18. Emancipation of Slaves (2/4)
١٨۔ كِتَابُ الْعِتْقِ ص ٢
[Machine] "He says, 'The child of illegitimate union shall not enter Paradise.'"
«يَقُولُ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَدُ زِنَا»
[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Neither the offspring of illegal intercourse nor anything from his descendants will enter Paradise until the seventh generation.'"
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «لَا يَدْخُلُ وَلَدُ زِنَا وَلَا شَيْءٌ مِنْ نَسْلِهِ إِلَى سَبْعَةِ أَبْنَاءَ الْجَنَّةَ»
[Machine] "He who commits adultery, nor the second, nor the third, shall enter paradise."
«لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَدُ زِنَا وَلَا الثَّانِي وَلَا الثَّالِثُ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The offspring of adultery is the worst of the three."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «وَلَدُ الزِّنَا شَرُّ الثَّلَاثَةِ»
18.12 [Machine] The superiority of charity over emancipation
١٨۔١٢ فَضْلُ الْعَطِيَّةِ عَلَى الْعِتْقِ
[Machine] I heard Maymunah bint al-Harith say: "I freed a slave girl during the time of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , so I mentioned it to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ . He said, 'If you had given it to your relatives, it would have been greater in reward.' Muhammad ibn Ishaq disagreed with him."
سَمِعْتُ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ تَقُولُ أَعْتَقْتُ وَلِيدَةً فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «لَوْ أَعْطَيْتِ أَخْوَالَكِ كَانَ أَعْظَمَ لِأَجْرِكِ» خَالَفَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ
I had a slave girl and I set her free. When the Prophet ﷺ entered upon me, I informed him (of this). He said : May Allah give reward for it; if you had given her to your maternal uncles, it would have increased your reward (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1690)
كَانَتْ لِي جَارِيَةٌ فَأَعْتَقْتُهَا فَدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ «آجَرَكِ اللهُ أَمَّا إِنَّكِ لَوْ كُنْتِ أَعْطَيْتِهَا أَخْوَالَكِ كَانَ أَعْظَمَ لِأَجْرِكِ»
[Machine] About Al-Hilaliyah, which was with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, it had a black slave girl. She said, "O Messenger of Allah, I want to free her." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Would you not offer her as compensation for the care of your cousin's daughter or your aunt's daughter from tending to the sheep?"
عَنِ الْهِلَالِيَّةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ لَهَا جَارِيَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ هَذِهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «أَفَلَا تَفْدِينَ بِهَا بِنْتَ أَخِيكِ أَوْ بِنْتَ أُخْتِكِ مِنْ رِعَايَةِ الْغَنَمِ؟»
[Machine] She asked the Prophet ﷺ for a servant, so he gave her a servant and she freed her. He asked, "What did you do with the servant?" She replied, "O Messenger of Allah, I freed her." He said, "If only you had given her to your relatives, it would have been greater in reward for you."
أَنَّهَا سَأَلَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَادِمًا فَأَعْطَاهَا خَادِمًا فَأَعْتَقَتْهَا فَقَالَ «مَا فَعَلْتِ الْخَادِمُ؟» قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَعْتَقْتُهَا قَالَ «أَمَا إِنَّكِ لَوْ أَعْطَيْتِهَا أَخْوَالَكِ كَانَ أَعْظَمَ لِأَجْرِكِ»
[Machine] On the authority of Juwayriyah, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ , she said, "O Prophet of Allah, I have the intention to free this boy." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Instead, give him to your brother among the Bedouins who takes care of him, for indeed, it will be greater in reward for you."
عَنْ جُوَيْرِيَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَعْتِقَ هَذَا الْغُلَامَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «بَلْ أَعْطِيهِ أَخَاكِ الَّذِي فِي الْأَعْرَابِ يَرْعَى عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهُ أَعْظَمُ لِأَجْرِكِ»
18.13 [Machine] If he wants to free the slave and his mother, with whom should he start?
١٨۔١٣ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ الْعَبْدَ وَأمْتَهُ بِأَيِّهِمَا يَبْدَأُ
[Machine] "That I should free both of them, so I mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and he said, 'Start with the boy before the girl.' And Muhammad ibn Bashshar said in his narration that the Prophet ﷺ said, 'If you free them both, then start with the man before the woman.'"
أَنْ أُعْتِقَهُمَا فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «ابْدَئِي بِالْغُلَامِ قَبْلَ الْجَارِيَةِ» وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «إِنْ أَعْتَقْتِهِمَا فَابْدَئِي بِالرَّجُلِ قَبْلَ الْمَرْأَةِ»
[Machine] He told him that men from the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ informed him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Any slave woman who is freed is considered among the best as long as she is not touched by her husband."
أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رِجَالًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَدَّثُوهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «أَيُّمَا أَمَةٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ عَبْدٍ فَعَتَقَتْ فَهِيَ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَطَأْهَا زَوْجُهَا»
18.14 [Machine] The mention of the servant comes between two people, and one of them will free him, and the narrators differ in reporting the news of Abdullah ibn Umar in that matter.
١٨۔١٤ ذِكْرُ الْعَبْدِ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَيُعْتِقُ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ وَاخْتِلَافِ أَلْفَاظِ النَّاقِلِينَ لِخَبَرِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever emancipates a slave of his, it is guaranteed that he will be in the company of his companions."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ ضَمِنَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ أَنْصِبَاءَهُمْ»
[Machine] On the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who said: "Yes, he said, 'Whoever frees a slave with whom he has entered into a partnership, his complete freedom is upon the one who freed him.' [25] 4919 And on the authority of Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Ishaq Al-Azrami, on the authority of Jarir, on the authority of Abdul Aziz bin Rufai, on the authority of some elders from the people of Makkah, on the authority of Ibn Umar, on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ in a similar manner."
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَتَاقَةً فِيهَا شِرْكٌ فَتَمَامُ عِتْقِهِ عَلَى الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ» [25] 4919 وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَذْرَمِيِّ عَنْ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ عَنْ أَشْيَاخٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِنَحْوِهِ
[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Whoever has a servant between him and another person, then let him free him, for indeed he will stand up for him and free him."
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَبْدٌ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ آخَرَ فَأَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ فَيُعْتِقُهُ»
If a man is shared by two men, and one of them emancipates his share, a price of the slave will be fixed, not more or less, and he will be emancipated by him in case he is rich. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3947)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «إِذَا كَانَ عَبْدٌ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا فَإِنَّهُ يُقَوَّمُ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةٌ لَا وَكْسَ وَلَا شَطَطَ ثُمَّ يُعْتِقُ»
If a man is shared by two men, and one of them emancipates his share, a price of the slave will be fixed, not more or less, and he will be emancipated by him in case he is rich. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3947)
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «إِذَا كَانَ الْعَبْدُ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ لَا وَكْسَ وَلَا شَطَطَ فَيُعْطِي صَاحِبَهُ وَيُعْتِقُ»
He who gives up his share in a slave, the remaining (share) will be paid out of his riches if his riches are enough to meet the price of the slave. (Using translation from Muslim 1501h)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ أَتَمَّ مَا بَقِيَ فِي مَالِهِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ»
[Machine] The following is the translation of the passage into English:
"From the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he said, 'Whoever frees a slave with a share in his possession, the remaining wealth shall be established for him.' Al-Zuhri said, 'If he has wealth that reaches its price.'"
