51. Sūrat al-Dhāriyāt (1/2)

٥١۔ سُورَةُ الذَّاريَات ص ١

Qurʾān > Chapter 51
القرآن > كتاب ٥١

The Winnowing Winds (Meccan)

quran:51:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

By those ˹winds˺ scattering ˹dust˺ dispersing  

By the scatterers, the winds that scatter dust and other things, that scatter (dharwan is a verbal noun; one may also say, tadhrīhi dharyan, ‘it blows it ˹sweeping it˺ away’);
القرآن:٥١:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

وَالذَّارِيَاتِ ذَرْوًا  

{والذاريات} الرياح تذرو التراب وغيره {ذروا} مصدر، ويُقال تذريه ذريا تهب به.
quran:51:2 –

And those ˹clouds˺ carrying a load ˹of water˺  

and those that bear, the clouds that bear moisture ˹as˺, a burden (wiqran is the direct object of al-hāmilat, ‘those that bear’);
القرآن:٥١:٢ –

فَالْحَامِلَاتِ وِقْرًا  

{فالحاملات} السحب تحمل الماء {وقراً} ثقلا مفعول الحاملات
quran:51:3 –

And those ˹ships˺ sailing with ease  

and those that run, the ships that run upon the surface of the water, with ease (yusran is a verbal noun functioning as a circumstantial qualifier, that is to say, muyassaratan);
القرآن:٥١:٣ –

فَالْجَارِيَاتِ يُسْرًا  

{فالجاريات} السفن تجري على وجه الماء {يُسرا} بسهولة مصدر في موضع الحال، أي ميسرة.
quran:51:4 –

And those ˹angels˺ apportioning ˹each˺ matter,  

and those that apportion by command: the angels who distribute provisions and the rains and other things across the lands and to ˹all˺ servants,
القرآن:٥١:٤ –

فَالْمُقَسِّمَاتِ أَمْرًا  

{فالمقسمات أمرا} الملائكة تقسم الأرزاق والأمطار وغيرها بين البلاد والعباد.
quran:51:5 –

Indeed, what you are promised is true.  

assuredly what you are promised (mā, ‘what’, relates to the verbal action), in other words, the promise given to them of resurrection and other matters, is true, is indeed a true promise,
القرآن:٥١:٥ –

إِنَّمَا تُوعَدُونَ لَصَادِقٌ  

{إنما توعدون} ما مصدرية، أي وعدهم بالبعث وغيره {لصادق} لوعد صادق.
quran:51:6 –

And indeed, the recompense is to occur.  

and assuredly judgement, requital after the reckoning, will take place!, without doubt.
القرآن:٥١:٦ –

وَإِنَّ الدِّينَ لَوَاقِعٌ  

{وإن الدين} الجزاء بعد الحساب {لواقع} لا محالة.
quran:51:7 –

By the heaven containing pathways,  

And by the heaven with all its tracks (hubuk is the plural of habīka, similar ˹in pattern and meaning˺ to turuq, tarīqa, ‘paths’), that is to say, ˹by the heaven˺ that is created with tracks similar to tracks made in the sand,
القرآن:٥١:٧ –

وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْحُبُكِ  

{والسماء ذات الحبك} جمع حبيكة كطريقة وطريق أي صاحبة الطرق في الخلقة كالطريق في الرمل.
quran:51:8 –

Indeed, you are in differing speech.  

indeed you, O people of Mecca, with regard to the matter of the Prophet (s) and the Qur’ān, are of differing opinions: some say ˹of the Prophet that he is˺ ‘a poet’, ‘a sorcerer’, or ‘a soothsayer’, and ˹of the Qur’ān, that it is˺ ‘poetry’, ‘sorcery’, or ‘soothsaying’.
القرآن:٥١:٨ –

إِنَّكُمْ لَفِي قَوْلٍ مُخْتَلِفٍ  

{إنكم} يا أهل مكة في شأن النبي ﷺ والقرآن {لفي قول مختلف} قيل شاعر ساحر كاهن شعر سحر كهانة.
quran:51:9 –

Deluded away from the Qur'an is he who is deluded.  

He is turned away therefrom, from the Prophet (s) and the Qur’ān, that is, ˹turned away˺ from believing therein, who has deviated, ˹who has been˺ turned away from guidance in God’s, exalted be He.
القرآن:٥١:٩ –

يُؤْفَكُ عَنْهُ مَنْ أُفِكَ  

{يؤفك عنه من أفك} صرف عن الهداية في علم الله تعالى.
quran:51:10 –

Destroyed are the falsifiers  

Perish the conjecturers, accursed be the liars, those of differing opinions,
القرآن:٥١:١٠ –

قُتِلَ الْخَرَّاصُونَ  

{قُتل الخراصون} لعن الكذابون أصحاب القول المختلف.
quran:51:11 –

Who are within a flood ˹of confusion˺ and heedless.  

who are in a stupor, in ignorance that has stupefied them, heedless, oblivious of the matter of the Hereafter.
القرآن:٥١:١١ –

الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي غَمْرَةٍ سَاهُونَ  

{الذين هم في غمرة} جهل يغمرهم {ساهون} غافلون عن أمر الآخرة.
quran:51:12 –

They ask, "When is the Day of Recompense?"  

They ask, the Prophet, asking ˹him˺ derisively: ‘When is the Day of Judgement?’, in other words, ‘when will it come?’, and the response ˹given˺ to them is that it will come:
القرآن:٥١:١٢ –

يَسْأَلُونَ أَيَّانَ يَوْمُ الدِّينِ  

{يسألون} النبي استفهام استهزاء {أيان يوم الدين} أي متى مجيئه وجوابهم: يجيء.
quran:51:13 –

˹It is˺ the Day they will be tormented over the Fire  

on the day when they will be tormented in the Fire, that is to say, chastised in it, and it will be said to them during the chastisement:
القرآن:٥١:١٣ –

يَوْمَ هُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ يُفْتَنُونَ  

{يوم هم على النار يفتنون} أي يعذبون فيها ويقال لهم حين التعذيب.
quran:51:14 –

˹And will be told˺, "Taste your torment. This is that for which you were impatient."  

‘Taste this torment of yours, this chastisement of yours. This, chastisement, is what you sought to hasten on!’, in the world in derision.
القرآن:٥١:١٤ –

ذُوقُوا فِتْنَتَكُمْ هَٰذَا الَّذِي كُنْتُمْ بِهِ تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ  

{ذوقوا فتنتكم} تعذيبكم {هذا} التعذيب {الذي كنتم به تستعجلون} في الدنيا استهزاء.
quran:51:15 –

Indeed, the righteous will be among gardens and springs,  

Truly the God-fearing will be amid gardens, orchards, and springs, flowing therein,
القرآن:٥١:١٥ –

إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي جَنَّاتٍ وَعُيُونٍ  

{إن المتقين في جنات} بساتين {وعيون} تجري فيها.
quran:51:16 –

Accepting what their Lord has given them. Indeed, they were before that doers of good.  

receiving (ākhidhīna is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the person of the predicate of inna, ‘truly’) what their Lord has given them, of reward, for indeed formerly, ˹before˺ their entering Paradise, they had been virtuous, in the world.
القرآن:٥١:١٦ –

آخِذِينَ مَا آتَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَٰلِكَ مُحْسِنِينَ  

{آخذين} حال من الضمير في خبر إن {ما آتاهم} أعطاهم {ربهم} من الثواب {إنهم كانوا قبل ذلك} أي دخولهم الجنة {محسنين} في الدنيا.
quran:51:17 –

They used to sleep but little of the night,  

Little of the night did they use to sleep (mā is extra; yahja‘ūna is the predicate of kānū; qalīlan, ‘little’, is an adverb), in other words, they used to sleep for a small portion of the night and perform prayers during most of it,
القرآن:٥١:١٧ –

كَانُوا قَلِيلًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ مَا يَهْجَعُونَ  

{كانوا قليلا من الليل ما يهجعون} ينامون، وما زائدة ويهجعون خبر كان وقليلا ظرف، أي ينامون في زمن يسير من الليل ويصلون أكثره.
quran:51:18 –

And in the hours before dawn they would ask forgiveness,  

and at dawns they used to seek forgiveness: they used say, ‘Our Lord! Forgive us’,
القرآن:٥١:١٨ –

وَبِالْأَسْحَارِ هُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ  

{وبالأسحار هم يستغفرون} يقولون: اللهم اغفر لنا.
quran:51:19 –

And from their properties was ˹given˺ the right of the ˹needy˺ petitioner and the deprived.  

