"I heard Mujahid narrating from Abu Ayyash Az-Zuraqi"- Shu'bah said: "He had written it for me, and I read it before him, and I heard him narrating it; rather, I even memorized it." Ibn Bashshar said: "I memorized it from the book"- "The Prophet ﷺ was drawing up ranks facing the enemy in 'Usfan when the idolaters were led by Khalid bin Al-Walid. The Prophet ﷺ led them in praying Zuhr. The idolaters said: 'They have a prayer after this that is dearer to them than their wealth and sons.' Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them in praying 'Asr. He divided them into two rows, behind him. He led them all in bowing, then when they raised their heads he led the row that was closest to him in prostrating, while the others remained standing. When they raised their heads from prostration, the second row prostrated, as they had already bowed with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then the front row moved forward, so each of them took the place of his companion. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them all in bowing, then when they raised their heads from bowing, the row that was closest to him prostrated while the others remained standing, then when they had finished prostrating, the others prostrated, then the Prophet ﷺ said the taslim for all of them together.  

شُعْبَةُ كَتَبَ بِهِ إِلَىَّ وَقَرَأْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَمِعْتُهُ مِنْهُ يُحَدِّثُ وَلَكِنِّي حَفِظْتُهُ قَالَ ابْنُ بَشَّارٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ حِفْظِي مِنَ الْكِتَابِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ مُصَافَّ الْعَدُوِّ بِعُسْفَانَ وَعَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ قَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ إِنَّ لَهُمْ صَلاَةً بَعْدَ هَذِهِ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَبْنَائِهِمْ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعَصْرَ فَصَفَّهُمْ صَفَّيْنِ خَلْفَهُ فَرَكَعَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَمِيعًا فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ سَجَدَ بِالصَّفِّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الآخَرُونَ فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ مِنَ السُّجُودِ سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الْمُؤَخَّرُ بِرُكُوعِهِمْ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ تَأَخَّرَ الصَّفُّ الْمُقَدَّمُ وَتَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ الْمُؤَخَّرُ فَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي مَقَامِ صَاحِبِهِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَمِيعًا فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الآخَرُونَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغُوا مِنْ سُجُودِهِمْ سَجَدَ الآخَرُونَ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَيْهِمْ  

We accompanied the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Usfan, and Khalid ibn al-Walid was the chief of unbelievers. We offered the noon prayer. Thereupon, the unbelievers said: We suffered from negligence; we became careless. We should have attacked them while they were praying. Thereupon the verse was revealed, relating to the shortening of the prayer (in time of danger) between the noon and afternoon (prayer). When the time of the afternoon prayer came, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood facing the qiblah, and the unbelievers were standing in front of him. The people stood in a row behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and there was another row behind this row. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ bowed and all of them bowed. He then prostrated and also the row near him prostrated. The other people in the second row remained standing and stood guard over them. When they performed two prostrations and stood up, those who were behind them prostrated. The people in the front row near him then stepped backward taking the place of the people in the second row and the second row took the place of the first row. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then bowed and all of them bowed together. Then he and the row near him prostrated themselves. The other people in the second row remained standing and stood guard over them. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the row near him (i.e. the front row) were seated, the people in the second row behind them prostrated themselves. Then all of them were seated. (He (the Prophet) then uttered the salutation upon all of them. He prayed in his manner at Usfan as well as at the territory of Banu Sulaym. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been narrated by Ayyub and Hisham from Abu al-Zubair on the authority of Jabir to the same effect from the Prophet ﷺ. Similarly, this has been transmitted by Dawud b. Husain from 'Ikrimah, on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas. This has also been reported by 'Abd al-Malik, from 'Ata' from Jabir in like manner. This has also been narrated by Qatadah from al-Hasan from Hittan on the authority of Abu Musa in a similar way. Similarly, this has been reported by 'Ikrimah b. Khalid from Mujahid from the Prophet ﷺ. This has also been reported by Hisham b. 'Urwah from his father from the Prophet ﷺ. This is the opinion of al-Thawri.  

كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ وَعَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فَصَلَّيْنَا الظُّهْرَ فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ لَقَدْ أَصَبْنَا غِرَّةً لَقَدْ أَصَبْنَا غَفْلَةً لَوْ كُنَّا حَمَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْقَصْرِ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الْعَصْرُ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةِ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ أَمَامَهُ فَصَفَّ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَفٌّ وَصَفَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الصَّفِّ صَفٌّ آخَرُ فَرَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُ وَقَامَ الآخَرُونَ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا صَلَّى هَؤُلاَءِ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ وَقَامُوا سَجَدَ الآخَرُونَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا خَلْفَهُمْ ثُمَّ تَأَخَّرَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ إِلَى مَقَامِ الآخَرِينَ وَتَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ الأَخِيرُ إِلَى مَقَامِ الصَّفِّ الأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الآخَرُونَ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا جَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ سَجَدَ الآخَرُونَ ثُمَّ جَلَسُوا جَمِيعًا فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَمِيعًا فَصَلاَّهَا بِعُسْفَانَ وَصَلاَّهَا يَوْمَ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ  

[Machine] We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Usfan, when the polytheists led by Khalid ibn Al-Walid faced us while they were between us and the qibla. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed the noon prayer with us. They said, "They were in a situation where if we had attacked them, we would have taken them by surprise." Then they said, "Now a prayer comes upon them that is more beloved to them than their own sons and souls." Then Jibril ﷺ descended with these verses between the noon and afternoon prayers, "And when you are among them and lead them in prayer" [Quran 4:102]. He said, "So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ attended to them and ordered them to take up arms." He said, "We formed two rows behind him." He said, "Then he made the prostration and we all prostrated. Then he raised his head and we all raised our heads. Then he prostrated, and those who were behind him guarded them. When they prostrated and stood up, the others sat down and prostrated in their place. Then these people advanced towards the ranks of those people, and those people advanced towards the ranks of these people." He said, "Then he made the prostration and they all prostrated. Then he raised his head and they all raised their heads. Then he prostrated, and the row behind him guarded them. When he sat down, the others sat down and prostrated. Then he greeted them and left." He said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed it twice, once in Usfan and once in the land of Bani Sulaim."  

كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَنَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَهُمْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ فَقَالُوا قَدْ كَانُوا عَلَى حَالٍ لَوْ أَصَبْنَا غِرَّتَهُمْ ثُمَّ قَالُوا تَأْتِي عَلَيْهِمُ الْآنَ صَلَاةٌ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالَ فَنَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَاتِ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ {وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ} [النساء 102] قَالَ فَحَضَرَتْ فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذُوا السِّلَاحَ قَالَ فَصَفَفْنَا خَلْفَهُ صَفَّيْنِ قَالَ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَرَكَعْنَا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَرَفَعْنَا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالصَّفِّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا سَجَدُوا وَقَامُوا جَلَسَ الْآخَرُونَ فَسَجَدُوا فِي مَكَانِهِمْ ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ هَؤُلَاءِإِلَى مَصَافِّ هَؤُلَاءِ وَجَاءَ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى مَصَافِّ هَؤُلَاءِ قَالَ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَرَفَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا جَلَسَ جَلَسَ الْآخَرُونَ فَسَجَدُوا ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ قَالَ فَصَلَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّةً بِعُسْفَانَ وَمَرَّةً بِأَرْضِ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ  

"I heard Mujahid narrating from Abu Ayyash Az-Zuraqi"- Shu'bah said: "He had written it for me, and I read it before him, and I heard him narrating it; rather, I even memorized it." Ibn Bashshar said: "I memorized it from the book"- "The Prophet ﷺ was drawing up ranks facing the enemy in 'Usfan when the idolaters were led by Khalid bin Al-Walid. The Prophet ﷺ led them in praying Zuhr. The idolaters said: 'They have a prayer after this that is dearer to them than their wealth and sons.' Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them in praying 'Asr. He divided them into two rows, behind him. He led them all in bowing, then when they raised their heads he led the row that was closest to him in prostrating, while the others remained standing. When they raised their heads from prostration, the second row prostrated, as they had already bowed with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then the front row moved forward, so each of them took the place of his companion. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them all in bowing, then when they raised their heads from bowing, the row that was closest to him prostrated while the others remained standing, then when they had finished prostrating, the others prostrated, then the Prophet ﷺ said the taslim for all of them together. (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1549)  

شُعْبَةُ كَتَبَ بِهِ إِلَيَّ وَقَرَأْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَمِعْتُهُ مِنْهُ يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ وَلَكِنِّي حَفِظْتُهُ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ فِي مَصَافِّ الْعَدُوِّ بِعُسْفَانَ وَعَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ إِنَّ لَهُمْ صَلَاةً بَعْدَ هَذِهِ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ قَالَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْعَصْرَ فَصَفَّهُمْ صَفَّيْنِ خَلْفَهُ قَالَ فَرَكَعَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَمِيعًا فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الْآخَرُونَ فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الْمُؤَخَّرُ لِرُكُوعِهِمْ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ ثُمَّ تَأَخَّرَ الصَّفُّ الْمُقَدَّمُ وَتَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ الْمُؤَخَّرُ فَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي مَقَامِ صَاحِبِهِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَمِيعًا فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الْآخَرُونَثُمَّ سَلَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَيْهِمْ  

[Machine] "We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Usfan, and Khalid ibn Al-Walid was guarding against the pagans. We prayed the noon prayer and the pagans said, 'They were in such a state that if we had wanted, we would have attacked them by surprise, or we would have attacked them while they were unaware.' Then the verse was revealed about shortening the prayer between noon and afternoon. So the people took up their weapons and lined up behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , with one row facing the enemy and the other row facing them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made the takbeer and they all made the takbeer. He performed the rukoo' and they all performed the rukoo', then he raised his head and they all raised theirs. He performed the sujood and the row behind him also performed the sujood, while the others stood on guard. When those who were in sujood were finished, they prostrated, then the next row followed suit and prostrated, and they took their places again, so they all sat down. Then they all offered the salutation upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . He prayed this prayer in Usfan and prayed it another day at Bani Sulaym."  

«كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ وَعَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ فَصَلَّيْنَا الظُّهْرَ فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ لَقَدْ كَانُوا عَلَى حَالٍ لَوْ أَرَدْنَا لَأَصَبْنَاهُمْ غِرَّةً أَوْ لَأَصَبْنَاهُمْ غَفْلَةً قَالَ فَأُنْزِلَتْ آيَةُ الْقَصْرِ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ السِّلَاحَ وَصَفُّوا خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَفَّيْنِ مُسْتَقْبِلِي الْعَدُوِّ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ مُسْتَقْبِلَوهُمْ فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَبَّرُوا جَمِيعًا وَرَكَعَ وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَرَفَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الْأَخَرُ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ هَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ سُجُودِهِمْ سَجَدَ هَؤُلَاءِ ثُمَّ نَكَصَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَتَقَدَّمَ الْآخَرُونَ فَقَامُوا مَقَامَهُمْ فَرَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَفَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الْآخَرُونَ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ هَؤُلَاءِ مِنْ سُجُودِهِمْ سَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ ثُمَّ اسْتَوُوا مَعَهُ فَقَعَدُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَمِيعًا صَلَّاهَا بِعُسْفَانَ وَصَلَّاهَا يَوْمَ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ»  

[Machine] We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Usfan when the polytheists, led by Khalid bin Al-Walid, faced us between us and the Qibla. The Prophet ﷺ prayed the Dhuhr prayer with us. They said, "They have an opportunity to attack us." They said, "Now prayer has come upon them, which is more beloved to them than their own children and themselves." Then Gabriel ﷺ descended with these verses between Dhuhr and Asr: "And when you are among them and lead them in prayer..." He said, "So the prayer came and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded them, so they took up arms and lined up behind him in two rows. Then he bowed and they all bowed, then he raised his head and they all raised their heads, then the Prophet ﷺ prostrated with the row that followed him and others remaining standing to guard them. And when they prostrated and stood up, the others sat and they prostrated in their place. Then these came forward to fill in the gaps left by those, and those went to fill in the gaps left by these, and they all bowed, and then they all raised their heads, then the Prophet ﷺ prostrated with the row that followed him and others remaining standing to guard them. And when they sat down, the others sat, and they prostrated. Then the Prophet ﷺ performed the final tasleem and left. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed it twice - once in Usfan and once on the land of Banu Sulaim."  

كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَنَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَهُمْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ فَصَلَّى بِنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ فَقَالُوا قَدْ كَانُوا عَلَى حَالٍ لَوْ أَصَبْنَا غِرَّتَهُمْ فَقَالُوا يَأْتِي عَلَيْهِمُ الْآنَ صَلَاةٌ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالَ فَنَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَاتِ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ {وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ} قَالَ «فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذُوا السِّلَاحَ فَصَفَفْنَا خَلْفَهُ صَفَّيْنِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَرَكَعْنَا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَرَفَعْنَا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالصَّفِّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا سَجَدُوا وَقَامُوا جَلَسَ الْآخَرُونَ فَسَجَدُوا فِي مَكَانِهِمْ ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى مَصَافِّ هَؤُلَاءِ وَجَاءَ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى مَصَافِّ هَؤُلَاءِ فَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَرَفَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالصَّفِّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا جَلَسُوا جَلَسَ الْآخَرُونَ فَسَجَدُوا ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَصَلَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّةً بِعُسْفَانَ وَمَرَّةً فِي أَرْضِ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ»  

[Machine] "We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in 'Usfan when the polytheists, with Khalid bin Al-Walid among them, confronted us between us and the qiblah. So the Prophet ﷺ led us in the Dhuhr prayer and they said, 'This prayer that they are offering now is more beloved to them than their children and themselves.' Jabiril then came down with these verses between Dhuhr and Asr: 'And when you are among them and lead them in prayer.' The prayer came and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered them to take up arms. So we lined up behind him in two rows, then he performed one Rak'ah and we prayed together. Then he raised his head and we all raised our heads. Then he prostrated and the Prophet ﷺ was in the same row with those behind him, and others were guarding them in prayer. When they prostrated and stood up, the others sat down and prostrated, then he turned to them and said the Salam to them, then he left. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed it twice, once in 'Usfan and once in the land of Banu Sulaym."  

كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَنَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَهُمْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ فَصَلَّى بِنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ فَقَالُوا قَدْ كَانُوا عَلَى حَالٍ لَوْ أَصَبْنَا غِرَّتَهُمْ فَقَالُوا يَأْتِي عَلَيْهِمُ الْآنَ صَلَاةٌ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالَ فَنَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَاتِ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ {وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ} قَالَ «فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذُوا السِّلَاحَ فَصَفَفْنَا خَلْفَهُ صَفَّيْنِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَرَكَعْنَا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَرَفَعْنَا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالصَّفِّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا سَجَدُوا وَقَامُوا جَلَسَ الْآخَرُونَ فَسَجَدُوا ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَصَلَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّةً بِعُسْفَانَ وَمَرَّةً فِي أَرْضِ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ»  

[Machine] We were with the Prophet ﷺ in Usfan when the prayer of Dhuhr came. Khalid bin Al-Walid was on the horses of the polytheists. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed Dhuhr with his companions. The polytheists said, "The prayer they have after this is more beloved to them than their sons, wealth, and selves." Then Jibril, ﷺ , descended upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ between Dhuhr and Asr and informed him. This verse was revealed: {And when you are among them and lead them in prayer}. "So the prayer was established, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ lined up his companions in two rows, with weapons on them and the enemy in front of the Prophet ﷺ. They all made takbir and all performed rukoo' (bowing) and prostration. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prostrated, and the row behind him and the others stood guard over them. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ finished, he stood up for the second rakah, and the others prostrated. Then, these moved forward to take the place of those, and those moved backward to take the place of these. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed the second rakah with them, and they all performed rukoo' and prostration. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prostrated, and the row behind him and the others stood guard over them. When they finished, these prostrated, and then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave the salaam. Abu Ayyash said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed this prayer twice, once in Usfan and once in the land of Bani Sulaym."  

كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَعَلَى خَيْلِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِأَصْحَابِهِ الظُّهْرَ فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ إِنَّ لَهُمْ صَلَاةً بَعْدَ هَذِهِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ يَعْنُونَ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ فَنَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ وَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ} إِلَى آخِرِهَا «فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَصَفَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَصْحَابَهُ صَفَّيْنِ وَعَلَيْهِمُ السِّلَاحُ وَالْعَدُوُّ بَيْنَ يَدَيِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَكَبَّرُوا جَمِيعًا وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَامَ إِلَى الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ وَسَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى مَصَافِّ هَؤُلَاءِ وَتَأَخَّرَ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى مَصَافِّ هَؤُلَاءِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الْأُخْرَى فَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا فَرَغُوا سَجَدَ هَؤُلَاءِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ» قَالَ أَبُو عَيَّاشٍ «فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّةً بِعُسْفَانَ وَمَرَّةً بِأَرْضِ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ»  

"I heard Mujahid narrating from Abu Ayyash Az-Zuraqi"- Shu'bah said: "He had written it for me, and I read it before him, and I heard him narrating it; rather, I even memorized it." Ibn Bashshar said: "I memorized it from the book"- "The Prophet ﷺ was drawing up ranks facing the enemy in 'Usfan when the idolaters were led by Khalid bin Al-Walid. The Prophet ﷺ led them in praying Zuhr. The idolaters said: 'They have a prayer after this that is dearer to them than their wealth and sons.' Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them in praying 'Asr. He divided them into two rows, behind him. He led them all in bowing, then when they raised their heads he led the row that was closest to him in prostrating, while the others remained standing. When they raised their heads from prostration, the second row prostrated, as they had already bowed with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then the front row moved forward, so each of them took the place of his companion. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them all in bowing, then when they raised their heads from bowing, the row that was closest to him prostrated while the others remained standing, then when they had finished prostrating, the others prostrated, then the Prophet ﷺ said the taslim for all of them together. (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1549)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ مَصَافَّ الْعَدُوِّ بِعُسْفَانَ وَعَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ قَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ «إِنَّ لَهُمْ صَلَاةً بَعْدَ هَذِهِ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَبْنَائِهِمْ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْعَصْرَ فَصَفَّهُمْ صَفَّيْنِ خَلْفَهُ فَرَكَعَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَمِيعًا فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الْآخَرُونَ فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ مِنَ السُّجُودِ سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الْمُؤَخَّرُ لِرُكُوعِهِمْ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ تَأَخَّرَ الصَّفُّ الْمُقَدَّمُ وَتَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ الْمُؤَخَّرُ فَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي مَقَامِ صَاحِبِهِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَمِيعًا فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رَءُوسَهُمْ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ سَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الْآخَرُونَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغُوا مِنْ سُجُودِهِمْ سَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَيْهِمْ»  

We accompanied the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Usfan, and Khalid ibn al-Walid was the chief of unbelievers. We offered the noon prayer. Thereupon, the unbelievers said: We suffered from negligence; we became careless. We should have attacked them while they were praying. Thereupon the verse was revealed, relating to the shortening of the prayer (in time of danger) between the noon and afternoon (prayer). When the time of the afternoon prayer came, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood facing the qiblah, and the unbelievers were standing in front of him. The people stood in a row behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and there was another row behind this row. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ bowed and all of them bowed. He then prostrated and also the row near him prostrated. The other people in the second row remained standing and stood guard over them. When they performed two prostrations and stood up, those who were behind them prostrated. The people in the front row near him then stepped backward taking the place of the people in the second row and the second row took the place of the first row. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then bowed and all of them bowed together. Then he and the row near him prostrated themselves. The other people in the second row remained standing and stood guard over them. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the row near him (i.e. the front row) were seated, the people in the second row behind them prostrated themselves. Then all of them were seated. (He (the Prophet) then uttered the salutation upon all of them. He prayed in his manner at Usfan as well as at the territory of Banu Sulaym. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been narrated by Ayyub and Hisham from Abu al-Zubair on the authority of Jabir to the same effect from the Prophet ﷺ. Similarly, this has been transmitted by Dawud b. Husain from 'Ikrimah, on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas. This has also been reported by 'Abd al-Malik, from 'Ata' from Jabir in like manner. This has also been narrated by Qatadah from al-Hasan from Hittan on the authority of Abu Musa in a similar way. Similarly, this has been reported by 'Ikrimah b. Khalid from Mujahid from the Prophet ﷺ. This has also been reported by Hisham b. 'Urwah from his father from the Prophet ﷺ. This is the opinion of al-Thawri. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1236)   

كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ وَعَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فَصَلَّيْنَا الظُّهْرَ فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ لَقَدْ أَصَبْنَا غِرَّةً لَقَدْ أَصَبْنَا غَفَلَةً لَوْ كُنَّا حَمَلَنَا عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْقَصْرِ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ فَلَمَّا حَضَرْتِ الْعَصْرُ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةِ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ أَمَامَهُ فَصَفَّ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ صَفٌّ وَصَفَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الصَّفِّ صَفٌّ آخَرُ فَرَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الْآخَرُونَ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا صَلَّى هَؤُلَاءِ السَّجْدَتَيْنِ وَقَامُوا سَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا خَلْفَهُمْ ثُمَّ تَأَخَّرَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ إِلَى مَقَامِ الْآخَرِينَ وَتَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ الْأَخِيرُ إِلَى مَقَامِ الصَّفِّ الْأَوَّلِ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَقَامَ الْآخَرُونَ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا جَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ سَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ ثُمَّ جَلَسُوا جَمِيعًا فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَمِيعًا فَصَلَّاهَا بِعُسْفَانَ وَصَلَّاهَا يَوْمَ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ وَحَدِيثُ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى بِمَعْنَاهُ وَفِيهِ مِنَ الزِّيَادَةِ فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ السِّلَاحَ وَصَفُّوا خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ صَفَّينِ مُسْتَقْبِلِي الْقِبْلَةَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ مُسْتَقْبِلُوهُمْ فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَبِّرُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَكَعَ وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَرَفَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ وَسَجَدَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَالْبَاقِي بِمَعْنَاهُ وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ وَقَدْ  

" كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ الله ﷺ بِعَسْفَان، فَاسْتَقْبَلَنَا المُشْرِكُون عَلَيهم خَالِدُ ابنُ الوَليدِ وَهُمْ بيننا وبَين القبلة، فَصَلى النبىُّ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ، فَقالُوا: قَدَ كَانُوا عَلَى حَالٍ لَو أَصَبْنَا غرتهم فَقَالُوا: تأتى عليهم الآنَ صَلاةٌ هِى أَحَبُّ إليهم مِنْ أَبْنَائِهم وأنفُسهِم فَنزل جبْرِيلُ بِهذِه الآيَاتِ بَيْن الظُّهْرِ وَالعَصْرِ، {وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ} فَحَضَرت الصلاةُ، فَأَمَرهُم رسولُ الله ﷺ فَأخَذُوا السِّلَاحَ فَصَفَفَنَا خلفه صَفَّين، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ وَركَعْنَا جَمِيعًا، ثُم سَجَد النَّبىُّ ﷺ بالصَّفِّ الذى يَليه والآخَرُونَ قِيَام يَحْرسُونَهم، فَلَمَّا سَجَدُوا وَقامُوا جَلَس الآخَرُون، فَسَجدوا في مَكانِهم، ثُمَّ تقدم هَؤلاء إِلى مَصَافِّ هَؤلاءِ، وَجَاءَ هؤلاءِ إلى مَصَاف هؤلَاءِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، فَرَكَعُوا جَميعًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَرَفعوا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَد النَّبِىُّ ﷺ بالصفِّ الذى يليه، والآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ يَحْرسُونهُم، فَلمَّا جَلَسُوا جَلَس الآخَرُونَ فَسجُدُوا ثم سَلم عَلَيهم، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا، فَصَلاهَا رسولُ الله ﷺ مَرَّتَيْن بِعَسفَان، وَمَرَّةً في أرضِ بنى سليم".