18. Sūrat al-Kahf

١٨۔ سُورَةُ الكهْف

Qurʾān > Chapter 18 > Section 13
القرآن > كتاب ١٨ > باب ١٣

18.13 God has given all kinds of examples in the Quran so that the people may understand His Message.

١٨۔١٣ مقطع في سُورَةُ الكهْف

quran:18:54 –

And We have certainly diversified in this Qur'an for the people from every ˹kind of˺ example; but man has ever been, most of anything, ˹prone to˺ dispute.  

And verily We have dispensed, We have explained, for mankind in this Qur’ān ˹an example˺ of every kind of similitude (min kulli mathalin is an adjective qualifying an omitted clause, in other words, ‘˹We have dispensed therein˺ a similitude from every kind of similitude), that they may be admonished. But man is most disputatious, ˹he is˺ most contentious in matters of falsehood (jadalan is a specification derived from ˹al-insān, ‘man’˺ the subject of kāna) in other words, the meaning is that the disputatiousness of man is what can be found in him most.
القرآن:١٨:٥٤ –

وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَا فِي هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَلٍ ۚ وَكَانَ الْإِنْسَانُ أَكْثَرَ شَيْءٍ جَدَلًا  

{ولقد صرفنا} بينا {في هذا القرآن للناس من كل مثل} صفة لمحذوف، أي مثلاً من جنس كل مثل ليتعظوا {وكان الإنسان} أي الكفار {أكثر شيء جدلاً} خصومة في الباطل وهو تمييز منقول من اسم كان، المعنى: وكان جدل الإنسان أكثر شيء فيه.
quran:18:55 –

And nothing has prevented the people from believing when guidance came to them and from asking forgiveness of their Lord except that there ˹must˺ befall them the ˹accustomed˺ precedent of the former peoples or that the punishment should come ˹directly˺ before them.  

And nothing prevented people, that is, the disbelievers of Mecca, from believing (an yu’minū is ˹after alnāsa, ‘people’˺ constitutes the second direct object clause) when the guidance, the Qur’ān, came to them, and from asking forgiveness of their Lord, without that there should come upon them the precedent of the ancients (sunnatu’l-awwalīn constitutes the subject of the verb) that is to say, Our precedent of dealing with them, which is the destruction decreed for them, or that the chastisement should come upon them before their very eyes, in front of them and for them to see — which was their being killed on the day of Badr (a variant reading ˹for qibalan˺ has qubulan, which ˹in the accusative˺ is the plural of qabīlin, meaning, ‘of various kinds’).
القرآن:١٨:٥٥ –

وَمَا مَنَعَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا إِذْ جَاءَهُمُ الْهُدَىٰ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُمْ سُنَّةُ الْأَوَّلِينَ أَوْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ قُبُلًا  

{وما منع الناس} أي كفار مكة {أن يؤمنوا} مفعول ثان {إذ جاءهم الهدى} القرآن {ويستغفروا ربهم إلا أن تأتيهم سنة الأولين} فاعل أي سنتنا فيهم وهي الإهلاك المقدر عليهم {أو يأتيهم العذاب قبلاً} مقابلة وعيناً، وهو القتل يوم بدر وفي قراءة بضمتين جمع قبيل أي أنواعا.
quran:18:56 –

And We send not the messengers except as bringers of good tidings and warners. And those who disbelieve dispute by ˹using˺ falsehood to ˹attempt to˺ invalidate thereby the truth and have taken My verses, and that of which they are warned, in ridicule.  

And We do not send messengers except as bearers of good tidings, to believers, and as warners, as threateners to disbelievers. But those who disbelieve dispute with falsehood, when they say that, ‘Has God sent a human as a messenger ˹from Him˺?’ ˹Q. 17:94˺ and the like of such ˹statements˺, that they may refute thereby, that by way of their disputing they may invalidate, the truth, the Qur’ān. And they have taken My signs, namely, the Qur’ān, and that whereof they have been warned, in the way of the Fire, derisively, in mockery.
القرآن:١٨:٥٦ –

وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ ۚ وَيُجَادِلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِالْبَاطِلِ لِيُدْحِضُوا بِهِ الْحَقَّ ۖ وَاتَّخَذُوا آيَاتِي وَمَا أُنْذِرُوا هُزُوًا  