and there was a share in their wealth ˹assigned˺ for the beggar and the deprived, ˹the latter being˺ the one who does not beg, because of his self-restraint.
القرآن:٥١:١٩ –

وَفِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ حَقٌّ لِلسَّائِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ  

{وفي أموالهم حق للسائل والمحروم} الذي لا يسأل لتعففه.
quran:51:20 –

And on the earth are signs for the certain ˹in faith˺  

And in the earth, in the way of mountains, seas, trees, fruits, plants and other things, there are signs, indications of God’s power, glory be to Him, exalted be He, and of His Oneness, for those who know with certainty,
القرآن:٥١:٢٠ –

وَفِي الْأَرْضِ آيَاتٌ لِلْمُوقِنِينَ  

{وفي الأرض} من الجبال والبحار والأشجار والثمار والنبات وغيرها {آيات} دلالات على قدرة الله سبحانه وتعالى ووحدانيته {للموقنين}.
quran:51:21 –

And in yourselves. Then will you not see?  

and in your souls, there are also signs, from the beginning of your creation to its end, and in the marvelous aspects of your creation. Will you not then perceive?, ˹all˺ that and thus infer therefrom the Creator of it and His power.
القرآن:٥١:٢١ –

وَفِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ ۚ أَفَلَا تُبْصِرُونَ  

{وفي أنفسكم} آيات أيضا من مبدأ خلقكم إلى منتهاه، وما في تركيب خلقكم من العجائب {أفلا تبصرون} ذلك فتستدلون به على صانعه وقدرته.
quran:51:22 –

And in the heaven is your provision and whatever you are promised.  

And in the heaven is your provision, that is, the rain from which results the vegetation that is ˹your˺ provision, and ˹there is also˺ what you are promised, in the way of ˹the ultimate˺ return, reward and punishment, in other words, all of this is foreordained in the heaven.
القرآن:٥١:٢٢ –

وَفِي السَّمَاءِ رِزْقُكُمْ وَمَا تُوعَدُونَ  

{وفي السماء رزقكم} أي المطر المسبب عنه النبات الذي هو رزق {وما توعدون} من المآب والثواب والعقاب أي مكتوب ذلك في السماء.
quran:51:23 –

Then by the Lord of the heaven and earth, indeed, it is truth - just as ˹sure as˺ it is that you are speaking.  

So by the Lord of the heaven and the earth, it, that which you are promised, is as assuredly true as ˹the fact˺ that you have ˹power of˺ speech (read mithlu, in the nominative, as an adjective, with the mā being extra; or read mithla, in the accusative, as being a compound with mā), that is to say: ˹it is as true˺ as your speech is in reality, that is, in your knowing it to be ˹true˺ necessarily by its issuing from you.
القرآن:٥١:٢٣ –

فَوَرَبِّ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ إِنَّهُ لَحَقٌّ مِثْلَ مَا أَنَّكُمْ تَنْطِقُونَ  

{فورب السماء والأرض إنه} أي ما توعدون {لحق مثلُ ما أنكم تنطقون} برفع مثل صفة، وما مزيدة وبفتح اللام مركبة مع ما، المعنى: مثل نطقكم في حقيقته أي معلوميته عندكم ضرورة صدوره عنكم.
quran:51:24 –

Has there reached you the story of the honored guests of Abraham? -  

Has the story reached you — addressing the Prophet (s) — of Abraham’s honoured guests? — these were ˹said to be either˺ twelve, ten or three angels, one of whom was Gabriel.
القرآن:٥١:٢٤ –

هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ ضَيْفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ  

{هل أتاك} خطاب للنبي ﷺ {حديث ضيف إبراهيم المكرمين} وهم ملائكة اثنا عشر أو عشرة أو ثلاثة، منهم جبريل.
quran:51:25 –

When they entered upon him and said, "˹We greet you with˺ peace." He answered, "˹And upon you˺ peace, ˹you are˺ a people unknown.  

