

أَوْ يُصْبِحَ مَاؤُهَا غَوْرًا فَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ لَهُ طَلَبًا  

{أو يصبح ماؤها غورا} بمعنى غائرا عطف على يرسل دون تصبح لأن غور الماء لا يتسبب عن الصواعق {فلن تستطيع له طلبا} حيلة تدركه بها.
quran:18:42

And his fruits were encompassed ˹by ruin˺, so he began to turn his hands about ˹in dismay˺ over what he had spent on it, while it had collapsed upon its trellises, and said, "Oh, I wish I had not associated with my Lord anyone."  

And his fruit was beset, through the curbing measures mentioned above, ˹it was beset˺ together with his garden by destruction and were thus ruined, and so he began to wring his hands, out of regret and anguish, because of what he had spent on it, on the cultivation of his garden, as it lay fallen, ˹having˺ collapsed, on its trellises, those supporting the vines, so that ˹first˺ these collapsed and then the vine-grapes collapsed ˹after them˺, saying, ‘O (yā is for exclamation) I wish I had not ascribed any partner to my Lord!’
القرآن:١٨:٤٢

وَأُحِيطَ بِثَمَرِهِ فَأَصْبَحَ يُقَلِّبُ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَىٰ مَا أَنْفَقَ فِيهَا وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا وَيَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي لَمْ أُشْرِكْ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا  

{وأحيط بثمره} بأوجه الضبط السابقة مع جنته بالهلاك فهلكت {فأصبح يقلب كفيه} ندما وتحسرا {على ما أنفق فيها} في عمارة جنته {وهي خاوية} ساقطة {على عروشها} دعائمها للكرم بأن سقطت ثم سقط الكرم {ويقول يا} للتنبيه {ليتني لم أشرك بربي أحدا}.
quran:18:43

And there was for him no company to aid him other than Allah, nor could he defend himself.  

But there was no (read takun or yakun) party, ˹no˺ persons, to help him, besides God, at the moment of its destruction, nor could he help himself, at the moment of its destruction, ˹all by˺ himself.
القرآن:١٨:٤٣

وَلَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ فِئَةٌ يَنْصُرُونَهُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَمَا كَانَ مُنْتَصِرًا  

{ولم تكن} بالتاء والياء {له فئة} جماعة {ينصرونه من دون الله} عند هلاكها {وما كان منتصرا} عن هلاكها بنفسه.
quran:18:44

There the authority is ˹completely˺ for Allah, the Truth. He is best in reward and best in outcome.  

There, that is, ˹on˺ the Day of Resurrection, ˹all˺ protection (walāya; if read wilāya, then ˹it means˺ ‘sovereignty’) belongs to God, the True (if read as al-haqqu then it is as an adjective qualifying walāya ˹or wilāya˺, or ˹if˺ read as al-haqqi, then it is an attribute of ˹God’s˺ Majesty). He is better at rewarding, than the rewarding of any ˹person˺ other than Him, if such ˹a person˺ were ˹in a position to˺ reward; and best in consequence (read ‘uquban or ‘uqban), ˹He is best˺ in terms of the consequence for believers (both ˹thawāban, ‘rewarding’, and ‘uqban, ‘consequence’˺ are in the accusative for ˹the purpose of˺ specification).
القرآن:١٨:٤٤

هُنَالِكَ الْوَلَايَةُ لِلَّهِ الْحَقِّ ۚ هُوَ خَيْرٌ ثَوَابًا وَخَيْرٌ عُقْبًا  

{هنالك} أي يوم القيامة {الولاية} بفتح الواو النصرة وبكسرها الملك {لله الحق} بالرفع صفة الولاية وبالجر صفة الجلالة {هو خير ثوابا} من ثواب غيره لو كان يثيب {وخير عقبا} بضم القاف وسكونها عاقبة للمؤمنين ونصبهما على التمييز.