(وما نرسل المرسلين إلا مبشرين) للمؤمنين (ومنذرين) مخوفين للكافرين (ويجادل الذين كفروا بالباطل) بقولهم: "" أبعث الله بشرا رسولاً "" ونحوه (ليدحضوا به) ليبطلوا بجدالهم (الحق) القرآن (واتخذوا آياتي) أي القرآن (وما أنذروا) به من النار (هزوا) سخرية.
quran:18:57 –

And who is more unjust than one who is reminded of the verses of his Lord but turns away from them and forgets what his hands have put forth? Indeed, We have placed over their hearts coverings, lest they understand it, and in their ears deafness. And if you invite them to guidance - they will never be guided, then - ever.  

And who does greater wrong than he who has been reminded of the signs of his Lord, yet turns away from them and forgets what his hands have sent ahead?, what he has committed in the way of disbelief and acts of disobedience. Indeed on their hearts We have cast veils, coverings, lest they should understand it, that is, lest they should comprehend the Qur’ān, in other words, and so ˹as a result˺ they do not comprehend it; and in their ears a deafness, a heaviness, and so they do not hear it; and though you call them to guidance, they will not be guided in that case, that is, given the casting ˹of veils˺ mentioned, ever.
القرآن:١٨:٥٧ –

وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ ذُكِّرَ بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا وَنَسِيَ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ ۚ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ أَكِنَّةً أَنْ يَفْقَهُوهُ وَفِي آذَانِهِمْ وَقْرًا ۖ وَإِنْ تَدْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْهُدَىٰ فَلَنْ يَهْتَدُوا إِذًا أَبَدًا  

{ومن أظلم ممن ذكر بآيات ربه فأعرض عنها ونسي ما قدمت يداه} ما عمل من الكفر والمعاصي {إنا جعلنا على قلوبهم أكنَّة} أغطية {أن يفقهوه} أي من أن يفهموا القرآن أي فلا يفهمونه {وفي آذانهم وقرا} ثقلاً فلا يسمعونه {وإن تدعهم إلى الهدى فلن يهتدوا إذا} أي بالجعل المذكور {أبدا}.
quran:18:58 –

And your Lord is the Forgiving, full of mercy. If He were to impose blame upon them for what they earned, He would have hastened for them the punishment. Rather, for them is an appointment from which they will never find an escape.  

And your Lord is the Forgiver, Full of Mercy. Were He to take them to task, in this world, for what they have earned, He would have hastened for them the chastisement, therein; but they have a tryst, which is the Day of Resurrection, from which they will not find any escape, any refuge.
القرآن:١٨:٥٨ –

وَرَبُّكَ الْغَفُورُ ذُو الرَّحْمَةِ ۖ لَوْ يُؤَاخِذُهُمْ بِمَا كَسَبُوا لَعَجَّلَ لَهُمُ الْعَذَابَ ۚ بَلْ لَهُمْ مَوْعِدٌ لَنْ يَجِدُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ مَوْئِلًا  

{وربك الغفور ذو الرحمة لو يؤاخذهم} في الدنيا {بما كسبوا لعجل لهم العذاب} فيها {بل لهم موعد} وهو يوم القيامة {لن يجدوا من دونه موئلاً} ملجأ.
quran:18:59 –

And those cities - We destroyed them when they wronged, and We made for their destruction an appointed time.  

And those towns, that is to say, the inhabitants of those ˹towns˺, such as ‘Ād and Thamūd, as well as others, We destroyed them when they did evil, ˹when˺ they disbelieved, and We appointed for their destruction (a variant reading ˹for mahlikihim˺ has muhlakihim) a tryst.
القرآن:١٨:٥٩ –

وَتِلْكَ الْقُرَىٰ أَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ لَمَّا ظَلَمُوا وَجَعَلْنَا لِمَهْلِكِهِمْ مَوْعِدًا  

{وتلك القرى} أي أهلها كعاد وثمود وغيرهما {أهلكناهم لما ظلموا} كفروا {وجعلنا لمهلكهم} لإهلاكهم وفي قراءة بفتح الميم أي لهلاكهم {موعدا}.