When (idh is an adverbial qualifier of hadīthu dayfi, ‘the story of the guests’) they entered upon him and said, ‘Peace!’ — in other words ˹they said˺ these very words. He said, ‘Peace!’ — ˹also˺ these very words — ˹These are˺ an unfamiliar folk, whom we do not know — he said this to himself (qawmun munkarūna is the predicate of an implicit subject such as hā’ūlā’i, ‘these are’).
القرآن:٥١:٢٥ –

إِذْ دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا سَلَامًا ۖ قَالَ سَلَامٌ قَوْمٌ مُنْكَرُونَ  

{إذ} ظرف لحديث ضيف {دخلوا عليه فقالوا سلاما} أي هذا اللفظ {قال سلام} أي هذا اللفظ {قوم منكرون} لا نعرفهم قال ذلك في نفسه وهو خبر مبتدأ مقدر أي هؤلاء.
quran:51:26 –

Then he went to his family and came with a fat ˹roasted˺ calf  

Then he went aside to his family, secretly, and brought a fat calf — in sūrat Hūd ˹it is said˺, a roasted calf ˹Q. 11:69˺ —
القرآن:٥١:٢٦ –

فَرَاغَ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ فَجَاءَ بِعِجْلٍ سَمِينٍ  

(فراغ) مال (إلى أهله) سرا (فجاء بعجل سمين) وفي سورة هود "" بعجل حنيذ "" أي مشوي.
quran:51:27 –

And placed it near them; he said, "Will you not eat?"  

and he placed it near them saying, ‘Will you not eat?’: he invited them to eat, but they did not respond.
القرآن:٥١:٢٧ –

فَقَرَّبَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ قَالَ أَلَا تَأْكُلُونَ  

{فقربه إليهم قال ألا تأكلون} عرض عليهم الأكل فلم يجيبوا.
quran:51:28 –

And he felt from them apprehension. They said, "Fear not," and gave him good tidings of a learned boy.  

Then he conceived, he kept secret in himself, a fear of them. They said, ‘Do not be afraid!’, we are messengers from your Lord. And they gave him good tidings of ˹the birth of˺ a knowledgeable boy, one endowed with much knowledge, and this was Isaac, as mentioned in sūrat Hūd ˹Q. 11:71˺.
القرآن:٥١:٢٨ –

فَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةً ۖ قَالُوا لَا تَخَفْ ۖ وَبَشَّرُوهُ بِغُلَامٍ عَلِيمٍ  

{فأوجس} أضمر في نفسه {منهم خيفة قالوا لا تخف} إنا رسل ربك {وبشروه بغلام عليم} ذي علم كثير وهو إسحاق كما ذكر في هود.
quran:51:29 –

And his wife approached with a cry ˹of alarm˺ and struck her face and said, "˹I am˺ a barren old woman!"  

Then his wife, Sarah, came forward clamouring, shouting (fī sarratin is a circumstantial qualifier, that is to say, she came shouting) and smote, slapped, her face, and said, ‘A barren old woman!’, who has never given birth to a child, aged ninety-nine, with Abraham being one hundred years old; or ˹alternatively˺ he was a hundred and twenty years old and she was ninety years old.
القرآن:٥١:٢٩ –

فَأَقْبَلَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ فِي صَرَّةٍ فَصَكَّتْ وَجْهَهَا وَقَالَتْ عَجُوزٌ عَقِيمٌ  

{فأقبلت امراته} سارة {في صرَّة} صيحة حال، أي جاءت صائحة {فصكت وجهها} لطمته {وقالت عجوز عقيم} لم تلد قط وعمرها تسع وتسعون سنة وعمر إبراهيم مائة سنة، أو عمره مائة وعشرون سنة وعمرها تسعون سنة.
quran:51:30 –

They said, "Thus has said your Lord; indeed, He is the Wise, the Knowing."  

They said, ‘So, just like what we have said with regard to the good tiding, has your Lord said. Indeed He is the Wise, in His actions, the Knower’, of His creatures.
القرآن:٥١:٣٠ –

قَالُوا كَذَٰلِكِ قَالَ رَبُّكِ ۖ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْحَكِيمُ الْعَلِيمُ  

{قالوا كذلك} أي مثل قولنا في البشارة {قال ربك إنه هو الحكيم} في صنعه {العليم} بخلقه.
quran:51:31 –

˹Abraham˺ said, "Then what is your business ˹here˺, O messengers?"  

