Should I not narrate to you (a hadith of the Holy Prophet) on my authority and on the authority of my mother? We thought that he meant the mother who had given him birth. He (Muhammad b. Qais) then reported that it was 'A'isha who had narrated this: Should I not narrate to you about myself and about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? We said: Yes. She said: When it was my turn for Messenger of Allah ﷺ to spend the night with me, he turned his side, put on his mantle and took off his shoes and placed them near his feet, and spread the corner of his shawl on his bed and then lay down till he thought that I had gone to sleep. He took hold of his mantle slowly and put on the shoes slowly, and opened the door and went out and then closed it lightly. I covered my head, put on my veil and tightened my waist wrapper, and then went out following his steps till he reached Baqi'. He stood there and he stood for a long time. He then lifted his hands three times, and then returned and I also returned. He hastened his steps and I also hastened my steps. He ran and I too ran. He came (to the house) and I also came (to the house). I, however, preceded him and I entered (the house), and as I lay down in the bed, he (the Holy Prophet) entered the (house), and said: Why is it, O 'A'isha, that you are out of breath? I said: There is nothing. He said: Tell me or the Subtle and the Aware would inform me. I said: Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be ransom for you, and then I told him (the whole story). He said: Was it the darkness (of your shadow) that I saw in front of me? I said: Yes. He gave me a nudge on the chest which I felt, and then said: Did you think that Allah and His Apostle would deal unjustly with you? She said: Whatsoever the people conceal, Allah will know it. He said: Gabriel came to me when you saw me. He called me and he concealed it from you. I responded to his call, but I too concealed it from you (for he did not come to you), as you were not fully dressed. I thought that you had gone to sleep, and I did not like to awaken you, fearing that you may be frightened. He (Gabriel) said: Your Lord has commanded you to go to the inhabitants of Baqi' (to those lying in the graves) and beg pardon for them. I said: Messenger of Allah, how should I pray for them (How should I beg forgiveness for them)? He said: Say, Peace be upon the inhabitants of this city (graveyard) from among the Believers and the Muslims, and may Allah have mercy on those who have gone ahead of us, and those who come later on, and we shall, God willing, join you.  

أَلاَ أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنِّي وَعَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قُلْنَا بَلَى قَالَ قَالَتْ لَمَّا كَانَتْ لَيْلَتِيَ الَّتِي كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِيهَا عِنْدِي انْقَلَبَ فَوَضَعَ رِدَاءَهُ وَخَلَعَ نَعْلَيْهِ فَوَضَعَهُمَا عِنْدَ رِجْلَيْهِ وَبَسَطَ طَرَفَ إِزَارِهِ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ فَاضْطَجَعَ فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ إِلاَّ رَيْثَمَا ظَنَّ أَنْ قَدْ رَقَدْتُ فَأَخَذَ رِدَاءَهُ رُوَيْدًا وَانْتَعَلَ رُوَيْدًا وَفَتَحَ الْبَابَ فَخَرَجَ ثُمَّ أَجَافَهُ رُوَيْدًا فَجَعَلْتُ دِرْعِي فِي رَأْسِي وَاخْتَمَرْتُ وَتَقَنَّعْتُ إِزَارِي ثُمَّ انْطَلَقْتُ عَلَى إِثْرِهِ حَتَّى جَاءَ الْبَقِيعَ فَقَامَ فَأَطَالَ الْقِيَامَ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ ثُمَّ انْحَرَفَ فَانْحَرَفْتُ فَأَسْرَعَ فَأَسْرَعْتُ فَهَرْوَلَ فَهَرْوَلْتُ فَأَحْضَرَ فَأَحْضَرْتُ فَسَبَقْتُهُ فَدَخَلْتُ فَلَيْسَ إِلاَّ أَنِ اضْطَجَعْتُ فَدَخَلَ فَقَالَ مَا لَكِ يَا عَائِشُ حَشْيَا رَابِيَةً قَالَتْ قُلْتُ لاَ شَىْءَ قَالَ لَتُخْبِرِينِي أَوْ لَيُخْبِرَنِّي اللَّطِيفُ الْخَبِيرُ قَالَتْ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ قَالَ فَأَنْتِ السَّوَادُ الَّذِي رَأَيْتُ أَمَامِي قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَلَهَدَنِي فِي صَدْرِي لَهْدَةً أَوْجَعَتْنِي ثُمَّ قَالَ أَظَنَنْتِ أَنْ يَحِيفَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكِ وَرَسُولُهُ قَالَتْ مَهْمَا يَكْتُمِ النَّاسُ يَعْلَمْهُ اللَّهُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَتَانِي حِينَ رَأَيْتِ فَنَادَانِي فَأَخْفَاهُ مِنْكِ فَأَجَبْتُهُ فَأَخْفَيْتُهُ مِنْكِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْكِ وَقَدْ وَضَعْتِ ثِيَابَكِ وَظَنَنْتُ أَنْ قَدْ رَقَدْتِ فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أُوقِظَكِ وَخَشِيتُ أَنْ تَسْتَوْحِشِي فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ أَهْلَ الْبَقِيعِ فَتَسْتَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ قَالَتْ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ أَقُولُ لَهُمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ قُولِي السَّلاَمُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الدِّيَارِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ وَيَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ الْمُسْتَقْدِمِينَ مِنَّا وَالْمُسْتَأْخِرِينَ وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ بِكُمْ لَلاَحِقُونَ  

Send your son to my residence (to carry this haudaj), and my father said to me: Carry it (for him). So I carried it and there went along with him (with Abu Bakr) my father in order to fetch its price and he ('Azib) said to Abu Bakr: Abu Bakr, narrate to me what you both did on the night when you set out on a journey along with Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: We set out during the night and went on walking until it was noon, and the path was vacant and so none passed by that (until) there appeared prominently before us a large rock. It had its shade and the rays of the sun did not reach that place. So we got down at that place. I then went to the rock and levelled the ground with my hands at the place where the Prophet ﷺ would take rest under its shade. I then set the bedding and said: Messenger of Allah, go to sleep and I shall keep a watch around you. I went out and watched around him. There we saw a shepherd moving towards that rock with his flock and he intended what we intended (i. e. taking rest). I met him and said to him: Young boy, to which place do you belong? He said: I am a person from Medina. I said, is there any milk in the udders of your sheep and goats? He said: Yes. He took hold of a goat, and I said to him: Clean the udder well so that it should be free from hair, dust and impurity. I saw al-Bara' striking his hand upon the other (to give an indication) how he did that. He milked the goat for me in a wooden cup which he had with him and I had with me a bucket in which I kept water for drinking and for performing ablution. I came to Allah's Apostle ﷺ and did not like to awaken him from sleep but he was accidentally startled from the sleep. I poured water upon the milk (till It was cold) and I said: Messenger of Allah, take this milk. He then took It and I was delighted and he (the Holy Prophet) said: Is now not the time to march on? I said: Of course. So he marched on after the sun had passed the meridian and Suraqa b. Malik pursued us and we had been walking on soft, level ground. I said: Messenger of Allah, we are about to be overtaken by them. Thereupon he said: Be not grieved. Verily, Allah is with us. Then Messenger of Allah ﷺ cursed him and his horse sank into the earth. I think he also said: I know you have hurled curse upon me. So supplicate Allah for me and I take an oath that I shall turn everyone away who would come in search of you. So he (Messenger of Allah) supplicated Allah and he was rescued and he came back and to everyone he met, he said: I have combed all this side. In short, he diverted everyone whom he met and he in fact fulfilled his promise.  

