[Machine] About a man who donated money in the way of Allah, Abu Darda said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The example of the person who gives charity at the time of his death or frees a slave is like the one who gives a gift after being satisfied with his meal."  

عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ دَرَاهِمَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَثَلُ الَّذِي يَتَصَدَّقُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ أَوْ يُعْتِقُ كَالَّذِي يُهْدِي بَعْدَمَا شَبِعَ»  

[Machine] Concerning the matter of a man, Hassan advises certain things, including setting slaves free, and goes beyond one-third? He said, "It begins with freeing slaves."  

عَنْ الْحَسَنِ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي بِأَشْيَاءَ ومنهَا الْعِتْقُ فَيُجَاوِزُ الثُّلُثَ؟ قَالَ «يُبْدَأُ بِالْعِتْقِ»  

[Machine] "In the lessons"  

«بِالْحِصَصِ»  

[Machine] "Whoever makes a will or emancipates [slaves], the beneficiaries of his will and the freed ones shall both benefit. Ata' said, 'The people of Madinah precede us in emancipating slaves.'"  

«مَنْ أَوْصَى أَوْ أَعْتَقَ فَكَانَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ عَوْلٌ دَخَلَ الْعَوْلُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْعَتَاقَةِ وَأَهْلِ الْوَصِيَّةِ» قَالَ عَطَاءٌ «إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ غَلَبُونَا يَبْدَءُونَ بِالْعَتَاقَةِ قَبْلُ»  

[Machine] "In lessons"  

«بِالْحِصَصِ»  

[Machine] Regarding Al-Hasan's statement about a person who bequeaths more than a third and also has a slave to emancipate, he said, "Emancipation should be prioritized."  

عَنْ الْحَسَنِ فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ وَفِيهِ عِتْقٌ؟ قَالَ «يُبْدَأُ بِالْعِتْقِ»  

[Machine] "The giving of gifts should precede the will."  

«يُبْدَأُ بِالْعَتَاقَةِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ»  

[Machine] About Al-Hasan, regarding a man giving advice to the family of so-and-so, he said, "Their rich and their poor, their males and their females are equal."  

عَنْ الْحَسَنِ فِي رَجُلِ يُوصِي لِبَنِي فُلَانٍ قَالَ «غَنِيُّهُمْ وَفَقِيرُهُمْ وَذَكَرُهُمْ وَأُنْثَاهُمْ سَوَاءٌ»  

[Machine] "When he left a will for the people of so-and-so, male and female are equal in it."  

«إِذَا أَوْصَى لِبَنِي فُلَانٍ فَالذَّكَرُ وَالْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ»  

[Machine] The obligation is considered fulfilled, so whoever's arrows fall within its range, he is given the target's arrow as one of its own.  

«تُحْسَبُ الْفَرِيضَةُ فَمَا بَلَغَ سِهَامَهَا أُعْطِيَ الْمُوصَى لَهُ سَهْمًا كَأَحَدِهَا»  

[Machine] "If a man gives charity to some of his heirs and he is in good health, then more than half of it should be returned to the third. And if he gives half, that is permissible for him." Sa'id said, "The judges of the people of Damascus used to judge by that."  

«إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى بَعْضِ وَرَثَتِهِ وَهُوَ صَحِيحٌ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ النِّصْفِ رُدَّ إِلَى الثُّلُثِ وَإِذَا أَعْطَى النِّصْفَ جَازَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ» قَالَ سَعِيدٌ «وَكَانَ قُضَاةُ أَهْلِ دِمَشْقَ يَقْضُونَ بِذَلِكَ»  

[Machine] "The shroud is made of all possessions."  

«الْكَفَنُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ»  

[Machine] About al-Hasan regarding a man who died and left behind a value of two thousand dirhams, and he has the same amount or more. He said, "He should be buried from the money, and his debt should not be paid."  

عَنْ الْحَسَنِ فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ قِيمَةَ أَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمٍ وَعَلَيْهِ مِثْلُهَا أَوْ أَكْثَرُ قَالَ «يُكَفَّنُ مِنْهَا وَلَا يُعْطَى دَيْنُهُ»  

[Machine] "It starts with the burial shroud, then the debt, and then the will."  

«يُبْدَأُ بِالْكَفَنِ ثُمَّ الدَّيْنِ ثُمَّ الْوَصِيَّةِ»  

[Machine] "She is buried with her wealth, the husband has no share"  

«تُكَفَّنُ مِنْ مَالِهَا لَيْسَ عَلَى الزَّوْجِ شَيْءٌ»  

[Machine] "The grains and shroud are from the head of wealth."  

