“We find (mention of) the prayer of the resident and the prayer in a state of fear in the Qur’an, but we do not find any mention of the prayer of the traveler. ‘Abdullah said to him: “Allah sent Muhammad ﷺ to us, and we did not know anything, rather we do what we saw Muhammad ﷺ doing.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1066)   

لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ «ابْنَ أَخِي إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَلَا بَعَثَ إِلَيْنَا مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ وَلَا نَعْلَمُ شَيْئًا فَإِنَّمَا نَفْعَلُ كَمَا رَأَيْنَاهُ يَفْعَلُ»  

The prayer was prescribed as consisting of two rak'ahs both when one was resident and when travelling. The prayer while travelling was left according to the original prescription and the prayer of one who was resident was enhanced. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1198)  

أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ «فُرِضَتِ الصَّلَاةُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي الْحَضَرِ وَالسَّفَرِ فَأُقِرَّتْ صَلَاةُ السَّفَرِ وَزِيدَ فِي الْحَضَرِ»  

[Machine] She said, "The first thing that was obligated regarding prayer, whether in settled or traveling situations, is two units of prayer. Then the prayer was increased in settled situations, while it was simplified in traveling situations."  

أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ «أَوَّلُ مَا فُرِضَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فِي الْحَضَرِ وَالسَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ زِيدَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْحَضَرِ وَأُقِرَّتْ فِي السَّفَرِ»  

[Machine] "The prayers for traveling and residing were prescribed as two units. However, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ established the prayer, he prayed four units. The Fajr prayer was left behind due to the lengthy recitation, and the Maghrib prayer was left behind because it is the odd prayer of the day."  

«فُرِضَتْ صَلَاةُ السَّفَرِ وَالْحَضَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَلَمَّا أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَكْعَتَانِ رَكْعَتَانِ وَتُرِكَتْ صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ لِطُولِ الْقِرَاءَةِ وَصَلَاةُ الْمَغْرِبِ لِأَنَّهَا وِتْرُ النَّهَارِ»  

I said to 'Umar bin al Khattab ؓ , ʿAnd when you (Muslims) travel in the land, there is no sin on you if you shorten As­Salah (the prayer) if you fear that the disbelievers may put you in trial (attack you)ʿ (al Nisa' 4:101]. But now the people are safe. He said: I wondered the same thing as you are wondering, and I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about that. He said: “It is a charity that Allah has bestowed upon you, so accept His charity.ʿ (Using translation from Aḥmad 174)   

أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَقَدْ أَمِنَ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ عَجِبْتُ مِمَّا عَجِبْتَ مِنْهُ فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ ﷺ «صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْبَلُوا صَدَقَةَ اللَّهِ»  

I said to ʿUmar bin al-Khattab. People are shortening the prayer today, and Allah says: “If you fear that the disbelievers may put you in trial (attack you)ʿ [an-Nisaʿ 4:101). But that time [i.e., time of fear] has gone, He said: I wondered the same thing as you are wondering, and I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about that. He said: ʿIt is a charity that Allah has bestowed upon you, so accept His charity.” ʿAbdur-Razzaq told us, Ibn Juraij told us I heard ʿAbdur-Rahman bin ‘Abdullah bin Abi ‘Ammar narrate... and he mentioned [the same report]. (Using translation from Aḥmad 244)   

أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ هَذَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ عَجِبْتُ مِمَّا عَجِبْتَ مِنْهُ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «هُوَ صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْبَلُوا رُخْصَتُهُ»  

[Machine] I said to Umar, "The shortcoming of people is their prayers, and indeed Allah, the Most High, has said, 'If you fear that those who disbelieve may tempt you.'" So that is gone. Umar said, "I was amazed by it until I asked the Messenger of Allah, may peace be upon him, and he said, 'It is a charity through which Allah gives you His help, so accept His charity.'"  

قُلْتُ لِعُمَرَ إِقْصَارُ النَّاسِ الصَّلَاةَ وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَعَلَا {إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا} فَقَدْ ذَهَبَ ذَاكَ فَقَالَ عَجِبْتُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْبَلُوا صَدَقَتَهُ»  

[Machine] "On the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he said, 'Indeed, Allah loves for His concessions to be granted just as He dislikes disobedience to Him.'"  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ تُؤْتَى رُخَصُهُ كَمَا يَكْرَهُ أَنْ تُؤْتَى مَعْصِيَتُهُ»  

[Machine] "I prayed Dhuhr prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Medina, four Rak'ahs, and I prayed Asr prayer with him in Dhul-Hulayfah, two Rak'ahs, and he was traveling."  

«صَلَّيْتُ الظُّهْرَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَرْبَعًا وَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ الْعَصْرَ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَكَانَ مُسَافِرًا»  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ prayed the Dhuhr prayer (noon prayer) with four units of prayer in Madinah, and he prayed the Asr prayer (afternoon prayer) with two units of prayer in Dhu al-Hulayfah. Anas reported that he heard the people shouting for the Hajj and Umrah during these prayers.  

«أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَرْبَعًا وَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ» قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَنَسٌ «وَسَمِعَهُمْ يَصْرُخُونَ بِهِمَا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ»  

I asked Anas b. Malik about the shortening of the prayer (while travelling). He said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out on a journey of three miles or three farsakh (the narrator Shu'bah doubted), he used to pray two rak'ahs. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1201)  

«كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا خَرَجَ مَسِيرَةَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَمْيَالٍ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةِ فَرَاسِخَ شُعْبَةُ الشَّاكُّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ»  

[Machine] I prayed the Dhuhr prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Medina, four units of prayer. Then, he went out on one of his journeys and prayed two units of prayer for us by the tree.  

«صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى بَعْضِ أَسْفَارِهِ فَصَلَّى لَنَا عِنْدَ الشَّجَرَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said four rak'ahs in the noon prayer while at Medina, but he offered two rak'ahs in the afternoon prayer at Dhu'l-Hulaifa. (Using translation from Muslim 690a)  

«أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَرْبَعًا وَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»  

It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that the Prophet ﷺ prayed Zuhr in Al-Madinah, four Rak'ahs, and he prayed 'Asr in Dhul-Hulaifah, two Rak'ahs. (Using translation from Nasāʾī 477)  

«أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَرْبَعًا وَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ»  

[Machine] "That the Prophet ﷺ stayed in Tabuk for twenty days, shortening the prayers."  

«أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقَامَ بِتَبُوكَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ»  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ arrived in Makkah and stayed there for seventeen nights, shortening the prayers." Ibn Abbas said, "Whoever stays for seventeen nights should shorten the prayers, and whoever stays for more should complete them."  

«أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ فَأَقَامَ بِهَا سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ» قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ «مَنْ أَقَامَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ قَصَرَ الصَّلَاةَ وَمَنْ أَقَامَ أَكْثَرَ أَتَمَّ»  

Anas bin Malik said: " We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from Al-Madinah to Makkah and he used to lead us in praying two rak'ahs until we came back." I (Yahya) said: "Did he stay in Makkah?" He (Anas) said: "Yes, we stayed there for ten days." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1452)   

«سَافَرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعْنَا» فَسَأَلْتُهُ هَلْ أَقَامَ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ أَقَمْنَا بِمَكَّةَ عَشْرًا»  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ stayed in Tabuk for twenty days, shortening the prayers."  

«أَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِتَبُوكَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ»  

[Machine] "That the Prophet ﷺ did not pray during travel before it, nor after it, whether before obligatory prayers or after them."  

«أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ لَا يُصَلِّي فِي السَّفَرِ قَبْلَهَا وَلَا بَعْدُ يُرِيدُ قَبْلَ الْفَرَائِضِ وَلَا بَعْدَهَا»  

"I went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from Al-Madinah to Mekkah, and he continued to shorten his prayers, and he stayed there for ten days." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1438)   

«خَرَجْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَقْصُرُ حَتَّى رَجَعَ وَأَقَامَ بِهَا عَشْرًا»  

"I missed the prayer in congregation when I was in Al-Batha; how do you think I should pray?" He said: "Two rak'ahs, the sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1444)  

«صَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ سُنَّةَ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ»  

[Machine] "I prayed with the Prophet ﷺ in Mecca, performing two units of prayer during the Farewell Pilgrimage, more than what people usually did, and he felt secure."  

«صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ الصَّلَوَاتِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ أَكْثَرَ مَا كَانَ النَّاسُ وَآمَنَهُ»  

[Machine] "I prayed with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ or he led us in prayer in Mina while we were in the minimum state of performing the two units of prayer."  

«صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْ صَلَّى بِنَا بِمِنًى وَنَحْنُ أَوْفَرَ مَا كُنَّا رَكْعَتَيْنِ»  

Salim b. 'Abdullah (b. 'Umar) reported on the authority of his father that Messenger of Allah ﷺ observed the prayer of a traveller, i. e. two rak'ahs in Mina, and other places; so did Abu Bakr and 'Umar, and 'Uthman too observed two rak'ahs at the beginning of his caliphate, but he then completed four. (Using translation from Muslim 694a)  

«أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى صَلَاةَ الْمُسَافِرِ بِمِنًى رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ وَعُثْمَانُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ صَدْرًا مِنْ خِلَافَتِهِ ثُمَّ أَتَمَّهَا أَرْبَعًا»