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ أُقِيمَ مَا بَقِيَ فِي مَالِهِ» قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ
If anyone emancipates his share in a slave, he should emancipate him completely if he has enough money to pay the full price ; but if he has none, he will be emancipated to the extent of his share. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3943)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شَيْئًا مِنْ مَمْلُوكٍ فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُهُ كُلُّهُ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ نَصِيبُهُ»
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever emancipates a slave in part ownership, then he has emancipated all of him, if the slave has the means to pay for himself, an equivalent to his value will be taken from his wealth. But if he does not have any wealth, then he should emancipate whatever he can emancipate."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي عَبْدٍ فَقَدْ أَعْتَقَ كُلَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ يُقَامُ فِي مَالِهِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ»
[Machine] The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said, "Whoever has a share in a slave, let him set him free, for he has indeed freed him. And if he has wealth, let him pay its fair value. And if he does not have wealth, then he has freed him from what he may have owed."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ شِرْكٌ فِي عَبْدٍ فَأَعْتَقَهُ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةُ عَدْلٍ فِي مَالِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ»
[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ , he said, "Whoever sets free a partner (slave) that he owns, then he has freed all of him. And if the one he set free has a share of wealth that is equivalent to its value, then it is upon him (the owner) to free him." Yahya said, "Without a doubt, this is what he said."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ كُلُّهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُهُ» قَالَ كَذَا قَالَ يَحْيَى بِلَا شَكٍّ
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever sets free his share of a slave, and he has sufficient wealth to set him free completely by paying the price of the slave, then he should set him free with his own wealth."' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 4699)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ مِنْ مَالِهِ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever frees a slave that he co-owns, then he has freed all of him if the partner (co-owner) has enough money to cover his share, and a fair price will be set for him and paid to his partners, and his path will be left open."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي عَبْدٍ فَقَدْ أَعْتَقَ كُلَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ لِلَّذِي أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ يُقَامُ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَيَدْفَعُ إِلَى شُرَكَائِهِ أَنْصِبَاءَهُمْ وَيُخَلَّى سَبِيلُهُ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Whichever man has a share in the ownership of a slave, and he buys out his share, and he has enough wealth to pay the equivalent value of his partners' shares, then he guarantees their shares and frees the slave."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ شِرْكٌ فِي عَبْدٍ فَأَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ مِنْهُ وَلَهُ مَالٌ مَا يَبْلُغُ قِيمَةَ أَنْصِبَاءِ شُرَكَائِهِ فَإِنَّهُ يَضْمَنُ لِشُرَكَائِهِ أَنْصِبَاءَهُمْ وَيُعْتِقُ الْعَبْدَ»
[Machine] He said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, 'Any slave who has partners, and one of them frees his share, then he will be established in the wealth of the one who freed him with a just value, and he will be freed if his wealth reaches that.'"
أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «أَيُّمَا مَمْلُوكٍ كَانَ بَيْنَ شُرَكَاءَ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُقَامُ فِي مَالِ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَيُعْتِقُ إِنْ بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مَالَهُ»
[Machine] "Whoever frees a share of a slave, he shall have a share of the wealth equivalent to its value, and it is incumbent upon him to free it completely."
«مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ قَدْرُ ثَمَنِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ كُلَّهُ»
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever sets free his share of a slave, and he has sufficient wealth to set him free completely by paying the price of the slave, then he should set him free with his own wealth."' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 4699)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ بِقِيمَةِ الْعَدْلِ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ مِنْ مَالِهِ»
[Machine] Narrated from the Prophet ﷺ, he said, "Whoever frees a slave from his owned property and has enough wealth to cover its value, then he is a freer. And perhaps he said, 'And if he does not have wealth, then he has freed from him what he has freed.' And perhaps he did not say it, and my greatest assumption is that it is something said by Nafi' before him."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ وَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ بِقِيمَةِ الْعَدْلِ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ» وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ «وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ» وَرُبَّمَا لَمْ يَقُلْهُ وَأَكْبَرُ ظَنِّي أَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ يَقُولُهُ نَافِعٌ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ
"Whoever frees a portion" or, he said: "a part" or he said: "a share he owns of a slave, then he can afford the remainder of the price according to the reasonable price, then he will be free. Otherwise he has freed as much as he has freed (only)." Ayyub (one of the narrators) said: "Perhaps Nafi said in this Hadith: 'Meaning he has freed as much of him as he has freed.'" (Using translation from Tirmidhī 1346)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ أَوْ قَالَ شِقْصًا أَوْ قَالَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ وَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ قَالَ أَيُّوبُ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ نَافِعٌ هَذَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَرُبَّمَا لَمْ يَقُلْهُ فَلَا أَدْرِي هُوَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَمْ قَالَ نَافِعٌ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ يَعْنِي قَوْلَهُ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ
If anyone emancipates his share ina slave and has enough money to pay the full price for him, a fair price for the slave should be fixed, his partners given their shares, and the slave be thus emancipated, otherwise he is emancipated only to the extent of the first man's share. (Using translation from Muslim 1501a)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةُ الْعَبْدِ فَأُعْطِيَ شُرَكَاؤُهُ حِصَصَهُمْ وَعُتِقَ الْعَبْدُ وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ عُتِقَ مِنْهُ مَا عُتِقَ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever frees a portion of a person, he is responsible to free what remains. If he does not have money, then he is allowed to do what he can."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا فِي إِنْسَانٍ كُلِّفَ عِتْقَ مَا بَقِيَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ فَقَدْ جَازَ مَا صَنَعَ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever frees a portion for him in a person, he is obligated to free what remains. But if he does not have anything to free, then what he has done is permissible."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي إِنْسَانٍ كُلِّفَ عِتْقَ مَا بَقِيَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مَا يُعْتِقُهُ جَازَ مَا صَنَعَ»
[Machine] I heard the Prophet of Allah ﷺ saying, "Whoever emancipates a share from his slave, he will be responsible for what remains and should free him." And Nafi' said, Yahya said, "I do not know if he meant something in the past or something in the Hadith, if he did not have it, then what he did was permissible."
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ كُلِّفَ مَا بَقِيَ فَأَعْتَقَهُ» وَكَانَ نَافِعٌ يَقُولُ قَالَ يَحْيَى لَا أَدْرِي شَيْئًا كَانَ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ يَقُولُهُ أَمْ شَيْءٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ «فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ فَقَدْ جَازَ مَا صَنَعَ»
[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ , he said, "Whoever frees a slave from his own possession, and if he has wealth, we shall help him with it."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شَقِيصًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ قَوَّمْنَاهُ عَلَيْهِ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever frees a slave who has partners in ownership and fulfills their rights, he is free and guarantees the share of his partners with a value for any harm he has caused through their partnership, and the slave bears no responsibility."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا وَلَهُ فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ وَلَهُ وَفَاءٌ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ ويَضْمَنُ نَصِيبَ شُرَكَائِهِ بِقِيمَةٍ لِمَا أَسَاءَ مِنْ مُشَارَكَتِهِمْ وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ شَيْءٌ»
18.15 [Machine] The variation in the narrators' words regarding Abu Huraira's statement about that and the difference concerning Qatada in it.
١٨۔١٥ ذِكْرُ اخْتِلَافِ أَلْفَاظِ النَّقَّالِينَ لِخَبَرِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي ذَلِكَ وَالِاخْتِلَافِ عَلَى قَتَادَةَ فِيهِ
If anyone emancipates his share in a slave, he is to be completely emancipated by his money if he has money. But if he has no money, a fair price for the slave should be fixed, and the slave is required to work for his master according to the proportion of his price, but he must not be overburdened. Abu Dawud said: In the version of both the narrators the words are "he will be required to work and must not be overburdened". This is the version of 'Ali. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3938)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَخَلَاصُهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ قُوِّمَ ذَلِكَ الْعَبْدُ قِيمَةَ عَدْلِهِ وَاسْتَسْعَى فِي قِيمَتِهِ لِصَاحِبِهِ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ»
The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever manumits his share of a jointly possessed slave, it is imperative for him to get that slave manumitted completely by paying the remaining price, and if he does not have sufficient money to manumit him, then the price of the slave should be estimated justly, and he is to be allowed to work and earn the amount that will manumit him (without overburdening him)". (Using translation from Bukhārī 2492)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَعَلَيْهِ خَلَاصُهُ فِي مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ وَإِلَّا قُوِّمَ الْمَمْلُوكُ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَاسْتَسْعَى غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ»
If anyone emancipates a share in a slave, he is to be completely emancipated if he has money; but if he has none, the slave will be required to work to pay for his freedom, but must not be over-burhened. (Using translation from Muslim 1503a)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا مِنْ عَبْدٍ فَخَلَاصُهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ اسْتَسْعَى الْعَبْدُ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ»
If anyone emancipates a share in his slave, he should completely emancipate him if he has money; but if he has none, then slave will be required to work (to pay for his freedom), but he must not be overburdened. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3937)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا لَهُ مِنْ عَبْدٍ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ بَقِيَّتَهُ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ وَإِلَّا اسْتَسْعَى الْعَبْدُ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ»
The slave who is jointly owned by two persons, and is emancipated by one of them, (this one) has liability (upon him to secure complete freedom for that slave). (Using translation from Muslim 1502)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «فِي الْمَمْلُوكِ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَيُعْتِقُ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ» قَالَ يَضْمَنُ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever sets free a share for himself from a slave, should set him free from his own wealth if he has it."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ مِنْ مَمْلُوكٍ عَتَقَ مِنْ مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ»
[Machine] "Whoever frees a slave from his own wealth has indeed freed him if he possesses wealth."
«مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شَقِيصًا مِنْ مَمْلُوكٍ عَتَقَ مِنْ مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ»
18.16 [Machine] The mention of the hadith of Tahlib in it.
١٨۔١٦ ذِكْرُ حَدِيثِ التَّلِبِّ فِيهِ
[Machine] That a man "freed a share for himself in a slave, and the Prophet ﷺ did not confirm it."
أَنَّ رَجُلًا «أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَلَمْ يُضَمِّنْهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ»
18.17 [Machine] The mention of the servant is for the man so he may free part of it.
١٨۔١٧ ذِكْرُ الْعَبْدِ يَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ فَيُعْتِقُ بَعْضَهُ
[Machine] A man from this crowd set a slave free, so the Prophet ﷺ approved his act of freeing the slave and said, "There is no partner for Allah."
أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ أَعْتَقَ شَقِيصًا مِنْ مَمْلُوكٍ فَأَجَازَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عِتْقَهُ وَقَالَ «لَيْسَ لِلَّهِ شَرِيكٌ»
[Machine] That a man freed his slave who was a skilled artisan, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made his freedom the man's exclusive possession of his wealth and said, "Indeed, there is no partner with Allah."
أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ شَقِيصًا لَهُ مِنْ عَبْدٍ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَلَاصَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَقَالَ «إِنَّهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لِلَّهِ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ freed slaves with his money if he had it and he said, "Allah has no partner."
رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُعْتِقَ مِنْ مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَقَالَ وَلَيْسَ لِلَّهِ شَرِيكٌ
[Machine] A man from the Ansar freed six slaves upon his death, and he did not have any wealth other than them. So the Prophet ﷺ divided them into three parts. He freed two of them and kept the other four as his own slaves. He said, "If I had witnessed him before he was buried, he would not have been buried in the Muslim graveyards."
أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةً مَمْلُوكِينَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرَهُمْ فَجَزَّأَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً وَقَالَ «لَوْ شَهِدْتُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْفَنَ لَمْ يُدْفَنْ فِي مَقَابِرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ»
18.18 [Machine] Freedom in sickness
١٨۔١٨ الْعِتْقُ فِي الْمَرَضِ
A man who had no other property emancipated six slaves of his at the time of the death. When the Prophet ﷺ was informed about it, he spoke severely of him. He then called them, divided them into three sections, cast lots among them, and emancipated two and kept four in slavery. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3958)
أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ أَعْبُدٍ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرَهُمْ فَبَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ فِيهِ قَوْلًا شَدِيدًا ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ فَجَزَّأَهُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ «فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً»
a man freed six slaves of his when he was dying, and he did not have any wealth apart from them. News of that reached the Prophet and he was angry about that. He said: "I was thinking of not offering the funeral prapyer for him." Then he called the slaves and divided them into three groups. He cast lost among them, then freed two and left four as slaves. (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1958)
أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةً مَمْلُوكِينَ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرَهُمْ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَغَضِبَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ «قَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ لَا أُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ» ثُمَّ دَعَا مَمْلُوكَيْهِ فَجَزَّأَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ ثُمَّ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ «فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً»