18. Sūrat al-Kahf

١٨۔ سُورَةُ الكهْف

18.1 Those who say God has begotten a son are uttering a monstrous lie.

١٨۔١ مقطع في سُورَةُ الكهْف

quran:18:1In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

˹All˺ praise is ˹due˺ to Allah, who has sent down upon His Servant the Book and has not made therein any deviance.  

Praise — which is the attribution ˹to a person˺ of that which is beautiful — is established ˹as something that˺, belongs to God ˹alone˺, exalted be He. Now, is the intention here to point this out for the purpose of believing in it, or to praise ˹God˺ thereby, or both? All are possibilities, the most profitable of which is ˹to understand˺ the third ˹as being the intention behind this statement˺; Who has revealed to His servant, Muhammad (s), the Book, the Qur’ān, and has not allowed for it, that is, ˹He has not allowed that there be˺ in it, any crookedness, ˹any˺ variance or contradiction (the ˹last˺ sentence ˹wa-lam yaj‘al lahu ‘iwajan˺ is a circumstantial qualifier referring to al-kitāb, ‘the Book’);
القرآن:١٨:١بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ عَلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ الْكِتَابَ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ عِوَجًا ۜ  

{الحمد} وهو الوصف بالجميل، ثابت {لله} تعالى وهل المراد الإعلام بذلك للإيمان به أو الثناء به أو هما؟ احتمالات، أفيدها الثالث {الذي أنزل على عبده} محمد {الكتاب} القرآن {ولم يجعل له} أي فيه {عوجا} اختلافا أو تناقضا، والجملة حال من الكتاب.
quran:18:2

˹He has made it˺ straight, to warn of severe punishment from Him and to give good tidings to the believers who do righteous deeds that they will have a good reward  

˹a Book˺ upright, (qayyiman is a second circumstantial qualifier for ˹added˺ emphasis) to warn of, to make, by this Book, the disbelievers fear, severe chastisement from Him, from God, and to bring to the believers who perform righteous deeds the good tidings that theirs will be a fair reward,
القرآن:١٨:٢

قَيِّمًا لِيُنْذِرَ بَأْسًا شَدِيدًا مِنْ لَدُنْهُ وَيُبَشِّرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا حَسَنًا  

{قيّما} مستقيما حال ثانية مؤكدة {لينذر} يخوف بالكتاب الكافرين {بأسا} عذابا {شديدا من لدنه} من قبل الله {ويبشر المؤمنين الذين يعملون الصالحات أن لهم أجرا حسنا}.
quran:18:3

In which they will remain forever  

wherein they will abide forever, and this ˹reward˺ is Paradise;
القرآن:١٨:٣

مَاكِثِينَ فِيهِ أَبَدًا  

{ماكثين فيه أبدا} هو الجنة.
quran:18:4

And to warn those who say, "Allah has taken a son."  

and to warn those, from among the disbelievers, who say, ‘God has taken a son’.
القرآن:١٨:٤

وَيُنْذِرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا  

{وينذر} من جملة الكافرين {الذين قالوا اتخذ الله ولدا}.
quran:18:5

They have no knowledge of it, nor had their fathers. Grave is the word that comes out of their mouths; they speak not except a lie.  

They do not have, in this, in this saying, any knowledge, nor did their fathers, before them, who ˹also˺ used to say this. Dreadful, grave, is the word that comes out of their mouths (kalimatan, ‘word’, is for specification and it explains the unidentified ˹feminine˺ person ˹of the verb, kaburat, ‘dreadful’˺; and that which is the object of censure has been omitted, and that is their above-mentioned saying ˹that God has taken a son˺). They speak nothing, thereby, but, an utterance of, lies.
القرآن:١٨:٥

مَا لَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ وَلَا لِآبَائِهِمْ ۚ كَبُرَتْ كَلِمَةً تَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَفْوَاهِهِمْ ۚ إِنْ يَقُولُونَ إِلَّا كَذِبًا  

{ما لهم به} بهذا القول {من علم ولا لآبائهم} من قبلهم القائلين له {كبرت} عظمت {كلمة تخرج من أفواههم} كلمة تمييز مفسر للضمير المبهم والمخصوص بالذم محذوف أي مقالتهم المذكورة {إن} ما {يقولون} في ذلك {إلا} مقولا {كذبا}.
quran:18:6

Then perhaps you would kill yourself through grief over them, ˹O Muhammad˺, if they do not believe in this message, ˹and˺ out of sorrow.  

Yet it may be that you will consume, destroy, yourself in their wake — following ˹your being with˺ them, that is, after they have left you — if they should not believe in this discourse, ˹in this˺ Qur’ān, out of grief, out of rage and anguish on your part, because of your eagerness that they believe (asafan, ‘out of grief’, is in the accusative because it functions as an object denoting reason).
القرآن:١٨:٦

فَلَعَلَّكَ بَاخِعٌ نَفْسَكَ عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمْ إِنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا بِهَٰذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَسَفًا  

{فلعلك باخع} مهلك {نفسك على آثارهم} بعدهم أي بعد توليهم عنك {إن لم يؤمنوا بهذا الحديث} القرآن {أسفا} غيظا وحزنا منك لحرصك على إيمانهم، ونصبه على المفعول له.