لِعَازِبٍ ابْعَثْ مَعِيَ ابْنَكَ يَحْمِلْهُ مَعِي إِلَى مَنْزِلِي فَقَالَ لِي أَبِي احْمِلْهُ فَحَمَلْتُهُ وَخَرَجَ أَبِي مَعَهُ يَنْتَقِدُ ثَمَنَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبِي يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ حَدِّثْنِي كَيْفَ صَنَعْتُمَا لَيْلَةَ سَرَيْتَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَسْرَيْنَا لَيْلَتَنَا كُلَّهَا حَتَّى قَامَ قَائِمُ الظَّهِيرَةِ وَخَلاَ الطَّرِيقُ فَلاَ يَمُرُّ فِيهِ أَحَدٌ حَتَّى رُفِعَتْ لَنَا صَخْرَةٌ طَوِيلَةٌ لَهَا ظِلٌّ لَمْ تَأْتِ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ بَعْدُ فَنَزَلْنَا عِنْدَهَا فَأَتَيْتُ الصَّخْرَةَ فَسَوَّيْتُ بِيَدِي مَكَانًا يَنَامُ فِيهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي ظِلِّهَا ثُمَّ بَسَطْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَرْوَةً ثُمَّ قُلْتُ نَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَأَنَا أَنْفُضُ لَكَ مَا حَوْلَكَ فَنَامَ وَخَرَجْتُ أَنْفُضُ مَا حَوْلَهُ فَإِذَا أَنَا بِرَاعِي غَنَمٍ مُقْبِلٍ بِغَنَمِهِ إِلَى الصَّخْرَةِ يُرِيدُ مِنْهَا الَّذِي أَرَدْنَا فَلَقِيتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لِمَنْ أَنْتَ يَا غُلاَمُ فَقَالَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ قُلْتُ أَفِي غَنَمِكَ لَبَنٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ أَفَتَحْلُبُ لِي قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَخَذَ شَاةً فَقُلْتُ لَهُ انْفُضِ الضَّرْعَ مِنَ الشَّعَرِ وَالتُّرَابِ وَالْقَذَى قَالَ فَرَأَيْتُ الْبَرَاءَ يَضْرِبُ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى الأُخْرَى يَنْفُضُ فَحَلَبَ لِي فِي قَعْبٍ مَعَهُ كُثْبَةً مِنْ لَبَنٍ قَالَ وَمَعِي إِدَاوَةٌ أَرْتَوِي فِيهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِيَشْرَبَ مِنْهَا وَيَتَوَضَّأَ قَالَ فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أُوقِظَهُ مِنْ نَوْمِهِ فَوَافَقْتُهُ اسْتَيْقَظَ فَصَبَبْتُ عَلَى اللَّبَنِ مِنَ الْمَاءِ حَتَّى بَرَدَ أَسْفَلُهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اشْرَبْ مِنْ هَذَا اللَّبَنِ قَالَ فَشَرِبَ حَتَّى رَضِيتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلرَّحِيلِ قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ فَارْتَحَلْنَا بَعْدَ مَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَاتَّبَعَنَا سُرَاقَةُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ قَالَ وَنَحْنُ فِي جَلَدٍ مِنَ الأَرْضِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أُتِينَا فَقَالَ لاَ تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَارْتَطَمَتْ فَرَسُهُ إِلَى بَطْنِهَا أُرَى فَقَالَ إِنِّي قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّكُمَا قَدْ دَعَوْتُمَا عَلَىَّ فَادْعُوَا لِي فَاللَّهُ لَكُمَا أَنْ أَرُدَّ عَنْكُمَا الطَّلَبَ فَدَعَا اللَّهَ فَنَجَى فَرَجَعَ لاَ يَلْقَى أَحَدًا إِلاَّ قَالَ قَدْ كَفَيْتُكُمْ مَا هَا هُنَا فَلاَ يَلْقَى أَحَدًا إِلاَّ رَدَّهُ قَالَ وَوَفَى لَنَا  

the first man who discussed Qadar (Divine Decree) in Baṣrah was Maʿbad al-Juhanī. I along with Ḥumayd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Ḥimyarī set out for pilgrimage or for ʿUmrah and said: Should it so happen that we come into contact with one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, we shall ask him about what is talked about Qadar. Accidentally we came across ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, while he was entering the mosque. My companion and I surrounded him. One of us ˹stood˺ on his right and the other stood on his left. I expected that my companion would authorize me to speak. I, therefore, said: Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, there have appeared some people in our land who recite the Quran and pursue knowledge. And then after talking about their affairs, added: They claim that there is no such thing as Qadar and events are not predestined. He said: When you happen to meet such people tell them that I have nothing to do with them and they have nothing to do with me. And verily they are in no way responsible for my ˹belief˺. ʿAbdullāh b ʿUmar swore by Allah: If any one of them had with him gold equal to the bulk of ˹the mountain˺ Uḥud and spent it ˹for the sake of Allah˺, Allah would not accept it unless he affirmed his faith in the Qadar.

He further said: My father, ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, told me: One day we were sitting in the company of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when there appeared before us a man dressed in pure white clothes. His hair was extraordinarily black. There were no signs of travel on him. None amongst us recognized him. At last, he sat with the Prophet ﷺ. He knelt before him placed his palms on his thighs,

then said: Muhammad, inform me about Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Islam implies that: (1) you testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and (2) you establish prayer, (3) pay Zakat, (4) observe the fast of Ramadan, and (5) perform pilgrimage to the (House) if you are solvent enough ˹to bear the expense of˺ the journey. ˹The inquirer˺ said: You have told the truth. ˹ʿUmar˺ said: It amazed us that he would put the question and then he would himself verify the truth.

˹The inquirer˺ said: Inform me about Iman (faith). He replied: That (1) you affirm your faith in Allah, (2) in His angels, (3) in His Books, (4) in His Apostles, (5) in the Day of Judgment, and (6) you affirm your faith in the Divine Decree about good and evil. ˹The inquirer˺ said: You have told the truth.

˹The inquirer˺ again said: Inform me about Iḥsān (excellence in deeds). He said: That (1) you worship Allah as if you are seeing Him, (2) for though you don't see Him, He, verily, sees you.

˹The inquirer˺ again said: Inform me about the Hour (of the Last Day). He remarked: One who is asked knows no more than the one who is inquiring. ˹The inquirer˺ said: Tell me some of its indications. He said: That (1) the slave-girl will give birth to her mistress and master, that (2) you will find barefooted, destitute goat herders vying with one another in the construction of magnificent buildings.

˹ʿUmar˺ said: Then ˹the inquirer˺ went on his way but I stayed with (the Prophet) for a long while. He then, said to me: "ʿUmar, do you know who this inquirer was?" I replied: Allah and His Messenger know best. He remarked: "He was Jibrīl (Angel Gabriel). He came to you in order to teach you in your religion."  

كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَالَ فِي الْقَدَرِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ مَعْبَدٌ الْجُهَنِيُّ۔ فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حَاجَّيْنِ أَوْ مُعْتَمِرَيْنِ، فَقُلْنَا لَوْ لَقِينَا أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُ هَؤُلاَءِ فِي الْقَدَرِ۔ فَوُفِّقَ لَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ دَاخِلاً الْمَسْجِدَ فَاكْتَنَفْتُهُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي أَحَدُنَا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَالآخَرُ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ۔ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبِي سَيَكِلُ الْكَلاَمَ إِلَىَّ۔ فَقُلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ ظَهَرَ قِبَلَنَا نَاسٌ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَتَقَفَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ وَذَكَرَ مِنْ شَأْنِهِمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لاَ قَدَرَ، وَأَنَّ الأَمْرَ أُنُفٌ۔ قَالَ: فَإِذَا لَقِيتَ أُولَئِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْهُمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ بُرَآءُ مِنِّي، وَالَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ لَوْ أَنَّ لأَحَدِهِمْ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا فَأَنْفَقَهُ، مَا قَبِلَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ۔

ثُمَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ، شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ۔ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ۔ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ، وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ۔

وَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ۔ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الإِسْلاَمُ (١) أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، (٢) وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ، (٣) وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ، (٤) وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ، (٥) وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً۔» قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ۔ قَالَ: فَعَجِبْنَا لَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ!

قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِيمَانِ۔ قَالَ: «أَنْ (١) تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ، (٢) وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ، (٣) وَكُتُبِهِ، (٤) وَرُسُلِهِ، (٥) وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ، (٦) وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ۔» قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ۔

قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِحْسَانِ۔ قَالَ: «أَنْ (١) تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ، (٢) فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ۔»

قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ۔ قَالَ: «مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ۔» قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَتِهَا۔ قَالَ: «أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا، وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ۔»

قَالَ: ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ فَلَبِثْتُ مَلِيًّا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي: «يَا عُمَرُ أَتَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ؟» قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ۔ قَالَ: «فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ۔»  

The first to speak on Divine decree in al-Basrah was Maʿbad al Juhani. I and Humaid b. ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Himyari proceeded to perform Hajj or ʿUmrah. We said : would that we meet any of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that we could ask him about what they say with regard to divine decree. So Allah helped us to meet ʿAbd Allah b. ʿUmar who was entering the mosque. So I and my companion surrounded him, and I thought that my companion would entrust me the task of speaking to him. Then I said : Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman, there appeared on our side some people who recite the Qur'an and are engaged in the hair-splitting of knowledge. They conceive that there is no Divine decree and everything happens freely without predestination. He said : When you meet those people, tell them that I am free from them, and they are free from me. By Him by Whom swears ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Umar, if one of them has gold equivalent to Uhud and he spends it, Allah will not accept it from him until he believes in Divine decree. He then said : ‘Umar b. Khattab transmitted to me a tradition, saying : One day when we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a man with very white clothing and very black hair came up to us. No mark of travel was visible on him, and we did not recognize him. Sitting down beside the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, leaning his knees against his and placing his hands on his thighs, he said : tell me, Muhammad, about Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said : Islam means that you should testify that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is Allah’s Apostle, that you should observe prayer, pay Zakat, fast during Ramadan, and perform Hajj to the house (i.e., Kaʿbah), If you have the means to go. He said : You have spoken the truth. We were surprised at his questioning him and then declaring that he spoke the truth. He said : Now tell me about faith. He replied : It means that you should believe in Allah, his angels, his Books, his Apostles and the last day, and that you should believe in the decreeing both of good and evil. He said : You have spoken the truth. He said : now tell me about doing good (ihsan). He replied: It means that you should worship Allah as though you are seeing him; if you are not seeing him, he is seeing you. He said: Now tell me about the hour. He replied : The one who is asked about it is no better informed than the one who is asking. He said : Then tell me about its signs. He replied : That a maidservant should beget her mistress, and that you should see barefooted, naked, poor men and shepherds exalting themselves in buildings. ‘Umar said : He then went away, and I waited for three days, then he said : Do you know who the questioner was, ʿUmar? I replied : Allah and his Apostle know best. He said : He was Gabriel who came to you to teach you your religion.  

كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي الْقَدَرِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ مَعْبَدٌ الْجُهَنِيُّ فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حَاجَّيْنِ أَوْ مُعْتَمِرَيْنِ فَقُلْنَا لَوْ لَقِينَا أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُ هَؤُلاَءِ فِي الْقَدَرِ فَوَفَّقَ اللَّهُ لَنَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ دَاخِلاً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَاكْتَنَفْتُهُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبِي سَيَكِلُ الْكَلاَمَ إِلَىَّ فَقُلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ ظَهَرَ قِبَلَنَا نَاسٌ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَتَفَقَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لاَ قَدَرَ وَالأَمْرُ أُنُفٌ فَقَالَ إِذَا لَقِيتَ أُولَئِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْهُمْ وَهُمْ بُرَآءُ مِنِّي وَالَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ لَوْ أَنَّ لأَحَدِهِمْ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا فَأَنْفَقَهُ مَا قَبِلَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ بَيْنَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعْرِ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ نَعْرِفُهُ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ وَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الإِسْلاَمُ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَعَجِبْنَا لَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِيمَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِحْسَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَاتِهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ قَالَ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ فَلَبِثْتُ ثَلاَثًا ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا عُمَرُ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ  

[Machine] I saw the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, passing by the market of Thul-Majaz while I was in a shop of mine. He passed by wearing a red garment, and I heard him saying, "O people, say there is no god but Allah, you will be successful." A man was following him and throwing stones at him, causing his ankle to bleed. The man was saying, "O people, do not listen to him, for he is a liar." I asked, "Who is this?" It was said, "A young boy from the Banu Abd al-Muttalib." When Allah revealed Islam, we left our retreat with our possessions, including a red camel, until we reached close to Madinah. As we were sitting, a man approached us wearing two white garments and greeted us. He asked, "Where are you from?" We replied, "From the retreat, and we have a red camel with us." He asked, "Are you selling me this camel?" We answered, "Yes." He then asked, "For how much?" We replied, "For such and such an amount of dates." He took them without counting, and grabbed the reins of the camel, riding away until he disappeared within the walls of Madinah. At that moment, some of us asked each other, "Do you know this man?" No one knew him. So, some people from the group said, "You are giving your camel to someone you do not know?" The camel's owner said, "Do not worry, for I have seen a man who would never betray us, and I have not seen anything more resembling the moon, next to him, on the night of the full moon." In the evening, a man came to us and greeted us, saying, "Peace be upon you, and may the mercy and blessings of Allah be upon you. Are you the ones who came from the retreat?" We said, "Yes." He said, "I am the Messenger of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and he commands you to eat from these dates until you are satisfied and take (some) with you until you are full." We ate from the dates until we were full and took some with us until we were full. The next day, we arrived in Madinah and found the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, standing and delivering a sermon to the people from the pulpit. I heard him saying, "The hand that gives is better than the hand that takes, and you should start with those whom you support, your mother, your father, your sister, your brother, and the one who is nearest to you." Then, a man from the Ansar stood up and said, "O Messenger of Allah, these are the sons of Tha'laba bin Yarbua who killed so-and-so during the Jahiliyyah, so grant us revenge for our killed." The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, lifted his hands until I saw the whiteness of his armpits and said, "A mother should not be made to suffer for her child, nor a child made to suffer for his mother."  

رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّ بِسُوقِ ذِي الْمَجَازِ وَأَنَا فِي بِيَاعَةٍ لِي فَمَرَّ وَعَلَيْهِ حُلَّةٌ حَمْرَاءُ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ تُفْلِحُوا» وَرَجُلٌ يَتْبَعُهُ يَرْمِيهِ بِالْحِجَارَةِ قَدْ أَدْمَى كَعْبَهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَا تُطِيعُوا هَذَا فَإِنَّهُ كَذَّابٌ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ هَذَا؟ فَقِيلَ غُلَامٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَلَمَّا أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ الْإِسْلَامَ خَرَجْنَا مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ وَمَعَنَا ظَعِينَةٌ لَنَا حَتَّى نَزَلْنَا قَرِيبًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ قُعُودًا إِذْ أَتَانَا رَجُلٌ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبَانِ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْنَا فَقَالَ مِنْ أَيْنَ الْقَوْمُ؟ فَقُلْنَا مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ وَمَعَنَا جَمَلٌ أَحْمَرُ فَقَالَ تَبِيعُونِي هَذَا الْجَمَلَ؟ فَقُلْنَا نَعَمْ فَقَالَ بِكَمْ؟ فَقُلْنَا بِكَذَا وَكَذَا صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ قَالَ أَخَذْتُهُ وَمَا اسْتَقْصَى فَأَخَذَ بِخِطَامِ الْجَمَلِ فَذَهَبَ بِهِ حَتَّى تَوَارَى فِي حِيطَانِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضٍ تَعْرِفُونَ الرَّجُلَ؟ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ يَعْرِفُهُ فَلَامَ الْقَوْمُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا فَقَالُوا تُعْطُونَ جَمَلَكُمْ مَنْ لَا تَعْرِفُونَ؟ فَقَالَتِ الظَّعِينَةُ فَلَا تَلَاوَمُوا فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا رَجُلًا لَا يَغْدِرُ بِكُمْ مَا رَأَيْتُ شَيْئًا أَشْبَهَ بِالْقَمَرِ لَيْلَةَ الْبَدْرِ مِنْ وَجْهِهِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْعَشِيُّ أَتَانَا رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ أَأَنْتُمُ الَّذِينَ جِئْتُمْ مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ؟ قُلْنَا نَعَمْ قَالَ أَنَا رَسُولُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيْكُمْ وَهُوَ «يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ هَذَا التَّمْرِ حَتَّى تَشْبَعُوا وَتَكْتَالُوا حَتَّى تَسْتَوْفُوا» فَأَكَلْنَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ حَتَّى شَبِعْنَا وَاكْتَلْنَا حَتَّى اسْتَوْفَيْنَا ثُمَّ قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ مِنَ الْغَدِ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَائِمٌ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ يَدُ الْمُعْطِي الْعُلْيَا وَابْدَأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ أُمَّكَ وَأَبَاكَ وَأُخْتَكَ وَأَخَاكَ وَأَدْنَاكَ أَدْنَاكَ وَثَمَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَؤُلَاءِ بَنُو ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ يَرْبُوعَ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوا فُلَانًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَخُذْ لَنَا بِثَأْرِنَا فَرَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ بَيَاضَ إِبْطَيْهِ فَقَالَ «لَا تَجْنِي أُمٌّ عَلَى وَلَدٍ لَا تَجْنِي أُمٌّ عَلَى وَلَدٍ»  