«الْحَنُوطُ وَالْكَفَنُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ»  

[Machine] "The shroud is made from the midst of wealth, so it is shrouded according to what he used to wear in his lifetime, then the debts are paid off, and then the remaining third is distributed."  

«الْكَفَنُ مِنْ وَسَطِ الْمَالِ فيُكَفَّنُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا كَانَ يَلْبَسُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ ثُمَّ يُخْرَجُ الدَّيْنُ ثُمَّ الثُّلُثُ»  

[Machine] "He used to say: If a man gives a testament to another man while he is absent, then he should accept his testament. But if he is present, then it is his choice whether he accepts it or not."  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ فَلْيَقْبَلْ وَصِيَّتَهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ حَاضِرًا فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ قَبِلَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ  

[Machine] Regarding the man who is recommended to another man, they said, "We choose for him to accept."  

عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُوصِي إِلَى الرَّجُلِ قَالَا «نَخْتَارُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ»  

[Machine] "When a man entrusts something to another man while he is absent, and when he comes back, if he wishes, he can accept it. If he accepts it, he cannot refuse it."  

«إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ فَإِذَا قَدِمَ فَإِنْ شَاءَ قَبِلَ فَإِذَا قَبِلَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ»  

[Machine] "If one man recommends another man, and the will is presented to him while he is absent, and he accepts it, he will not be able to go back on his word."  

«إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ فَعُرِضَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْوَصِيَّةُ وَكَانَ غَائِبًا فَقَبِلَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ»  

[Machine] "If a man gives instructions to someone while he is absent and he is dead and unaware, it is binding."  

«إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ لِإِنْسَانٍ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ وَكَانَ مَيِّتًا وَهُوَ لَا يَدْرِي فَهِيَ رَاجِعَةٌ»  

[Machine] "If a servant bequeaths a third of his wealth, a fourth of his wealth, or a fifth of his wealth, then it is considered as his entry into emancipation from that wealth."  

«إِذَا أَوْصَى لِعَبْدِهِ ثُلُثَ مَالِهِ رُبُعَ مَالِهِ خُمُسَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ مِنْ مَالِهِ دَخَلَتْهُ عَتَاقَةٌ»  

[Machine] It is said that a man's wealth is deprived of its blessings during his lifetime, but when he is near death, he gathers provisions for the dawn.  

يُقَالُ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُحْرَمُ بَرَكَةَ مَالِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ تَزَوَّدَ بِفَجْرَةٍ  

[Machine] Abdullah Al Murran said, "Moderation is important in life, but extravagance is evident at the time of death." Abu Muhammad added, "It is said that there is moderation in life and moderation at the time of death."  

عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْمُرَّانِ الْإِمْسَاكُ فِي الْحَيَاةِ وَالتَّبْذِيرُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّد «يُقَالُ مُرٌّ فِي الْحَيَاةِ وَمُرٌّ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ»  

[Machine] "If a man bequeaths to another an amount equal to his son's share, he shall not have his own share completed until it is diminished."  

«إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ لِآخَرَ بِمِثْلِ نَصِيبِ ابْنِهِ فَلَا يَتِمُّ لَهُ مِثْلُ نَصِيبِهِ حَتَّى يَنْقُصَ مِنْهُ»  

[Machine] Regarding Al-Sha'bi's statement about a man who had three sons and he appointed a man to receive an equal share as one of them if they were four, Al-Sha'bi said, "He shall be given one-fifth."  

عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ بَنِينَ فَأَوْصَى لِرَجُلٍ مِثْلَ نَصِيبِ أَحَدِهِمْ لَوْ كَانُوا أَرْبَعَةً قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ «يُعْطَى الْخُمُسَ»  

[Machine] About a man who left behind two sons and he advised to give an equal share to one of them if they were three, he said, "Advise to give a quarter."  

عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ ابْنَيْنِ وَأَوْصَى بِمِثْلِ نَصِيبِ أَحَدِهِمْ لَوْ كَانُوا ثَلَاثَةً قَالَ «أَوْصَى بِالرُّبُعِ»  

[Machine] In a man who specified a share similar to that of some of the heirs, he said, "It is not permissible, even if it is less than a third." Abu Muhammad said, "It is good."  

فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِمِثْلِ نَصِيبِ بَعْضِ الْوَرَثَةِ قَالَ «لَا يَجُوزُ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ» قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّد «هُوَ حَسَنٌ»  

[Machine] Regarding Sha'biyy on a man who left a dirham as a will for his slave's debt, and the debt amounts to six dirhams, he said, "He will receive one-sixth of it."  

عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى فِي غَلَّةِ عَبْدِهِ بِدِرْهَمٍ وَغَلَّتُهُ سِتَّةٌ قَالَ «لَهُ سُدُسُهُ»  

[Machine] I heard Sufyan saying, "If I assign one hundred Dirhams to an heir and to a non-heir, I think it is better to nullify both."  

سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ يَقُولُ إِذَا أَقَرَّ لِوَارِثٍ وَلِغَيْرِ وَارِثٍ بِمِئَةِ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ أَرَى أَنْ أُبْطِلَهُمَا جَمِيعًا  

[Machine] And Al-Hasan said, "The most deserving of what is permitted to him is on his deathbed, the first day of the Hereafter, and the last day of the worldly life."  

وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ «أَحَقُّ مَا جَازَ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ أَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الْآخِرَةِ وَآخِرَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الدُّنْيَا»  

[Machine] "It is not permissible for an heir to make a will."  

«لَا يَجُوزُ لِوَارِثٍ وَصِيَّةٌ»  

[Machine] "A man nicknamed Abu Thabit made a will to his wife before his death, stating that she has four hundred dirhams from her dowry as her entitlement, which Al-Hasan approved."  

«أَنَّ رَجُلًا يُكْنَى أَبَا ثَابِتٍ أَقَرَّ لِامْرَأَتِهِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ أَنَّ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ مِنْ صَدَاقِهَا فَأَجَازَهُ الْحَسَنُ»  

[Machine] "I was riding behind the Prophet ﷺ on his camel, and it was hobbling with its hooves. I could hear his saliva dripping between my shoulders. I heard him say, 'Indeed, Allah has given every rightful person their rights, so it is not permissible to leave a will for an inheritor.'"  

كُنْتُ تَحْتَ نَاقَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهِيَ تَقْصَعُ بِجِرَّتِهَا وَلُعَابُهَا يَنُوصُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيَّ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ «أَلَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ فَلَا يَجُوزُ وَصِيَّةٌ لِوَارِثٍ»  

[Machine] "When death approaches one of you, and if he leaves behind wealth, he should make a will (wasiyyah) to his parents and near relatives, according to what is reasonable. This is an obligation upon the righteous. Then it was abrogated in Surah An-Nisa, and the parents were given a clearly defined share, and to each one of his inheriting relatives a predetermined share, and to the deceased's relatives who are not heirs, a will has been ordained, so that it may benefit those who do not have an inheriting heir and others." [Al-Baqarah 180]  

{إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ} [البقرة 180] بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حقًا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُوصِيَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ وَأَقَارِبِهِ ثُمَّ نُسِخَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ فَجَعَلَ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ نَصِيبًا مَعْلُومًا وَأَلْحَقَ لِكُلِّ ذِي مِيرَاثٍ نَصِيبَهُ مِنْهُ وَلَيْسَتْ لَهُمْ وَصِيَّةٌ فَصَارَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِمَنْ لَا يَرِثُ مِنْ قَرِيبٍ وَغَيْرِهِ  

The custom (in old days) was that the property of the deceased would be inherited by his offspring; as for the parents (of the deceased), they would inherit by the will of the deceased. Then Allah cancelled from that custom whatever He wished and fixed for the male double the amount inherited by the female, and for each parent a sixth (of the whole legacy) and for the wife an eighth or a fourth and for the husband a half or a fourth. (Using translation from Bukhārī 2747)  

«كَانَ الْمَالُ لِلْوَلَدِ وَكَانَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ فَنَسَخَ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا أَحَبَّ فَجَعَلَ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلَ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ وَجَعَلَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسَ وَالثُّلُثَ وَجَعَلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الثُّمُنَ وَالرُّبُعَ وَلِلزَّوْجِ الشَّطْرَ وَالرُّبُعَ»  

The Qur'anic verse goes: "(It is prescribed when death approaches any of you), if he leaves any goods, that he may bequest to parents and next to kin." The bequest was made in this way until the verse of inheritance repealed it. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2869)   

عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ وَالْحَسَنِ {إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ} [البقرة 180] «فكَانَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ»  

[Machine] About a man who left a will, and he had a wealthy brother. Should he leave a will for him? He said, "Yes, even if his wealth is twenty thousand (dirhams)." Then he said, "And if his wealth is one hundred thousand, surely his richness will not prevent him from giving his brother his rights."  

عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى وَلَهُ أَخٌ مُوسِرٌ أَيُوصِي لَهُ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ وَإِنْ كَانَ رَبَّ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا» ثُمَّ قَالَ «وَإِنْ كَانَ رَبَّ مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ فَإِنَّ غِنَاهُ لَا يَمْنَعُهُ الْحَقَّ»  

[Machine] My sword is for so-and-so, and if so-and-so dies, it goes to so-and-so. If so-and-so dies, it goes to so-and-so. And if so-and-so dies, then it will return to me. They said, "It belongs to the first person." He said, and Humaid bin AbdulRahman said, "It should be signed as he said."  

سَيْفِي لِفُلَانٍ فَإِنْ مَاتَ فُلَانٌ فَلِفُلَانٍ فَإِنْ مَاتَ فُلَانٌ فَمَرْجِعُهُ إِلَيَّ قَالَا «هُوَ لِلْأَوَّلِ» قَالَ وَقَالَ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ «يُمْضَى كَمَا قَالَ»  

[Machine] In the man, he gives the man the gift, and he says, "It is yours." So, when he dies, he (is succeeded) by so-and-so, and when so-and-so dies, (he is succeeded) by so-and-so, and when so-and-so dies, his (successor) will be me. He said, "The tradition will continue as he said, even if they are a hundred."  

فِي الرَّجُلِ يُعْطِي الرَّجُلَ الْعَطَاءَ فَيَقُولُ هُوَ لَكَ فَإِذَا مُتَّ فَلِفُلَانٍ فَإِذَا مَاتَ فُلَانٌ فَلِفُلَانٍ وَإِذَا مَاتَ فُلَانٌ فَمَرْجِعُهُ إِلَيَّ قَالَ «يُمْضَى كَمَا قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِائَةً»  

[Machine] So we said, "Indeed, Al-Hasan says, 'I will retaliate against the closest ones.'" But he denied that and said a harsh statement.  

فَقُلْنَا إِنَّ الْحَسَنَ يَقُولُ «يُرَدُّ عَلَى الْأَقْرَبِينَ» فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ قَوْلًا شَدِيدًا  

[Machine] "When a man gives bequests to his relatives, he should ensure fairness between male and female relatives."  

إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ فِي قَرَابَتِهِ فَهُوَ لِأَقْرَبِهِمْ بِبَطْنٍ الذَّكَرُ وَالْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ  

[Machine] One of the two boys was a free child, then he died without clarifying. He said, "The inheritors are to be freed in his place, whoever they choose."  

أَحَدُ غُلَامَيَّ حُرٌّ ثُمَّ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يُبَيِّنْ قَالَ «الْوَرَثَةُ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ يُعْتِقُونَ أَيَّهُمَا أَحَبُّوا»  

[Machine] "In his illness, so-and-so and so-and-so, and my servant Fulan is a free man, and he did not say if something happened to me, then he is innocent. He said, 'he is a slave.'"  

فِي مَرَضِهِ لِفُلَانٍ كَذَا وَلِفُلَانٍ كَذَا وَعَبْدِي فُلَانٌ حُرٌّ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ إِنْ حَدَثَ بِي حَدَثٌ فَبَرَأَ قَالَ «هُوَ مَمْلُوكٌ»  

[Machine] About Al-Sha'bi concerning a man who freed his slave upon his death and he had no one else, but he had a debt. Al-Sha'bi said, "He strives for the poor in his cost."  

عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ غُلَامَهُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ غَيْرُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ قَالَ «يَسْعَى لِلْغُرَمَاءِ فِي ثَمَنِهِ»  

[Machine] A man bought a slave for nine hundred dirhams, then set him free without paying the price of the slave or leaving anything. Ali said, "The slave should work to pay off his price."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا اشْتَرَى عَبْدًا بِتِسْعِ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَعْتَقَهُ وَلَمْ يَقْضِ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ «يَسْعَى الْعَبْدُ فِي ثَمَنِهِ»  

[Machine] "The planner is from the third."  

«الْمُدَبَّرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»  

[Machine] "The planner is from the third."  

«الْمُدَبَّرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»  

[Machine] "From behind the third part."  

عَنْ دُبُرٍ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ»