Allah, the Exalted, prescribed prayer for you, through the tongue of your Prophet ﷺ, four rak'ahs while resident, two rak'ahs while travelling and one rak'ah in time of danger. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1247)  

«فَرَضَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَعَلَا الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّكُمْ ﷺ فِي الْحَضَرِ أَرْبَعًا وَفِي السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَفِي الْخَوْفِ رَكْعَةً»  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them in offering the fear prayer. One row stood in front of him and another row stood behind him. He led those who were behind in prayer, bowing once and prostrating twice, then they moved forward until they took the place of their companions, and the others came and took their place, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them in prayer, bowing once and prostrating twice, then he said the taslim, so the Prophet ﷺ had prayed two rak'ahs and they had prayed one. (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1545)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «صَلَّى بِهِمْ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ فَقَامَ صَفٌّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَصَفٌّ خَلْفَهُ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً وَسَجْدَتَيْنِ وَجَاءَ أُولَئِكَ حَتَّى قَامُوا فَقَامَ هَؤُلَاءِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَكْعَةً وَسَجْدَتَيْنِ» فَكَانَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَكْعَتَانِ وَلَهُمْ رَكْعَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ  

[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed a prayer and it was followed by another prayer against the enemy. Then he prayed two units of prayer with them and they went to join their brothers. Others came and he prayed two units of prayer with them and then he concluded with the prayer's ending. So, the Prophet ﷺ performed two units of prayer and each group performed one unit of prayer."  

«صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَصَفٌّ خَلْفَهُ وَصَفٌّ بِإِزَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ ذَهَبُوا إِلَى مَصَافِّ إِخْوَانِهِمْ وَجَاءَ الْآخَرُونَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ فَكَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَكْعَتَانِ وَلِكُلِّ طَائِفَةٍ رَكْعَةٌ»  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed at Dhi Qarad and the people formed two rows behind him, one row behind him and one row facing the enemy. He led those who were behind him in praying one rak'ah, then they went and took the place of the others, and the others came and he led them in praying one rak'ah, and they did not make it up. (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1533)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «صَلَّى بِذِي قَرَدٍ فَصَفَّ النَّاسُ خَلْفَهُ صَفَّيْنِ صَفٌّ خَلْفَهُ وَصَفٌّ مُوَازِي الْعَدُوِّ فَصَلَّى بِالصَّفِّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ رَجَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى مَصَافِّ هَؤُلَاءِ وَجَاءَ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى مَصَافِّ هَؤُلَاءِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً وَلَمْ يَقْضُوا»  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was camping between Dajnan and 'Usfan, besieging the idolaters. The idolaters said: 'These people have a prayer that is dearer to them than their sons and daughters. Plan it, then strike them with a single heavy blow.' Jibril, peace be upon him, came and told the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to divide his companions into two groups, then lead one group in prayer while the others faced the enemy, on guard and with weapons at the ready. So he led them in praying one rak'ah, then they moved back and the others moved forward, and he led them in praying on rak'ah, so that each one of them had prayed one rak'ah with the Prophet ﷺ and the Prophet ﷺ had prayed two rak'ahs." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1544)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَزَلَ بَيْنَ ضُجْنَانَ وَعُسْفَانَ فَحَاصَرَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَالَ فَقَالُوا إِنَّ لِهَؤُلَاءِ صَلَاةً هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ وَأَبْكَارِهِمْ يَعْنُونَ الْعَصْرَ فَأَجْمِعُوا أَمْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ مِيلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ مَيْلَةً وَاحِدَةً قَالَ فَجَاءَ جِبْرِيلُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ أَصْحَابَهُ شَطْرَيْنِ وَيُصَلِّيَ بِالطَّائِفَةِ الْأُولَى رَكْعَةً وَيَأْخُذُ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى حِذْرَهُمْ وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ فَإِذَا صَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً تَأَخَّرُوا وَتَقَدَّمَ الْآخَرُونَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً وَأَخَذَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْآخَرُونَ حِذْرَهُمْ وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ فَكَانَتْ لِكُلِّ طَائِفَةٍ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَكْعَةٌ رَكْعَةٌ «  

[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the prayer of fear with the same sections. A group of people stood behind him and another group stood in the face of the enemy. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Greatest) and the group behind him also said Allahu Akbar. They then performed the ruku (bowing) and sujud (prostration) and raised their heads along with him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained seated and the group behind him prostrated for themselves for the second time. Then they stood up and walked backward until they were behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Another group then stood behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and they said Allahu Akbar. They performed ruku and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the second sujud and they also prostrated with him. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up from his rakah (unit of prayer) and they also prostrated for themselves for the second time. Then both groups stood together behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he performed a rakah with them, and they all performed ruku and sujud together. They raised their heads along with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as he did everything very quickly. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said the salaam (salutation) and they also saluted. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up, with people joining him in all of his prayers."  

«صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ بِذَاتِ الرِّقَاعِ» قَالَتْ «فَصَدَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ صَدْعَيْنِ فَصَفَّتْ طَائِفَةٌ وَرَاءَهُ وَقَامَتْ طَائِفَةٌ وِجَاهَ الْعَدُوِّ» قَالَتْ «فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَبَّرَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّذِينَ صَفُّوا خَلْفَهُ ثُمَّ رَكَعُوا وَرَكَعُوا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدُوا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَرَفَعُوا ثُمَّ مَكَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَالِسًا وَسَجَدُوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمِ السَّجْدَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ ثُمَّ قَامُوا فَنَكَصُوا عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ يَمْشُونَ الْقَهْقَرَى حَتَّى قَامُوا مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ وَأَقْبَلَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى فَصَفُّوا خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَبِّرُوا ثُمَّ رَكَعُوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ السَّجْدَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ فَسَجَدُوا مَعَهُ ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ رَكْعَتِهِ وَسَجَدُوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمِ السَّجْدَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ ثُمَّ قَامَتِ الطَّائِفَتَانِ جَمِيعًا فَصَفُّوا خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَكَعَ بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فَسَجَدُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَرَفَعُوا مَعَهُ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَرِيعًا جِدًّا لَا يَأْلُو أَنْ يُخَفِّفَ مَا اسْتَطَاعَ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَلَّمُوا ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ شَرَكَهُ النَّاسُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ كُلِّهَا»  

It was narrated from Jabir bin ‘Abdullah that the Prophet ﷺ led his Companions in the fear prayer. He led them all in bowing, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the row nearest him prostrated, and the others stood up, then when he stood up, they prostrated twice by themselves. Then the front row moved back and took their place, and they moved forward until they formed the front row. Then the Prophet ﷺ led them all in bowing, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the row nearest to him prostrated, and when they raised their heads, the others prostrated twice. So all of them bowed with the Prophet ﷺ and some of them prostrated by themselves, and the enemy was in the direction of the Qiblah. (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1260)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «صَلَّى بِأَصْحَابِهِ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ فَرَكَعَ بِهِمَا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلُونَهُ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ حَتَّى نَهَضَ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ أُولَئِكَ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تَأَخَّرَ الصَّفُّ الْمُتَقَدِّمُ فَرَكَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُ فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ سَجَدَ أُولَئِكَ سَجْدَتَيْنِ كُلُّهُمْ قَدْ رَكَعَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَسَجَدَتْ لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَكَانَ الْعَدُوُّ مِمَّا يَلِي الْقِبْلَةَ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ was in Usfan while the polytheists were in Dujnan. When the Prophet ﷺ performed the Dhuhr prayer, the polytheists saw him bowing and prostrating, so they decided to change their direction. When the Asr prayer approached, the people lined up behind him in two rows. The Prophet ﷺ then said "Allahu Akbar" and everyone following him said the same and they all bowed and prostrated. The row behind them, with their weapons in hand, stood facing the enemy. When the Prophet ﷺ raised his head from prostration, the second row also prostrated. When they raised their heads, they all bowed and prostrated. The row behind them, with their weapons in hand, stood facing the enemy. When the Prophet ﷺ raised his head from prostration, the second row also prostrated.  

«كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ بِضُجْنَانَ فَلَمَّا صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ رَآهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يَرْكَعُ وَيَسْجُدُ فَأْتَمَرُوا عَلَى أَنْ يُغِيرُوا عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الْعَصْرُ صَفَّ النَّاسُ خَلْفَهُ صَفَّيْنِ فَكَبَّرَ وَكَبَّرُوا جَمِيعًا وَرَكَعَ وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا وَسَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُ وَقَامَ الصَّفُّ الثَّانِي بِسِلَاحِهِمْ مُقْبِلِينَ عَلَى الْعَدُوِّ بِوُجُوهِهِمْ فَلَمَّا رَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَأْسَهُ سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الثَّانِي فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ رَكَعَ وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا وَسَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُ وَقَامَ الصَّفُّ الثَّانِي بِسِلَاحِهِمْ مُقْبِلِينَ عَلَى الْعَدُوِّ بِوُجُوهِهِمْ فَلَمَّا رَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَأْسَهُ سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الثَّانِي  

[Machine] "We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Usfan, and Khalid ibn Al-Walid was guarding against the pagans. We prayed the noon prayer and the pagans said, 'They were in such a state that if we had wanted, we would have attacked them by surprise, or we would have attacked them while they were unaware.' Then the verse was revealed about shortening the prayer between noon and afternoon. So the people took up their weapons and lined up behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , with one row facing the enemy and the other row facing them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made the takbeer and they all made the takbeer. He performed the rukoo' and they all performed the rukoo', then he raised his head and they all raised theirs. He performed the sujood and the row behind him also performed the sujood, while the others stood on guard. When those who were in sujood were finished, they prostrated, then the next row followed suit and prostrated, and they took their places again, so they all sat down. Then they all offered the salutation upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . He prayed this prayer in Usfan and prayed it another day at Bani Sulaym."  

«كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ وَعَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ فَصَلَّيْنَا الظُّهْرَ فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ لَقَدْ كَانُوا عَلَى حَالٍ لَوْ أَرَدْنَا لَأَصَبْنَاهُمْ غِرَّةً أَوْ لَأَصَبْنَاهُمْ غَفْلَةً قَالَ فَأُنْزِلَتْ آيَةُ الْقَصْرِ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ السِّلَاحَ وَصَفُّوا خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَفَّيْنِ مُسْتَقْبِلِي الْعَدُوِّ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ مُسْتَقْبِلَوهُمْ فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَبَّرُوا جَمِيعًا وَرَكَعَ وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَرَفَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الْأَخَرُ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ هَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ سُجُودِهِمْ سَجَدَ هَؤُلَاءِ ثُمَّ نَكَصَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَتَقَدَّمَ الْآخَرُونَ فَقَامُوا مَقَامَهُمْ فَرَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَفَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الْآخَرُونَ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ هَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ سُجُودِهِمْ سَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ ثُمَّ اسْتَوُوا مَعَهُ فَقَعَدُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَمِيعًا صَلَّاهَا بِعُسْفَانَ وَصَلَّاهَا يَوْمَ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ»  

[Machine] He heard Jabir ibn Abdullah say, "We went on expeditions with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ against a people from Juhaynah and fought them fiercely. After we prayed the Dhuhr prayer, they said, 'If we attacked them now, we would defeat them.' Jabir said that Jibril informed the Prophet ﷺ about that, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned it to us. He said, The prayer between us and them is more beloved to them than the earlier prayer. When the time for prayer came, we formed two rows while the polytheists stood between us and the Qiblah (direction of prayer). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then made the Takbir and we made the Takbir with him. He then performed the Ruku (bowing) and we performed the Ruku with him. He then performed the Sujud (prostration) and the first row performed the Sujud with him. When he stood up from Sujud, the first row performed the Sujud, and the second row advanced and stood in the place of the first row while the first row sat back. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made the Takbir and we made the Takbir with him. He then performed the Ruku and we performed the Ruku with him. He then performed the Sujud and the first row performed the Sujud with him. He then sat down and the second row performed the Sujud. Then, they all gave Salam (peace).  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ «غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَوْمًا مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ فَقَاتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا فَلَمَّا صَلَّيْنَا الظُّهْرَ قَالُوا لَوْ مِلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ مَيْلَةً قَطَعْنَاهُمْ فَأَخْبَرَ جِبْرِيلُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ فَذَكَرَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ قَالُوا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ صَلَاةٌ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْأُولَى فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ صَفَّنَا صَفَّيْنِ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَبَّرْنَا مَعَهُ فَرَكَعَ وَرَكَعْنَا مَعَهُ وَسَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الْأَوْلُ مَعَهُ فَلَمَّا قَامَ سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الثَّانِي ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمُوا فَقَامُوا مَقَامَ الصَّفِّ الْأَوْلِ وَتَأَخَّرَ الصَّفُّ الْأَوْلُ فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَبَّرْنَا مَعَهُ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ وَرَكَعْنَا مَعَهُ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الْأَوْلُ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ قَعَدَ فَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الثَّانِي ثُمَّ جَلَسُوا جَمِيعًا فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ»  

Did you pray in time of danger with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? AbuHurayrah replied: Yes. Marwan then asked: When? AbuHurayrah said: On the occasion of the Battle of Najd. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up to offer the afternoon prayer. One section stood with him (to pray) and the other was standing before the enemy, and their backs were towards the qiblah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ uttered the takbir and all of them too uttered the takbir, i.e. those who were with him and those who were facing the enemy. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ offered one rak'ah and the section that was with him also prayed one rak'ah. He then prostrated himself and those who were with him also prostrated, while the other section was standing before the enemy. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then stood up and the section with him also stood up. They went and faced the enemy and the section that was previously facing the enemy stepped forward. They bowed and prostrated while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was standing in the same position. Then they stood up and the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon) prayed another rak'ah and all of them bowed and prostrated along with him. After that the section that was standing before the enemy came forward and they bowed and prostrated, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained seated and also those who were with him. The salutation then followed. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ uttered the salutation and all of them uttered it together. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed two rak'ahs and each of the two sections prayed one rak'ah with him (and the other by themselves). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1240)   

أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ «كُنْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي تِلْكَ الْغَزَاةِ» قَالَ «فَصَدَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ صَدْعَيْنِ قَامَتْ مَعَهُ طَائِفَةٌ وَطَائِفَةٌ أُخْرَى مِمَّا يَلِي الْعَدُوَّ وَظُهُورُهُمْ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَبَّرُوا جَمِيعًا الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ وَالَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَ الْعَدُوَّ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَكْعَةً وَاحِدَةً فَرَكَعَ مَعَهُ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي تَلِيهِ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي تَلِيهِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ مُقَابِلِي الْعَدُوِّ ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَخَذْتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي صَلَّتْ مَعَهُ أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ ثُمَّ مَشَوَا الْقَهْقَرَى عَلَى أَدْبَارِهِمْ حَتَّى قَامُوا مِمَّا يَلِي الْعَدُوَّ وَأَقْبَلَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ مُقَابَلَةَ الْعَدُوِّ فَرَكَعُوا وَسَجَدُوا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَائِمٌ كَمَا هُوَ ثُمَّ قَامُوا فَرَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى فَرَكَعُوا مَعَهُ وَسَجَدَ وَسَجَدُوا مَعَهُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تُقَابِلُ الْعَدُوَّ فَرَكَعُوا وَسَجَدُوا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَاعِدٌ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ كَانَ السَّلَامُ فَسَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَلَّمُوا جَمِيعًا فَقَامَ الْقَوْمُ وَقَدْ شَرَكُوهُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ»  

[Machine] "The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ prayed the prayer of fear with one of the two groups, performing one unit of prayer while the other group faced the enemy. Then they switched positions, and the Prophet prayed one unit of prayer with each group. He would then send them off and the groups would take their positions, facing the enemy. The Prophet ﷺ would come to each group and pray one unit of prayer with them, then he would send them off and pray one unit of prayer with the other group."  

«صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ بِإِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ رَكْعَةً وَالطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى مُوَاجِهَةُ الْعَدُوِّ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا فَقَامُوا مَقَامَ أَصْحَابِهِمْ مُقْبِلِينَ عَلَى الْعَدُوِّ وَجَاءَ أُولَئِكَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَمَضَى هَؤُلَاءِ فَقَامُوا مَقَامَ أَصْحَابِهِمْ مُقْبِلِينَ عَلَى الْعَدُوِّ وَجَاءَ أُولَئِكُ فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقَضَى هَؤُلَاءِ رَكْعَةً وَهَؤُلَاءِ رَكْعَةً»  

'Abdullah bin 'Abbas said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood and the people stood with him, and he said the takbir and they said the takbir. Then he bowed, and some of them bowed, then he prostrated and they prostrated, then he stood for the second rak'ah and those who had prostrated with him moved back and guarded their brothers, and the other group came and bowed and prostrated with the Prophet ﷺ. All the people were praying and saying the takbir, but they were guarding one another." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1534)  

«قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَامَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ فَكَبَّرَ وَكَبَّرُوا مَعَهُ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ وَرَكَعَ مَعَهُ نَاسٌ مِنْهُمْ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدُوا ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَى الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ فَتَأَخَّرَ الَّذِينَ سَجَدُوا مَعَهُ يَحْرُسُونَ إِخْوَانَهُمْ وَأَتَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى فَرَكَعُوا مَعَ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَجَدُوا وَالنَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ فِي صَلَاةٍ يُكَبِّرُونَ وَلَكِنْ يَحْرُسُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا»  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ lined them up in two rows and performed two units of prayer in the row behind, then he greeted and they lagged behind and others came forward, so he performed two units of prayer with them and then greeted. Thus, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed four units of prayer, while the Muslims performed two units of prayer each.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ «صَفَّهُمْ صَفَّيْنِ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ بِالصَّفِّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ وَتَأَخَّرُوا وَتَقَدَّمَ الْآخَرُونَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»  

[Machine] Regarding the shortening of prayers during fear, where was it revealed and where is it? He (the Prophet) said, "We went out to meet a caravan of Quraysh that had come from Syria. When we reached a palm grove, a man approached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with his sword sheathed and asked, 'Are you Muhammad?' He replied, 'Yes.' The man said, 'Do you not fear me?' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied, 'No.' The man said, 'Who can protect you from me?' He replied, 'Allah protects me from you.' The man then unsheathed his sword and threatened him. The people threatened him in return, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered the people to leave and to take up their arms. Then he called for the prayer, and a group prayed behind him while another group guarded those who faced the enemy. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed two units of prayer with the group that was with him, and the other group stood in lines behind those who had prayed with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and guarded them while facing the enemy. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed two more units of prayer with them, making four units for himself and two for his companions."  

عَنْ إِقْصَارِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي الْخَوْفِ أَيْنَ أُنْزِلَ وَأَيْنَ هُوَ؟ فَقَالَ خَرَجْنَا نَتَلَقَّى عِيرًا لِقُرَيْشٍ أَتَتْ مِنَ الشَّامِ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِنَخْلٍ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَيْفُهُ مَوْضُوعٌ فَقَالَ أَنْتَ مُحَمَّدٌ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» قَالَ أَمَا تَخَافُنِي؟ قَالَ «لَا» قَالَ فَمَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي؟ قَالَ «اللَّهُ يَمْنَعُنِي مِنْكَ» قَالَ فَسَلَّ سَيْفَهُ وَتَهَدَّدَهُ الْقَوْمُ وَأَوْعَدُوهُ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ بِالرَّحِيلِ وَبِأَخْذِ السِّلَاحِ ثُمَّ نَادَى بِالصَّلَاةِ فَصَلَّتْ طَائِفَةٌ خَلْفَهُ وَطَائِفَةٌ تَحْرُسُ مُقْبِلِينَ عَلَى الْعَدُوِّ فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالطَّائِفَةِ الَّتِي مَعَهُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَأَقْبَلَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى فَقَامَتْ فِي مَصَافِّ الَّذِينَ صَلَّوْا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَحَرَسَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّذِينَ صَلَّوْا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُمْ مُقْبِلُونَ عَلَى الْعَدُوِّ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَصَارَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعًا وَلِأَصْحَابِهِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ fought a battle against a group of people near a date palm tree. Some Muslims saw a young man from among them and he was called Awf bin Harith or Gawrath bin Harith. He came and stood over the head of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with a sword. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked him, "Who can stop you from me?" He replied, "Allah." Thereupon, the sword slipped from his hand. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took the sword and asked him, "Who can stop you from me?" He replied, "Be better than me." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked him, "Do you bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah?" He replied, "No, but I make a condition with you that I will not fight against you nor will I be with those who fight against you." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ let him go and he returned to his companions saying, "I came to you from the best of people." When it was noon or afternoon, Abu 'Uwanah doubted and the Prophet ﷺ ordered the prayer of fear. So the people were divided into two groups: one group facing the enemy and another group praying with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . The group with him prayed two units of prayer and then left, occupying the positions of the first group. Then the first group came and they prayed two units of prayer with the Prophet ﷺ . Thus, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed four units of prayer, while the people performed two units of prayer.  

قَاتَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُحَارِبَ خَصَفَةَ بِنَخْلٍ فَرَأَوْا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ غِرَّةً فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَوْفُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ أَوْ غَوْرَثُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ حَتَّى قَامَ عَلَى رَأْسِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَالَ مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي؟ قَالَ «اللَّهُ» قَالَ فَسَقَطَ السَّيْفُ مِنْ يَدِهِ فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ السَّيْفَ فَقَالَ لَهُ «مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي» قَالَ كُنَّ خَيْرًا مِنِّي قَالَ «تَشَهَّدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ؟ » قَالَ لَا وَلَكِنْ أُعَاهِدُكَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا أُقَاتِلَكَ وَلَا أَكُونَ مَعَ قَوْمٍ يُقَاتِلُونَكَ قَالَ فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ فَجَاءَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ جِئْتُكُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ خَيْرِ النَّاسِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ عِنْدَ الظُّهْرِ أَوِ الْعَصْرِ شَكَّ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِصَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ قَالَ فَكَانَ النَّاسُ طَائِفَتَيْنِ طَائِفَةً بِإِزَاءِ الْعَدُوِّ وَطَائِفَةً يُصَلُّونَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى بِالطَّائِفَةِ الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا فَكَانُوا مَكَانَ أُولَئِكَ وَجَاءَ أُولَئِكَ فَصَلَّوْا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَكَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَلِلْقَوْمِ رَكْعَتَانِ  

[Machine] "We accompanied the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until we reached a place called "Al-Riqāʿ", when the call for prayer was made, a congregational prayer was established. The Prophet ﷺ then prayed two rak'ahs with a group, and they delayed the prayer and he prayed two rak'ahs with another group. Thus, the total for the Prophet ﷺ was four rak'ahs, and for the people it was two rak'ahs."  

«أَقْبَلْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى إِذْ كُنَّا بِذَاتِ الرِّقَاعِ نُودِيَ الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةٌ فَصَلَّى بِطَائِفَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تَأَخَّرُوا وَصَلَّى بِالطَّائِفَةِ الْأُخْرَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَلِلْقَوْمِ رَكْعَتَانِ»  

[Machine] He said, "In the prayer of fear, a group stands behind the imam and another group behind them. The imam prays with those behind him one unit of prayer and two prostrations, then he sits in his place until they complete one unit of prayer and two prostrations, then they move to the place of their companions. Then their companions move to their place and he prays with them one unit of prayer and two prostrations, then he sits in his place until they complete one unit of prayer and two prostrations, then he says the salutation."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ «فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ تَقُومُ طَائِفَةٌ وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ وَطَائِفَةٌ خَلْفَهُ فَيُصَلِّي بِالَّذِينَ خَلْفَهُ رَكْعَةً وَسَجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يَقْعُدُ مَكَانَهُ حَتَّى يَقْضُوا رَكْعَةً وَسَجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يَتَحَوَّلُونَ إِلَى مَكَانِ أَصْحَابِهِمْ ثُمَّ يَتَحَوَّلُ أَصْحَابُهُمْ إِلَى مَكَانِ هَؤُلَاءِ فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً وَسَجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يَقْعُدُ مَكَانَهُ حَتَّى يُصَلُّوا رَكْعَةً وَسَجْدَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ»  

This tradition has also been transmitted by Mu’adh through a different chain of narrators to the same effect. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1577)  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَ هَذَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

"In the prayer of fear, the Imam stands and a group of people stand with him. They all prostrate in one prostration. Another group stays between them and the enemy. Then those who have prostrated with the Imam leave and take the place of those who have not prayed. Those newcomers pray with their Imam in one prostration. Then their Imam leaves and each person from the two groups prays with their own prayer, one prostration. If the fear is more severe than that, then men or riders should do the same."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ يَقُومُ الْإِمَامِ وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَعَهُ فَيَسْجُدُونَ سَجْدَةً وَاحِدَةً وَتَكُونُ طَائِفَةٌ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْعَدُوِّ ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُ الَّذِينَ سَجَدُوا سَجْدَةً مَعَ الْإِمَامِ وَيَكُونَونَ مَكَانَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُصَلُّوا وَيَجِيءُ أُولَئِكَ فَيُصَلُّونَ مَعَ إِمَامِهِمْ سَجْدَةً وَاحِدَةً ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُ إِمَامُهُمْ فَيُصَلِّي كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ بِصَلَاتِهِ سَجْدَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِنْ كَانَ خَوْفًا أَشَدَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَرِجَالًا أَوْ رُكْبَانًا»  