[Machine] "I came to the Prophet ﷺ and he presented Islam to me. So, I accepted Islam and he taught me some verses from the Qur'an. Then, I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I have performed some deeds during the time of ignorance. Will there be any reward for me?' He asked, 'What did you do?' I replied, 'I lost two she-camels and I followed them on a camel of mine until I found two houses in the middle of nowhere. I intended to claim them but I found an elderly man in one of them. I asked him if he had seen my two she-camels and he said, 'Yes, we found them and sold them. Allah has blessed us with them and they have benefited two families from your people, the Arabs, from the Mudar tribe.' While he was talking to me, a woman from the other house called out that she had given birth. He asked about the gender of the child, and if it was a boy, it would have been considered a part of their family. But if it was a girl, he requested me to bury her. The woman gave birth to a girl, so I asked, 'What is this newborn?' He replied, 'She is my daughter.' I said, 'I will buy her from you.' He then said, 'O brother from the Banu Tamim tribe, would you buy my daughter, while I am a man from the Arabs, from the Mudar tribe?' I responded, 'I will not buy her as a slave, but I will buy her to set her free. I will not allow her to be killed.' He asked, 'What will you give in exchange?' I said, 'I will give you my two she-camels and their offspring, and you will also receive my camel as an addition to the deal.' He agreed and said, 'In that case, send someone with me as a witness.' When I reached my people, I would return your camel to you.' However, during the night, I thought to myself that this was a great opportunity and no Arab had seized it before me. Islam has emerged and I have benefited from it by acquiring 366 camels in return. Each of them was bought with two she-camels and a camel. Will I receive any reward for that?' The Prophet ﷺ replied, 'You will be rewarded for it, as Allah has bestowed His blessings upon you through Islam.'" [This narration was considered as reliable by Imam Al-Dhahabi].  

قَدِمْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَعَرَضَ عَلَيَّ الْإِسْلَامَ فَأَسْلَمْتُ وَعَلَّمَنِي آيَاتٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي عَمِلْتُ أَعْمَالًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَهَلْ لِي فِيهَا مِنْ أَجْرٍ قَالَ «وَمَا عَمِلْتَ» فَقُلْتُ ضَلَّتْ نَاقَتَانِ لِي عَشْرَاوَانِ فَخَرَجْتُ أَتْبَعُهُمَا عَلَى جَمَلٍ لِي فَرُفِعَ لِي بَيْتَانَ فِي فَضَاءٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَقَصَدْتُ قَصْدَهُمَا فَوَجَدْتُ فِي أَحَدِهِمَا شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا فَقُلْتُ أَحْسَسْتُمْ نَاقَتَيْنِ عَشْرَاوَيْنِ فَأُنَادِيهِمَا فَقَالَ مِقْسَمُ بْنُ دَارِمٍ قَدْ أَصَبْنَا نَاقَتَيْكَ وَبِعْنَاهُمَا وَقَدْ نَعَشَ اللَّهُ بِهِمَا أَهْلَ بَيْتَيْنِ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ مِنْ مُضَرَ فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ يُخَاطِبُنِي إِذْ نَادَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ الْآخَرِ وَلَدَتْ وَلَدَتْ قَالَ وَمَا وَلَدَتْ إِنْ كَانَ غُلَامًا فَقَدْ شَرِكْنَا فِي قَوْمِنَا وَإِنْ كَانَتْ جَارِيَةً فَادْفِنِيهَا فَقَالَتْ جَارِيَةٌ فَقُلْتُ وَمَا هَذِهِ الْمَوْلُودَةُ؟ قَالَ ابْنَةٌ لِي فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي أَشْتَرِيهَا مِنْكَ فَقَالَ يَا أَخَا بَنِي تَمِيمٍ أَتَبِيعُ ابْنَتَكَ وَإِنِّي رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ مِنْ مُضَرَ فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي لَا أَشْتَرِي مِنْكَ رَقَبَتَهَا بَلْ إِنَّمَا أَشْتَرِي مِنْكَ رُوحَهَا أَنْ لَا تَقْتُلَهَا قَالَ بِمَ تَشْتَرِيهَا فَقُلْتُ بِنَاقَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ وَوَلَدِهِمَا قَالَ وَتَزِيدُنِي بَعِيرَكَ هَذَا قُلْتُ نَعَمْ عَلَى أَنْ تُرْسِلَ مَعِي رَسُولًا فَإِذَا بَلَغْتُ إِلَى أَهْلِي رَدَدْتُ إِلَيْهِ الْبَعِيرَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي بَعْضِ اللَّيْلِ فَكَّرْتُ فِي نَفْسِي أَنَّ هَذِهِ مَكْرُمَةٌ مَا سَبَقَنِي إِلَيْهَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ وَظَهَرَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَقَدْ أَحْيَيْتُ بِثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ وَسِتِّينَ مِنَ الَمَوْءُودَةِ اشْتَرَىَ كُلَّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ بِنَاقَتَيْنِ عَشْرَاوَيْنِ وَجَمَلٍ فَهَلْ لِي فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَجْرٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «تَمَّ لَكَ أَجْرُهُ إِذْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ بِالْإِسْلَامِ» قَالَ عَبَّادٌ وَمِصْدَاقُ قَوْلِ صَعْصَعَةَ قَوْلُ الْفَرَزْدَقِ [البحر المتقارب] وَجَدِّي الَّذِي مَنَعَ الْوَائِدَاتِ فَأَحْيَا الْوَئِيدَ فَلَمْ يُوئَدِسكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

[Machine] I said, "O Abu Abdullah al-Rahman, referring to Ibn Umar, there are people who claim that there is no fate (predestination). He said: Do we have anyone among us like them? I said, No. He said: Then convey to them from me that when you meet them, indeed Ibn Umar disassociates himself from you and you disassociate yourselves from him." Umar ibn al-Khattab narrated to us that while we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , a man came who had no signs of travel nor was he from the people of the city. He came and sat in front of the Messenger of Allah. He said, "O Muhammad, what is Islam? He said, "Islam is that you bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and you establish prayer, give zakah, perform Hajj, perform Umrah, cleanse yourself from major impurity, complete ablution, and fast during Ramadan." He said, "If I do all of that, would I be a Muslim?" He said, "Yes." He said, "You have spoken the truth." He asked, "O Muhammad, what is faith (imaan)?" He said, "Faith is that you believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and you believe in the Day of Judgment, and you believe in fate, its good and its evil." He said, "If I do all of that, would I be a believer (mu'min)?" He said, "Yes." He said, "You have spoken the truth." He asked, "O Muhammad, what is excellence (ihsan)?" He said, "Excellence is that you worship Allah as if you see Him, and even though you do not see Him, He sees you." He asked, "If I do that, would I be excellent (muhsin)?" He said, "Yes." He said, "You have spoken the truth." He asked, "O Muhammad, when is the Hour (Day of Judgment)?" He said, "Glory be to Allah, the one who is asked about it knows no more than the questioner, but if you wish, I will inform you about its signs." He said, "Yes." He said, "When you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings and when you see women giving birth to their mistresses, that is among the signs of the Hour." He said, "You have spoken the truth." Then the man left, and the Prophet ﷺ said, "O Umar, do you know who this man was?" We said, "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "This was Gabriel who came to teach you your religion."  

قُلْتُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَعْنِي لِابْنِ عُمَرَ إِنَّ أَقْوَامًا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لَيْسَ قَدَرٌ قَالَ هَلْ عِنْدَنَا مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَأَبْلِغْهُمْ عَنِّي إِذَا لَقِيتَهُمْ إِنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَبْرَأُ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ بُرَآءُ مِنْهُ حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أُنَاسٍ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ سَحْنَاءُ سَفَرٍ وَلَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَلَدِ يَتَخَطَّى حَتَّى وَرَكَ فَجَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ «الْإِسْلَامُ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَأَنْ تُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَحُجَّ وَتَعْتَمِرَ وَتَغْتَسِلَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ وَأَنْ تُتِمَّ الْوُضُوءَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ» قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُسْلِمٌ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ «أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْمِيزَانِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ» قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَنَا مُؤْمِنٌ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ «الْإِحْسَانُ أَنْ تَعْمَلَ لِلَّهِ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لَا تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ» قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ هَذَا فَأَنَا مُحْسِنٌ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ» قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ قَالَ «سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ مَا الْمَسْؤُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَلَكِنْ إِنْ شِئْتَ نَبَّأْتُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا» قَالَ أَجَلْ قَالَ «إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْعَالَةَ الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ وَكَانُوا مُلُوكًا» قَالَ مَا الْعَالَةُ الْحُفَاةُ الْعُرَاةُ؟ قَالَ «الْعُرَيْبُ» قَالَ «وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْأَمَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّتَهَا فَذَلِكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِ السَّاعَةِ» قَالَ صَدَقْتَ ثُمَّ نَهَضَ فَوَلَّى فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «عَلَيَّ بِالرَّجُلِ» فَطَلَبْنَاهُ كُلَّ مَطْلَبٍ فَلَمْ نَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «هَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَنْ هَذَا؟ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ لَيُعَلِّمَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ خُذُوا عَنْهُ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا شُبِّهَ عَلَيَّ مُنْذُ أَتَانِي قَبْلَ مَرَّتِي هَذِهِ وَمَا عَرَفْتُهُ حَتَّى وَلَّى» *  

[Machine] "I saw the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , passing through the market of Dhi al-Majaz while I was in my shop. He passed by wearing a red garment, and I heard him saying, 'O people, say there is no god but Allah, and you will succeed.' A man following him was throwing stones at him, causing his heels to bleed. The man said, 'O people, do not obey him, for he is a liar.' I asked, 'Who is this?' They said, 'He is a young boy from the Bani Abd al-Muttalib tribe.' I asked, 'Who is the one throwing stones at him?' They said, 'His uncle, Abd al-Uzza Abu Lahab bin Abd al-Muttalib.' When Allah made Islam apparent, we left the mountain pass, and we had with us a herd of camels. We came close to the city when we were sitting down, and a man wearing two garments greeted us. He asked, 'Which tribe are you from?' We replied, 'We are from the mountain pass, and we have with us a red camel.' He asked, 'Are you selling the camel?' We replied, 'Yes.' He asked, 'For how much?' We said, 'For this much and this much (giving the measurement in weight) of dates.' He said, 'I take it.' He took hold of the camel's reins and went away with it until he disappeared into the city walls. Some of us said to each other, 'Do you know who this man is?' None of us knew him, so the people started asking each other, 'Are you selling your camels to someone you do not know?' The herd of camels replied, 'Do not blame each other, for we have seen a man who will not betray you. We have not seen anyone whose face resembles the full moon on the night of the full moon.' When evening came, a man came to us and greeted us, saying, 'Peace and Allah's mercy be upon you. Are you the people who came from the mountain pass?' We replied, 'Yes.' He said, 'I am the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , and he commands you to eat from these dates until you are satisfied and take as much as you can hold in your hands.' So we ate from the dates until we were satisfied and took as much as we could hold. The next day, we arrived in the city, and there was the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , standing on the pulpit, addressing the people. I heard him say, 'The hand that gives is better than the hand that takes, and start with those who rely on you the most—your mother, your father, your sister, your brother—and work your way down.' Then a man from the Ansar stood up and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, these are the sons of Tha'laba bin Yarbu, who killed so and so during the time of ignorance. Take revenge on our behalf.' The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , raised his hands until I could see the whiteness of his armpits and said, 'A mother should not be held accountable for her child, a mother should not be held accountable for her child.' And he repeated the hadith, which was also narrated by Abu Jannab al-Kalbi from Jamee bin Shaddad."  

رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مَرَّ بِسُوقِ ذِي الْمَجَازِ وَأَنَا فِي بَيَاعَةٍ لِي فَمَرَّ وَعَلَيْهِ حُلَّةٌ حَمْرَاءُ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ تُفْلِحُوا وَرَجُلٌ يَتَّبِعُهُ يَرْمِيهِ بِالْحِجَارَةِ قَدْ أَدْمَى كَعْبَيْهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَا تُطِيعُوا هَذَا؛ فَإِنَّهُ كَذَّابٌ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ هَذَا؟ فَقِيلَ هَذَا غُلَامٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَقُلْتُ فَمَنْ هَذَا يَرْمِيهِ بِالْحِجَارَةِ؟ قِيلَ عَمُّهُ عَبْدُ الْعُزَّى أَبُو لَهَبِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَلَمَّا أَظْهَرَ اللهُ الْإِسْلَامَ خَرَجْنَا مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ وَمَعَنَا ظَعِينَةٌ حَتَّى نَزَلْنَا قَرِيبًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ قُعُودٌ إِذْ أَتَانَا رَجُلٌ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبَانِ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْنَا فَقَالَ مِنْ أِيِّ الْقَوْمِ؟ فَقُلْنَا مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ وَمَعَنَا جَمَلٌ أَحْمَرُ فَقَالَ تَبِيعُونِي الْجَمَلَ؟ قُلْنَا نَعَمْ فَقَالَ بِكَمْ؟ فَقُلْنَا بِكَذَا وَكَذَا صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ قَالَ قَدْ أَخَذْتُهُ وَمَا اسْتَقْصَى فَأَخَذَ بِخِطَامِ الْجَمَلِ فَذَهَبَ بِهِ حَتَّى تَوَارَى فِي حِيطَانِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضٍ تَعْرِفُونَ الرَّجُلَ؟ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ يَعْرِفُهُ فَلَامَ الْقَوْمُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا فَقَالُوا تُعْطُونَ جَمَلَكُمْ مَنْ لَا تَعْرِفُونَ فَقَالَتِ الظَّعِينَةُ فَلَا تَلَاوَمُوا فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا رَجُلًا لَا يَغْدِرُ بِكُمْ مَا رَأَيْتُ شَيْئًا أَشْبَهَ بِالْقَمِرِ لَيْلَةَ الْبَدْرِ مِنْ وَجْهِهِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْعَشِيُّ أَتَانَا رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ أَأَنْتُمُ الَّذِينَ جِئْتُمْ مِنَ الرَّبَذَةِ؟ قُلْنَا نَعَمْ قَالَ أَنَا رَسُولُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ هَذَا التَّمْرِ حَتَّى تَشْبَعُوا وَتَكْتَالُوا حَتَّى تَسْتَوْفُوا فَأَكَلْنَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ حَتَّى شَبِعْنَا وَاكْتَلْنَا حَتَّى اسْتَوْفَيْنَا ثُمَّ قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ مِنَ الْغَدِ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَائِمٌ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ يَدُ الْمُعْطِي الْعُلْيَا وَابْدَأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ أُمَّكَ وَأَبَاكَ وَأُخْتَكَ وَأَخَاكَ وَأَدْنَاكَ أَدْنَاكَ وَثَمَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ هَؤُلَاءِ بَنُو ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ يَرْبُوعٍ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوا فُلَانًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَخُذْ لَنَا بِثَأْرِنَا فَرَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ بَيَاضَ إِبْطَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَا تَجْنِي أُمٌّ عَلَى وَلَدٍ لَا تَجْنِي أُمٌّ عَلَى وَلَدٍ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَبُو جَنَابٍ الْكَلْبِيُّ عَنْ جَامِعِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ  

[Machine] I saw Umar ibn Al-Khattab before he was struck by the days in Medina. He stood with Hudhaifah ibn Al-Yaman and Uthman ibn Hunayf and said, "How have you two managed to bear the burden of the earth that it cannot bear?" They said, "We have carried it by a command that it can bear." Hudhaifah said, "If I were to carry it, it would be weakened." Uthman ibn Hunayf said, "I have carried it by a command that it can bear, without any great favor." Umar then said, "See that you have not carried the burden of the earth that it cannot bear." They said, "No." Umar said, "If Allah grants me safety, I will leave the widows of Iraq without needing any man after me." He said, "Only four things came upon him until he was struck." He said, "And between me and him, there is no one except Abdullah ibn Abbas in the morning." He said, "And he used to stand between the rows. If he saw any disorder among them, he would say, 'Stand still until there is no disorder among them.' Then he would proceed and say the takbir." He said, "And perhaps he would recite Surah Yusuf or An-Nahl or something similar in the first raka'a until the people gathered." He said, "And it was only that he would say the takbir." He said, "I heard him say, 'The dog has killed me or the dog has eaten me,' when he was stabbed. Then he flew out of the wound with a double-edged knife that would not pass by anyone to the right or left except that it would stab him, until he stabbed thirteen men and nine of them died. When he saw that, a Muslim man threw a cloak on him. When the assassin thought that he had taken hold of him, he slit his own throat." He said, "And Umar held the hand of Abdullah ibn Awf and brought him forward." He said, "Who will take care of Umar? He has seen what he has seen." He said, "Regarding the surroundings of the mosque, they did not know anything except that they had lost the voice of Umar while they were saying, 'Subhan Allah, Subhan Allah.' Abdul-Rahman ibn Awf led them in a light prayer. When they finished, Umar said, 'O Ibn Abbas, see who killed me.' He went for a while and then came back and said, 'The slave of Al-Mughirah killed him.' He said, 'Really?' After they all spoke with their tongues and prayed towards their qibla and performed the Hajj according to their rites, he was brought to his house. We then left with him." He said, "And it was as if the people had not been affected by any calamity before that day. Some were saying, 'There is no harm,' while others were saying, 'We fear for him.' So they brought some wine and he drank it, and it came out of his wound. Then they brought some milk and he drank it, and it came out of his wound. They recognized that he was dead, and he mentioned this incident in his will and in the command to consult each other."  

رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصَابَ بِأَيَّامٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَقَفَ عَلَى حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ فَعَلْتُمَا تَخَافَانِ أَنْ تَكُونَا قَدْ حَمَّلْتُمَا الْأَرْضَ مَا لَا تُطِيقُ؟ قَالَا حَمَّلْنَاهَا أَمْرًا هِيَ لَهُ مُطِيقَةٌ وَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ لَوْ حَمَّلْتُ عَلَيْهَا أُضْعِفَتْ وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ حُنَيْفٍ حَمَّلْتُهَا أَمْرًا هِيَ لَهُ مُطِيقَةٌ مَا فِيهَا كَبِيرُ فَضْلٍ قَالَ انْظُرْ أَلَّا تَكُونَا حَمَّلْتُمَا الْأَرْضَ مَا لَا تُطِيقُ قَالَا لَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ لَئِنْ سَلَّمَنِي اللهُ لَأَدَعَنَّ أَرَامِلَ الْعِرَاقِ لَا يَحْتَجْنَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ بَعْدِي قَالَ فَمَا أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةٌ حَتَّى أُصِيبَ قَالَ وَإِنِّي لَقَائِمٌ مَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ إِلَّا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ غَدَاةَ أُصِيبَ قَالَ وَكَانَ إِذَا مَرَّ بَيْنَ الصَّفَّيْنِ قَامَ فَإِنْ رَأَى خَلَلًا قَالَ اسْتَوُوا حَتَّى إِذَا لَمْ يَرَ فِيهِمْ خَلَلًا تَقَدَّمَ فَكَبَّرَ قَالَ وَرُبَّمَا قَرَأَ بِسُورَةِ يُوسُفَ أَوِ النَّحْلِ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ قَالَ فَمَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ كَبَّرَ قَالَ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ قَتَلَنِي الْكَلْبُ أَوْ أَكَلَنِي الْكَلْبُ حِينَ طَعَنَهُ فَطَارَ الْعِلْجُ بِالسِّكِّينِ ذَاتِ طَرَفَيْنِ لَا يَمُرُّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ يَمِينًا وَلَا شِمَالًا إِلَّا طَعَنَهُ حَتَّى طَعَنَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا فَمَاتَ مِنْهُمْ تِسْعَةٌ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ طَرَحَ عَلَيْهِ بُرْنُسًا فَلَمَّا ظَنَّ الْعِلْجُ أَنَّهُ مَأْخُوذٌ نَحَرَ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ وَتَنَاوَلَ عُمَرُ يَدَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ؓ ا فَقَدَّمَهُ قَالَ فَمَنْ يلِي عُمَرَ ؓ فَقَدْ رَأَى الَّذِي رَأَى وَأَمَّا نَوَاحِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَدْرُونَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُمْ فَقَدُوا صَوْتَ عُمَرَ ؓ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ قَالَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ؓ صَلَاةً خَفِيفَةً فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفُوا قَالَ يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ انْظُرْ مَنْ قَتَلَنِي فَجَالَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ غُلَامُ الْمُغِيرَةِ فَقَالَ الصَّنِعُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ قَاتَلَهُ اللهُ لَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَمَرْتُ بِهِ مَعْرُوفًا فَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يجْعَلْ مِيتَتِي بِيَدِ رَجُلٍ يَدَّعِي الْإِسْلَامَ وَقَالَ قَدْ كُنْتَ أَنْتَ وَأَبُوكَ تُحِبَّانِ أَنْ تَكْثُرَ الْعُلُوجُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ وَكَانَ الْعَبَّاسُ ؓ أَكْثَرَهُمْ رَقِيقًا فَقَالَ إِنْ شِئْتَ فَعَلْنَا أَيْ إِنْ شِئْتَ قَتَلْنَا قَالَ كَذَبْتَ بَعْدَمَا تَكَلَّمُوا بِلِسَانِكُمْ وَصَلَّوْا قِبْلَتَكُمْ وَحَجُّوا حَجَّكُمْ فَاحْتُمِلَ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ فَانْطَلَقْنَا مَعَهُ قَالَ وَكَأَنَّ النَّاسَ لَمْ تُصِبْهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَبْلَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ لَا بَأْسَ وَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ نَخَافُ عَلَيْهِ فَأُتِيَ بِنَبِيذٍ فَشَرِبَهُ فَخَرَجَ مِنْ جُرْحِهِ ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِلَبَنٍ فَشَرِبَهُ فَخَرَجَ مِنْ جُرْحِهِ فَعَرَفُوا أَنَّهُ مَيِّتٌ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي وَصَايَاهُ وَأَمْرِ الشُّورَى  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an army to Banu al-Anbar. They captured them at Rukbah in the suburbs of at-Ta'if and drove them to the Holy Prophet ﷺ. I rode hurriedly to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and said: Peace be on you, Messenger of Allah, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Your contingent came to us and arrested us, but we had already embraced Islam and cut the sides of the ears of our cattle. When Banu al-Anbar arrived, the Holy Prophet ﷺ said to me: Have you any evidence that you had embraced Islam before you were captured today? I said: Yes. He said: Who is your witness? I said: Samurah, a man from Banu al-Anbar, and another man whom he named. The man testified but Samurah refused to testify. The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: He (Samurah) has refused to testify for you, so take an oath with your other witness. I said: Yes. He then dictated an oath to me and I swore to the effect that we had embraced Islam on a certain day, and that we had cut the sides of the ears of the cattle. The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: Go and divide half of their property, but do not touch their children. Had Allah not disliked the wastage of action, we should not have taxed you even a rope. Zubayb said: My mother called me and said: This man has taken my mattress. I then went to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and informed him. He said to me: Detain him. So I caught him with a garment around his neck, and stood there with him . Then the Holy Prophet ﷺ looked at us standing there. He asked: What do you intend (doing) with your captive? I said: I shall let him go free if he returns to this (man) the mattress of his mother which he has taken from her. He said: Prophet of Allah ﷺ, I no longer have it. He said: The Holy Prophet ﷺ took the sword of the man and gave it to me, and said to him: Go and give him some sa's of cereal. So he gave me some sa's of barley. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3612)   

سَمِعْتُ جَدِّي الزَّبِيبَ يَقُولُ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَيْشًا إِلَى بَنِي الْعَنْبَرِ فَأَخَذُوهُمْ بِرَكِيَّةٍ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الطَّائِفِ فَاسْتَاقُوهُمْ إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَكِبْتُ فَسَبَقْتُهُمْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ أَتَانَا جُنْدُكَ فَأَخَذُونَا وَقَدْ كُنَّا أَسْلَمْنَا وَخَضْرَمْنَا آذَانَ النَّعَمِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ بَلْعَنْبَرٍ قَالَ لِي نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ هَلْ لَكُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّكُمْ أَسْلَمْتُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُؤْخَذُوا فِي هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامِ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ مَنْ بَيِّنَتُكَ ؟ قُلْتُ سَمُرَةُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْعَنْبَرِ وَرَجُلٌ آخَرُ سَمَّاهُ لَهُ فَشَهِدَ الرَّجُلُ وَأَبَى سَمُرَةُ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ فَقَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَبَى أَنْ يَشْهَدَ لَكَ فَتَحْلِفُ مَعَ شَاهِدِكَ الْآخَرِ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَاسْتَحْلَفَنِي فَحَلَفْتُ بِاللهِ لَقَدْ أَسْلَمْنَا يَوْمَ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَخَضْرَمْنَا آذَانَ النَّعَمِ فَقَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ اذْهَبُوا فَقَاسِمُوهُمْ أَنْصَافَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَلَا تَمَسُّوا ذَرَارِيَّهُمْ لَوْلَا أَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ لَا يُحِبُّ ضَلَالَةَ الْعَمَلِ مَا رَزَئْنَاكُمْ عِقَالًا قَالَ الزَّبِيبُ فَدَعَتْنِي أُمِّي فَقَالَتْ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ أَخَذَ زِرْبِيَّتِي فَانْصَرَفْتُ إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ يَعْنِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ لِي احْبِسْهُ فَأَخَذْتُ بِتَلْبِيبِهِ وَقُمْتُ مَعَهُ مَكَانَنَا ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَائِمَيْنِ فَقَالَ مَا تُرِيدُ بِأَسِيرِكَ ؟ فَأَرْسَلْتُهُ مِنْ يَدِيَّ فَقَامَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ رُدَّ عَلَى هَذَا زِرْبِيَّةَ أُمِّهِ الَّتِي أَخَذْتَ مِنْهَا فَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ إِنَّهَا خَرَجَتْ مِنْ يَدِيَّ قَالَ فَاخْتَلَعَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ سَيْفَ الرَّجُلِ فَأَعْطَانِيهِ فَقَالَ لِرَجُلٍ اذْهَبْ فَزِدْهُ آصُعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ قَالَ فَزَادَنِي آصُعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ قَوْلُهُ خَضْرَمْنَا آذَانَ النَّعَمِ يُرِيدُ قَطَعْنَا أَطْرَافَ آذَانِهَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ عَلَامَةً بَيْنَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَبَيْنَ مَنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ قَالَهُ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قَالَ وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ اسْتِعْمَالُ الْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ فِي غَيْرِ الْأَمْوَالِ إِلَّا أَنَّ إِسْنَادَهُ لَيْسَ بِذَاكَ قَالَ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَيْضًا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْيَمِينُ قُصِدَ بِهَا هَهُنَا الْمَالُ لِأَنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ يَحْقِنُ الْمَالَ كَمَا يَحْقِنُ الدَّمَ  

"عنِ الْحَسَنِ: أَنَّ سُرَاقَةَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ الْمُدْلَجِىِّ حَدَّثَهُمْ أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا جَعَلَتْ فِى رَسُول الله ﷺ وَأَبِى بَكْرٍ أَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا أنَا جالِسٌ إِذْ جَاءنِى رَجُلٌ، فَقالَ: إِنّ الرَّجُلَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ جَعَلَتْ قُرَيْشٌ فِيهِمَا مَا جَعَلَتْ قَرِيبٌ مِنْكَ بِمَكانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَأَتَيْتُ فَرَسِى (وَهُوَ المُوعى فَنَضَرْتُ بِه (* * *))، ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُ رُمْحِى فَرَكِبْتُهُ، فَجَعَلْتُ أَجُرُّ الرُّمْحَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَشْرَكَنِى فِيهِما أَهْلُ الْمَاءِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُما، قالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: هَذَا بَاغٍ يَبْغِينا،

فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَىَّ النَّبِىُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ اكفِنَاهُ بِمَا شِئْتَ، قَالَ: فَوَحِلَ فَرَسِى وَإِنِّى لَفِى جَلَدٍ (*) مِنَ الأَرْضِ فَوَقَعْتُ عَلَى حَجَرٍ، فَانْقَلَبَ، فَقُلْتُ: أَدْعُو الَّذِى فَعَلَ بِفرَسِى مَا أَرَى أَنْ يُخَلِّصَهُ، وَعَاهَدَهُ أَنْ لَا يَعْصِيَهُ، فَدَعا لَهُ فَخَلَصَ الْفَرَسُ. فَقالَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ : أَوَاهِبُهُ أَنْتَ لِى؟ فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ: فَهَاهُنا، قَالَ: فَعَمِّ عَنَّا النَّاسَ، وَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ السَّاحِلَ (* *) مِمَّا يَلِى الْبَحْر، فَكُنْتُ أَوَّلَ النَّهارِ لَهُمْ طَالِبًا، وآخِرَ اللَّيْلِ لَهُمْ مَسْلَحَةً (* * *)، وقَالَ لِى: إِذَا اسْتَقَرَرْنا بِالْمَدِينَة فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تَأتِينَا فَأتِنَا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَظَهَرَ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ وَأُحُدٍ وَأَسْلَمَ النَّاسُ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُمْ بَلَغَنى أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ خَالِدَ ابْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى بَنى مُدْلَجٍ، فَأَتَيْتُهُ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَنْشُدُكَ النِّعْمَةَ، فَقالَ الْقَوْمُ: مَهْ. فَقالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ دَعُوهُ، فَقالَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ : مَا تُريدُ؟ فَقُلْتُ: بَلَغَنى أَنَّكَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَبْعَثَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى قَوْمِى، فَأَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تُوادِعَهُمْ، فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَ قَوْمُهُمْ أَسْلَمُوا مَعَهُمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمُوا لَمْ تَخْشُنْ صدُورُ قَوْمِهِمْ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ بِيَدِ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَقالَ لَهُ: اذْهَبْ مَعَهُ فَاصْنَعْ مَا أَرَادَ، فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَتْ قُرَيْشٌ أَسَلَمُوا مَعَهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ {وَدُّوا لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ كَمَا كَفَرُوا ... } حَتَّى بَلَغَ: {إِلَّا الَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ ... } الآية.

قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: فَالَّذِينَ حَصِرَتْ صُدُورُهُمْ بَنُو مُدْلَجٍ، فَمَنْ وَصَلَ إِلَى مُدْلِجٍ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ كَانَ فِى مِثْلِ عَهْدهِمْ".  

"عَنْ سلمانَ. كُنْتُ مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ أَسَاوِرَةِ فَارِسَ وَكُتِبَ (* *) لِى كِتابٌ وَمَعِى غُلَامانِ، وَكانَا إِذا رجعا مِنْ عِنْدَ مُعَلِّمِيْهِما أَتيا نَفْسًا (* * *) فَدَخَلا عَلَيْهِ، فَدَخَلْتُ مَعَهُما، فَقَالَ: أَلَمْ أَنَهَكُما أَنْ تأتِيانِى بِأَحدٍ؟ ! فَجَعَلْتُ أخْتَلِفُ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى كُنْتُ أَحبَّ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهُما. فَقالَ لِى: إِذَا سَأَلَكَ أَهْلُكَ مَنْ حَبَسَكَ فَقُلْ: مُعَلِّمِى، وإِذَا سَأَلَكَ مُعَلِّمُكَ مَنْ

حَبَسَكَ فَقُلْ: أَهْلى، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَرادَ أَنْ يَتَحَوَّلَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَنَا أَتَحَوَّلُ مَعَكَ، فَتَحَوَّلْتُ مَعَهُ، فَنَزَلْتُ قَرْيَةً، فَكانَت امْرأَةٌ تَأتِيه، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَ، قَالَ لى: يَا سَلْمانُ! احْفُرْ عِنْدَ رَأسِى، فَحَفَرْتُ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ، فَاسْتَخْرَجْتُ جَرَّةً مِنْ دراهَم، فَقَالَ لِى: صُبَّها عَلَى صَدْرى، فَصَبْبتُهَا عَلَى صَدْرِهِ، فَكَانَ يَقُولُ: وَيْلٌ لَاقْتَنَائِى، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ مَاتَ، فَقُلْتُ للرُّهْبَانِ، مَنْ لِى بِرَجُل عَالِمٍ أَتَّبِعُهُ، فَدَلُّونِى عَلَى رَجُلٍ فَأَتَيْتُهُ، فَقُلْتُ: ما جَاءنِى إِلا طَلَبُ العِلْمِ، قَالَ: فَإِنِّى واللهِ ما أَعْلَمُ اليَوْمَ رَجُلًا أَعْلَم مِنْ رَجُلٍ خَرَجَ بِأَرْضِى يَتِما (تهامة) (*) وَإِنْ تَنْطَلِقْ الآنَ تُوافِقْه وَفيه ثَلَاثُ آياتٍ، يَأكُلُ الْهَدِيَّةَ وَلَا يَأكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ، وَعنْدَ غُضْروفِ كَتِفِهِ اليُمْنَى خَاتَمُ النُّبوَة مِثْل بَيْضَةِ الْحَمَامَة لَوْنُها لَوْنُ جِلْدِهِ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ حَتَّى مَرَرْتُ بِقَوْمٍ مِنَ الأَعرابِ، فاسْتَعْبَدُونِى، فباعُونى حَتَّى اشْتَرَتْنى امْرأَةٌ منَ الْمَدِينَة، فسَمِعْتُهُمْ يَذْكُرون النَّبِىَّ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ لَها: هَبى لى يَوْمًا، قالَتْ: نعمَ، فَاحْتَطَبْتُ حَطَبًا، فَبعْتُهُ، فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِىَّ ﷺ وَكَانَ يَسيرًا فَوَضَعْتُهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْه، فَقالَ: ما هَذَا؟ قُلْتُ: صَدَقَةٌ، فَقالَ لأصْحابه. كُلُوا وَلَمْ يَأكُلْ، قُلْتُ: هَذَا مِنْ عَلَامَتِهِ، ثُمَّ مَكَثْتُ ما شَاءَ الله أَنْ أَمْكُثَ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ لِمَوْلَاتِى: هِبِى لى يَوْمًا، قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، فانطلقت واحْتَطَبْتُ حَطبًا فَبِعْتُهُ بِأكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَصَنَعْتُ طَعَامًا، فَأَتَيْتُ بِهِ النَّبِىَّ ﷺ وَهُوَ جالِسٌ بَيْنَ أَصْحابِهِ فَوَضَعْتُهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقالَ: مَا هَذَا؟ قُلْتُ: هَدِيَّةٌ، فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ فَقالَ لأَصْحَابِهِ: خُذوا بسْمِ اللهِ، وَقُمْتُ خَلْفَهُ فَوَضَعَ رِدَاءَهُ، فَإِذَا خَاتَمُ النُّبَوَّة، فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ. قَالَ: وَمَا ذَاكَ؟ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ عَن الرَّجُلِ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: أَيَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ ! فَإِنَّهُ حَدَّثَنِى أَنَّكَ نَبِىٌّ، قالَ: لَن يَدْخُلَ الجَنَّةَ إِلَّا نَفْسٌ مُسلِمَةٌ".  

"عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمنِ بْنِ غَنَم، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ أتَاهُ جِبْريلُ في صُورَةٍ لم يَعْرِفْهُ فِيها حَتَّى وَضَعَ يَدْهُ عَلَى رُكبتى رسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ: مَا الإسْلامُ؟ قَالَ الإسْلامُ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ وَجْهَكَ للهِ، وَتَشْهَد أنْ لا إِله إِلا اللهُ، وَأنَّ مُحَمدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ، وتقِيمَ الصَّلاةَ، وَتؤتِىَ الزَّكاة، قَالَ فإِذَا فعَلْتُ ذلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ صَدَقْتَ، قَالَ: فَمَا الإيمَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: الإيمانُ أنْ تُؤمِنَ بِاللهِ واليْومِ الآخِرِ، والملائِكَةِ، والكِتابِ، والنبيين، وَبالموتِ، وَبالحيَاةِ بَعْدَ الموتِ، والحِسَابِ والميزان، والجنَّةِ والنَّارِ، والقَدرِ كُلِّهِ خيره وشَرِّه، قَالَ: فإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقْدَ آمنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَم، قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، قَالَ: فَما الإحْسَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: تَخْشَى الله كأنَّكَ تراهُ، فإنَّكَ إنْ لا تكُ تَرَاهُ فإنَّهُ يَراكَ، قَالَ: فإِذَا فعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أمَنْتُ؟ قَالَ: نَعْم، قَالَ صَدَقْتَ، قَالَ: فما الإحْسَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قال: تَخْشَى اللهَ كأنَّكَ تراهُ، فَإنَّكَ إنْ لا تَكُ تَرَاهُ فإنَّه يَراكَ، قَالَ: فإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذلكَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْت؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ، قَالَ: فما السَّاعةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللهِ خمسٌ مِنْ الغيْب لا يَعْلمُهُن إلا الله ما المسئولُ عنهنَّ بأعلَم بهنَّ من السَّائِلِ، إنَّ اللهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ، وينزلُ الغيْثَ، ويعلمُ ما فِي الأرحَام، وما تدْرى نفْسٌ ماذا تكْسِبُ غدًا، ومَا تَدْرى نَفْسٌ بأىِّ أرْضٍ تموتُ، وإنْ شئتَ أخبرتُك بعلْمِ ما قبلَها، إذا وَلَدتِ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا، وتَطَاوَلَ أهل الشاء (*)، وَرأيْتَ الحُفَاةَ العراة (* *) عَلَى رِقابِ النَّاس قَالَ: وَمنَ هُم يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ ، قَالَ: غريب ثم وَلَّى الرَّجُلُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ : أيْن السائِلُ؟ قَالَوا: مَا رأينَا طَرِيْقَهُ مُذْ بَدَا، قَالَ ذَاكُمْ جِبْريلُ يعَلمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ، وَمَا جَاءَنِى قطُّ إلا عَرَفْتُهُ إلا اليوم".