18. Emancipation of Slaves
١٨۔ كِتَابُ الْعِتْقِ
«إِذَا أَدَّى النِّصْفَ فَهُوَ غَرِيمٌ»
“Any slave who has made a contract to buy his freedom for one hundread Uqiyyah and pays it all except ten Uqiyyah; he is still a slave.” (One Uqiyyah is equal to 40 Dirham.) (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2519)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ كُوتِبَ عَلَى مِائَةِ وُقِيَّةٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَّا عَشْرَ أَوَاقٍ ثُمَّ عَجَزَ فَهُوَ رَقِيقٌ»
On his father's authority, told that his grandfather reported the Prophet ﷺ said: If any slave entered into an agreement to buy his freedom for one hundred uqiyahs and he pays them all but ten, he remains a slave (until he pays the remaining ten); and if a slave entered into an agreement to purchase his freedom for one hundred dinars, and he pays them all but ten dinars, he remains a slave (until he pays the remaining ten). Abu Dawud said: This narrator 'Abbas al-Jariri is not the same person. They said: It is misunderstanding. He is some other narrator. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3927)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ كَاتَبَ عَلَى مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَّا عَشَرَةَ دَنَانِيرَ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ وَأَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ كَاتَبَ عَلَى مِائَةِ وَقِيَّةٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَّا عَشْرَ أَوَاقٍ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ» الْعَلَاءُ الْجُرَيْرِيُّ كَذَا قَالَ
On his father's authority, told that his grandfather reported the Prophet ﷺ said: If any slave entered into an agreement to buy his freedom for one hundred uqiyahs and he pays them all but ten, he remains a slave (until he pays the remaining ten); and if a slave entered into an agreement to purchase his freedom for one hundred dinars, and he pays them all but ten dinars, he remains a slave (until he pays the remaining ten). Abu Dawud said: This narrator 'Abbas al-Jariri is not the same person. They said: It is misunderstanding. He is some other narrator. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3927)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ كَاتَبَ عَلَى مِئَةِ أُوقِيَّةٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَّا عَشْرَةَ أَوَاقٍ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ وَأَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ كَاتَبَ عَلَى مِئَةِ دِينَارٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَّا عَشْرَةَ دَنَانِيرٍ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ
[Machine] O Messenger of Allah, we hear from you narrations. Can we write them down? He said, "Yes." So, the first thing that was written was the book of the Prophet ﷺ to the people of Makkah: it is not permissible to have two conditions in one sale, nor a sale and a loan altogether, nor a sale of something that is not guaranteed. And whoever owes a hundred dirhams, he should repay them except for ten dirhams, then he is a slave, or on a hundred and ten dirhams, he should repay them except for two dirhams, then he is a slave.
يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّا نَسْمَعُ مِنْكَ أَحَادِيثًا أَفَتَأْذَنُ لَنَا أَنْ نَكْتُبَهَا؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا كُتِبَ كِتَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ لَا يَجُوزُ شَرْطَانِ فِي بَيْعٍ وَاحِدٍ وَلَا بَيْعٍ وَسَلَفٍ جَمِيعًا وَلَا بَيْعِ مَا لَمْ يُضْمَنْ وَمَنْ كَانَ مُكَاتَبًا عَلَى مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَقَضَاهَا إِلَّا عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ أَوْ عَلَى مِائَةِ وَقِيَّةٍ فَقَضَاهَا إِلَّا أُوقِيَّتَيْنِ فَهُوَ عَبْدٌ