18. Emancipation of Slaves
١٨۔ كِتَابُ الْعِتْقِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever emancipates a slave of his, it is guaranteed that he will be in the company of his companions."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ ضَمِنَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ أَنْصِبَاءَهُمْ»
[Machine] On the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who said: "Yes, he said, 'Whoever frees a slave with whom he has entered into a partnership, his complete freedom is upon the one who freed him.' [25] 4919 And on the authority of Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Ishaq Al-Azrami, on the authority of Jarir, on the authority of Abdul Aziz bin Rufai, on the authority of some elders from the people of Makkah, on the authority of Ibn Umar, on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ in a similar manner."
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَتَاقَةً فِيهَا شِرْكٌ فَتَمَامُ عِتْقِهِ عَلَى الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ» [25] 4919 وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَذْرَمِيِّ عَنْ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ عَنْ أَشْيَاخٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِنَحْوِهِ
[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Whoever has a servant between him and another person, then let him free him, for indeed he will stand up for him and free him."
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَبْدٌ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ آخَرَ فَأَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ فَيُعْتِقُهُ»
If a man is shared by two men, and one of them emancipates his share, a price of the slave will be fixed, not more or less, and he will be emancipated by him in case he is rich. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3947)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «إِذَا كَانَ عَبْدٌ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا فَإِنَّهُ يُقَوَّمُ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةٌ لَا وَكْسَ وَلَا شَطَطَ ثُمَّ يُعْتِقُ»
If a man is shared by two men, and one of them emancipates his share, a price of the slave will be fixed, not more or less, and he will be emancipated by him in case he is rich. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3947)
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «إِذَا كَانَ الْعَبْدُ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ لَا وَكْسَ وَلَا شَطَطَ فَيُعْطِي صَاحِبَهُ وَيُعْتِقُ»
He who gives up his share in a slave, the remaining (share) will be paid out of his riches if his riches are enough to meet the price of the slave. (Using translation from Muslim 1501h)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ أَتَمَّ مَا بَقِيَ فِي مَالِهِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ»
[Machine] The following is the translation of the passage into English:
"From the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he said, 'Whoever frees a slave with a share in his possession, the remaining wealth shall be established for him.' Al-Zuhri said, 'If he has wealth that reaches its price.'"
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ أُقِيمَ مَا بَقِيَ فِي مَالِهِ» قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ
If anyone emancipates his share in a slave, he should emancipate him completely if he has enough money to pay the full price ; but if he has none, he will be emancipated to the extent of his share. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3943)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شَيْئًا مِنْ مَمْلُوكٍ فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُهُ كُلُّهُ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ نَصِيبُهُ»
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever emancipates a slave in part ownership, then he has emancipated all of him, if the slave has the means to pay for himself, an equivalent to his value will be taken from his wealth. But if he does not have any wealth, then he should emancipate whatever he can emancipate."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي عَبْدٍ فَقَدْ أَعْتَقَ كُلَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ يُقَامُ فِي مَالِهِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ»
[Machine] The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said, "Whoever has a share in a slave, let him set him free, for he has indeed freed him. And if he has wealth, let him pay its fair value. And if he does not have wealth, then he has freed him from what he may have owed."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ شِرْكٌ فِي عَبْدٍ فَأَعْتَقَهُ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةُ عَدْلٍ فِي مَالِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ»
[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ , he said, "Whoever sets free a partner (slave) that he owns, then he has freed all of him. And if the one he set free has a share of wealth that is equivalent to its value, then it is upon him (the owner) to free him." Yahya said, "Without a doubt, this is what he said."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ كُلُّهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُهُ» قَالَ كَذَا قَالَ يَحْيَى بِلَا شَكٍّ
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever sets free his share of a slave, and he has sufficient wealth to set him free completely by paying the price of the slave, then he should set him free with his own wealth."' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 4699)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ مِنْ مَالِهِ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever frees a slave that he co-owns, then he has freed all of him if the partner (co-owner) has enough money to cover his share, and a fair price will be set for him and paid to his partners, and his path will be left open."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي عَبْدٍ فَقَدْ أَعْتَقَ كُلَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ لِلَّذِي أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ يُقَامُ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَيَدْفَعُ إِلَى شُرَكَائِهِ أَنْصِبَاءَهُمْ وَيُخَلَّى سَبِيلُهُ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Whichever man has a share in the ownership of a slave, and he buys out his share, and he has enough wealth to pay the equivalent value of his partners' shares, then he guarantees their shares and frees the slave."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ شِرْكٌ فِي عَبْدٍ فَأَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ مِنْهُ وَلَهُ مَالٌ مَا يَبْلُغُ قِيمَةَ أَنْصِبَاءِ شُرَكَائِهِ فَإِنَّهُ يَضْمَنُ لِشُرَكَائِهِ أَنْصِبَاءَهُمْ وَيُعْتِقُ الْعَبْدَ»
[Machine] He said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, 'Any slave who has partners, and one of them frees his share, then he will be established in the wealth of the one who freed him with a just value, and he will be freed if his wealth reaches that.'"
أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «أَيُّمَا مَمْلُوكٍ كَانَ بَيْنَ شُرَكَاءَ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُقَامُ فِي مَالِ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَيُعْتِقُ إِنْ بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مَالَهُ»
[Machine] "Whoever frees a share of a slave, he shall have a share of the wealth equivalent to its value, and it is incumbent upon him to free it completely."
«مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ قَدْرُ ثَمَنِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ كُلَّهُ»
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever sets free his share of a slave, and he has sufficient wealth to set him free completely by paying the price of the slave, then he should set him free with his own wealth."' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 4699)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ بِقِيمَةِ الْعَدْلِ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ مِنْ مَالِهِ»
[Machine] Narrated from the Prophet ﷺ, he said, "Whoever frees a slave from his owned property and has enough wealth to cover its value, then he is a freer. And perhaps he said, 'And if he does not have wealth, then he has freed from him what he has freed.' And perhaps he did not say it, and my greatest assumption is that it is something said by Nafi' before him."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ وَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ بِقِيمَةِ الْعَدْلِ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ» وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ «وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ» وَرُبَّمَا لَمْ يَقُلْهُ وَأَكْبَرُ ظَنِّي أَنَّهُ شَيْءٌ يَقُولُهُ نَافِعٌ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ
"Whoever frees a portion" or, he said: "a part" or he said: "a share he owns of a slave, then he can afford the remainder of the price according to the reasonable price, then he will be free. Otherwise he has freed as much as he has freed (only)." Ayyub (one of the narrators) said: "Perhaps Nafi said in this Hadith: 'Meaning he has freed as much of him as he has freed.'" (Using translation from Tirmidhī 1346)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ أَوْ قَالَ شِقْصًا أَوْ قَالَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ وَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ فَهُوَ عَتِيقٌ وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ قَالَ أَيُّوبُ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ نَافِعٌ هَذَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَرُبَّمَا لَمْ يَقُلْهُ فَلَا أَدْرِي هُوَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَمْ قَالَ نَافِعٌ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ يَعْنِي قَوْلَهُ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ
If anyone emancipates his share ina slave and has enough money to pay the full price for him, a fair price for the slave should be fixed, his partners given their shares, and the slave be thus emancipated, otherwise he is emancipated only to the extent of the first man's share. (Using translation from Muslim 1501a)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةُ الْعَبْدِ فَأُعْطِيَ شُرَكَاؤُهُ حِصَصَهُمْ وَعُتِقَ الْعَبْدُ وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ عُتِقَ مِنْهُ مَا عُتِقَ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever frees a portion of a person, he is responsible to free what remains. If he does not have money, then he is allowed to do what he can."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا فِي إِنْسَانٍ كُلِّفَ عِتْقَ مَا بَقِيَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ فَقَدْ جَازَ مَا صَنَعَ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever frees a portion for him in a person, he is obligated to free what remains. But if he does not have anything to free, then what he has done is permissible."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي إِنْسَانٍ كُلِّفَ عِتْقَ مَا بَقِيَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مَا يُعْتِقُهُ جَازَ مَا صَنَعَ»
[Machine] I heard the Prophet of Allah ﷺ saying, "Whoever emancipates a share from his slave, he will be responsible for what remains and should free him." And Nafi' said, Yahya said, "I do not know if he meant something in the past or something in the Hadith, if he did not have it, then what he did was permissible."
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ كُلِّفَ مَا بَقِيَ فَأَعْتَقَهُ» وَكَانَ نَافِعٌ يَقُولُ قَالَ يَحْيَى لَا أَدْرِي شَيْئًا كَانَ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ يَقُولُهُ أَمْ شَيْءٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ «فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ فَقَدْ جَازَ مَا صَنَعَ»
[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ , he said, "Whoever frees a slave from his own possession, and if he has wealth, we shall help him with it."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شَقِيصًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ قَوَّمْنَاهُ عَلَيْهِ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever frees a slave who has partners in ownership and fulfills their rights, he is free and guarantees the share of his partners with a value for any harm he has caused through their partnership, and the slave bears no responsibility."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا وَلَهُ فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ وَلَهُ وَفَاءٌ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ ويَضْمَنُ نَصِيبَ شُرَكَائِهِ بِقِيمَةٍ لِمَا أَسَاءَ مِنْ مُشَارَكَتِهِمْ وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ شَيْءٌ»