[Machine] Regarding the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the prayer of fear, he said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up, and a group of people stood behind him, and another group stood behind the ones behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , sitting down with their faces turned towards the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ raised his voice in Takbeer, and the two groups following him also raised their voices in Takbeer. He performed two Rak'ahs, and the group behind him performed one Rak'ah while sitting, and the other group also sat down. Then he prostrated, and they also prostrated, while the others remained seated. Then he stood up, and they stood up, and they turned around until they were in the place of their companions who were sitting. Then the other group came and he prayed one Rak'ah with them, and they prostrated twice, while the others remained seated. Then he greeted them, and the two groups stood up, and each group prayed a Rak'ah and prostrated."  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ قَالَ «قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الَّتِي خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قُعُودٌ وَوُجُوهُهُمْ كُلُّهُمْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَبَّرَتِ الطَّائِفَتَانِ فَرَكَعَ وَرَكَعَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي خَلْفَهُ وَالْأُخْرَى قُعُودٌ ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدُوا أَيْضًا وَالْآخَرُونَ قُعُودٌ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَقَامُوا وَنَكَصُوا خَلْفَهُمْ حَتَّى كَانُوا مَكَانَ أَصْحَابِهِمْ قُعُودًا وَأَتَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً وَسَجْدَتَيْنِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قُعُودٌ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ فَقَامَتِ الطَّائِفَتَانِ كِلْتَاهُمَا فَصَلُّوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ رَكْعَةً وَسَجْدَتَيْنِ»  

[Machine] That Umar ibn Al-Khattab came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the night of the trench and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I almost missed praying Asr until the sun was about to set, and this was after the fasting person had broken his fast." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "By Allah, we have not prayed it yet." He then descended to Buthan, and I was with him, and he performed ablution and prayed Asr after the sun had set and after the fasting person had broken his fast.  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ جَاءَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَيْلَةَ الْخَنْدَقِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا كِدْتُ أُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ حَتَّى كَادَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَنْ تَغْرُبَ وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَمَا أَفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ قَالَ «وَاللَّهِ مَا صَلَّيْنَاهَا بَعْدُ» قَالَ فَنَزَلَ إِلَى بُطْحَانَ وَأَنَا مَعَهُ فَتَوَضَّأَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ بَعْدَمَا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَبَعْدَمَا أَفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ  

[Machine] "We were confined during the day of the trench until it was after the sunset, that was before the engagement in fighting. When we finished the battle, and this is the saying of Allah: 'And Allah is sufficient for the believers in battle, and Allah is Exalted in Might, Wise.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded Bilal to call for prayer, so he performed the Zuhr prayer as he used to pray it at its time. Then he performed the Asr prayer as he used to pray it at its time. Then he performed the Maghrib prayer as he used to pray it at its time."  

«حُبِسْنَا يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ حَتَّى كَانَ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ فِي الْقِتَالِ فَلَمَّا كُفِينَا الْقِتَالَ وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَلَا {وَكَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ قَوِيًّا عَزِيزًا} أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِلَالًا فَأَقَامَ الظُّهْرَ فَصَلَّى كَمَا كَانَ يُصَلِّيهَا فِي وَقْتِهَا ثُمَّ أَقَامَ الْعَصْرَ فَصَلَّاهَا كَمَا كَانَ يُصَلِّيهَا فِي وَقْتِهَا ثُمَّ أَقَامَ الْمَغْرِبَ فَصَلَّى كَمَا كَانَ يُصَلِّيهَا فِي وَقْتِهَا»  

They distracted us on the day of al-Ahzab from ʿAsr prayer, until I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ʿThey distracted us from the middle prayer, ‘Asr prayer. May Allah fill their graves and houses or stomachs with fire.” (Using translation from Aḥmad 1036)   

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ «شَغَلُونَا عَنِ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ مَلَأَ اللَّهُ قُبُورَهُمْ وَبُيُوتَهُمْ نَارًا» قَالَ وَلَمْ يُصَلِّهَا يَوْمَئِذٍ حَتَّى غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