18. Sūrat al-Kahf

١٨۔ سُورَةُ الكهْف

18.3 They were young men who declared the truth about the Oneness of God. They had to run away and take refuge in a cave.

١٨۔٣ مقطع في سُورَةُ الكهْف

quran:18:13

It is We who relate to you, ˹O Muhammad˺, their story in truth. Indeed, they were youths who believed in their Lord, and We increased them in guidance.  

We relate, recite, to you their story with truth, that is, truthfully. They were indeed youths who believed in their Lord, and We increased them in guidance.
القرآن:١٨:١٣

نَحْنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ نَبَأَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ فِتْيَةٌ آمَنُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ وَزِدْنَاهُمْ هُدًى  

{نحن نقص} نقرأ {عليك نبأهم بالحق} بالصدق {إنهم فتية آمنوا بربِّهم وزدناهم هدى}.
quran:18:14

And We made firm their hearts when they stood up and said, "Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth. Never will we invoke besides Him any deity. We would have certainly spoken, then, an excessive transgression.  

And We strengthened their hearts, to ˹enable them to˺ speak the truth, when they stood up, before their king, who had commanded them to prostrate to idols, and said, ‘Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth. We will not call on any god besides Him, that is, other than Him, for then we shall certainly have uttered an outrage, in other words, ˹we shall have spoken˺ a statement that contains shatat, meaning one of extreme disbelief, were we, hypothetically, to call on any god other than God.
القرآن:١٨:١٤

وَرَبَطْنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ إِذْ قَامُوا فَقَالُوا رَبُّنَا رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ لَنْ نَدْعُوَ مِنْ دُونِهِ إِلَٰهًا ۖ لَقَدْ قُلْنَا إِذًا شَطَطًا  

{وربطنا على قلوبهم} قويناها على قول الحق {إذ قاموا} بين يدي ملكهم وقد أمرهم بالسجود للأصنام {فقالوا ربنا رب السماوات والأرض لن ندعو من دونه} أي غيره {إلها لقد قلنا إذا شططا} أي قولاً ذا شطط أي إفراط في الكفر إن دعونا إلها غير الله فرضا.
quran:18:15

These, our people, have taken besides Him deities. Why do they not bring for ˹worship of˺ them a clear authority? And who is more unjust than one who invents about Allah a lie?"  

These (hā’ūlā’ is the subject ˹of the sentence˺) our people (qawmunā is an explicative supplement ˹to the subject˺) have taken gods besides Him. Why ˹if what they claim is true˺ do they not bring some clear warrant, some manifest argument, regarding them? regarding worship of these ˹idols˺. And who does greater wrong — in other words, no one does greater wrong — than he who invents a lie against God?, by ascribing partners to Him, exalted be He. Some among the youths said to the others:
القرآن:١٨:١٥

هَٰؤُلَاءِ قَوْمُنَا اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ آلِهَةً ۖ لَوْلَا يَأْتُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِسُلْطَانٍ بَيِّنٍ ۖ فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا  

{هؤلاء} مبتدأ {قومنا} عطف بيان {اتخذوا من دونه آلهة لولا} هلا {يأتون عليهم} على عبادتهم {بسلطان بين} بحجة ظاهرة {فمن أظلم} أي لا أحد أظلم {ممن افترى على الله كذبا} بنسبة الشريك إليه تعالى قال بعض الفتية لبعض:
quran:18:16

˹The youths said to one another˺, "And when you have withdrawn from them and that which they worship other than Allah, retreat to the cave. Your Lord will spread out for you of His mercy and will prepare for you from your affair facility."  

And when you withdraw from them and from that which they worship except God, then take refuge in the Cave. Your Lord will reveal for you something of His mercy and prepare for you in your affair some comfort’ (read mirfaqan or marfiqan), that is to say, something for you to find comfort in, in the way of lunch or supper.
القرآن:١٨:١٦

وَإِذِ اعْتَزَلْتُمُوهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ فَأْوُوا إِلَى الْكَهْفِ يَنْشُرْ لَكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ وَيُهَيِّئْ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ مِرْفَقًا  

{وإذ اعتزلتموهم وما يعبدون إلا الله فأووا إلى الكهف ينشر لكم ربكم من رحمته ويهيئ لكم من أمركم مرفقا} بكسر الميم وفتح الفاء وبالعكس ما ترتفقون به من غداء وعشاء.
quran:18:17

And ˹had you been present˺, you would see the sun when it rose, inclining away from their cave on the right, and when it set, passing away from them on the left, while they were ˹laying˺ within an open space thereof. That was from the signs of Allah. He whom Allah guides is the ˹rightly˺ guided, but he whom He leaves astray - never will you find for him a protecting guide.  

And you might have seen the sun, when it rose, inclining (read tazzāwaru or tazāwaru) away from their Cave towards the right, side of it, and, when it set, go past them on the left, avoid them and pass over them, so that it does not fall on them at all, while they were in a cavern therein, in an ample space inside the Cave where the coolness and the gentle breeze of the winds reached them. That, which is mentioned, was ˹one˺ of God’s signs, ˹one of˺ the proofs of His power. Whomever God guides, he indeed is rightly guided, and whomever He leads astray, you will not find for him a guiding friend.
القرآن:١٨:١٧

وَتَرَى الشَّمْسَ إِذَا طَلَعَتْ تَزَاوَرُ عَنْ كَهْفِهِمْ ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ وَإِذَا غَرَبَتْ تَقْرِضُهُمْ ذَاتَ الشِّمَالِ وَهُمْ فِي فَجْوَةٍ مِنْهُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ ۗ مَنْ يَهْدِ اللَّهُ فَهُوَ الْمُهْتَدِ ۖ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لَهُ وَلِيًّا مُرْشِدًا  

{وترى الشمس إذا طلعت تزّاور} بالتشديد والتخفيف تميل {عن كهفهم ذات اليمين} ناحيته {وإذا غربت تقرضهم ذات الشمال} تتركهم وتتجاوز عنهم فلا تصيبهم ألبتة {وهم في فجوة منه} متسع من الكهف ينالهم برد الريح ونسيمها {ذلك} المذكور {من آيات الله} دلائل قدرته {من يهد الله فهو المهتد ومن يضلل فلن تجد له وليا مرشدا}.