He said, ‘So what is your business, O you who have been sent ˹by God˺?’
القرآن:٥١:٣١ –

قَالَ فَمَا خَطْبُكُمْ أَيُّهَا الْمُرْسَلُونَ  

{قال فما خطبكم} شأنكم {أيها المرسلون}.
quran:51:32 –

They said, "Indeed, we have been sent to a people of criminals  

They said, ‘Lo! we have been sent to a guilty folk, disbelievers — these were the people of Lot —
القرآن:٥١:٣٢ –

قَالُوا إِنَّا أُرْسِلْنَا إِلَىٰ قَوْمٍ مُجْرِمِينَ  

{قالوا إنا أرسلنا إلى قوم مجرمين} كافرين هم قوم لوط.
quran:51:33 –

To send down upon them stones of clay,  

that we may unleash upon them stones of clay, baked in fire,
القرآن:٥١:٣٣ –

لِنُرْسِلَ عَلَيْهِمْ حِجَارَةً مِنْ طِينٍ  

{لنرسل عليهم حجارة من طين} مطبوخ بالنار.
quran:51:34 –

Marked in the presence of your Lord for the transgressors."  

marked, bearing the name of the person at whom it will be hurled, by your Lord (‘inda rabbika is an adverbial qualifier of musawwamatan, ‘marked’) for ˹the destruction of˺ the prodigal’, for coming unto males in addition to their disbelief.
القرآن:٥١:٣٤ –

مُسَوَّمَةً عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ لِلْمُسْرِفِينَ  

{مُسَوَّمة} معلمة عليها اسم من يْرمى بها {عند ربك} ظرف لها {للمسرفين} بإتيانهم الذكور مع كفرهم.
quran:51:35 –

So We brought out whoever was in the cities of the believers.  

So We brought forth those in them, that is, ˹in˺ the towns of the people of Lot, who were believers, in order to destroy the disbelievers;
القرآن:٥١:٣٥ –

فَأَخْرَجْنَا مَنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ  

{فأخرجنا من كان فيها} أي قرى قوم لوط {من المؤمنين} لإهلاك الكافرين.
quran:51:36 –

And We found not within them other than a ˹single˺ house of Muslims.  

but We did not find therein other than one house of those who had submitted ˹to God˺: these were Lot and his two daughters. They have been described ˹here˺ with ˹the terms˺ ‘belief’ and ‘submission’ because they had affirmed ˹faith˺ in their hearts and used their limbs to perform acts of obedience.
القرآن:٥١:٣٦ –

فَمَا وَجَدْنَا فِيهَا غَيْرَ بَيْتٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ  

{فما وجدنا فيها غير بيت من المسلمين} وهو لوط وابنتاه وصفوا بالإيمان والإسلام، أي هم مصدقون بقلوبهم عاملون بجوارحهم الطاعات.
quran:51:37 –

And We left therein a sign for those who fear the painful punishment.  

And We left therein, after destroying the disbelievers, a sign, an indication of their destruction, for those who fear the painful chastisement, so that they may not do what these ˹sinners˺ did.
القرآن:٥١:٣٧ –

وَتَرَكْنَا فِيهَا آيَةً لِلَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ الْعَذَابَ الْأَلِيمَ  

{وتركنا فيها} بعد إهلاك الكافرين {آية} علامة على إهلاكهم {للذين يخافون العذاب الأليم} فلا يفعلون مثل فعلهم.
quran:51:38 –

And in Moses ˹was a sign˺, when We sent him to Pharaoh with clear authority.  

And ˹a sign too˺ in Moses (wa-fī Mūsā is a supplement to fīhā, ‘therein’), that is to say, We also left a sign in the story of Moses, when We sent him to Pharaoh, vested, with a clear warrant, with a manifest proof;
القرآن:٥١:٣٨ –

وَفِي مُوسَىٰ إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَاهُ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ بِسُلْطَانٍ مُبِينٍ  

{وفي موسى} معطوف على فيها، المعنى وجعلنا في قصة موسى آية {إذ أرسلناه إلى فرعون} ملتبسا {بسلطان مبين} بحجة واضحة.
quran:51:39 –

But he turned away with his supporters and said," A magician or a madman."  

but he turned away, he rejected belief, to his supports (bi-ruknihi), his hosts, ˹so called˺ because to him they are like a support ˹rukn˺, saying, to Moses that he ˹Moses˺ was: ‘A sorcerer, or a madman!’
القرآن:٥١:٣٩ –

فَتَوَلَّىٰ بِرُكْنِهِ وَقَالَ سَاحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌ  

{فتولى} أعرض عن الإيمان {بركنه} مع جنوده لأنهم له كالركن {وقال} لموسى هو {ساحر أو مجنون}.
quran:51:40 –

So We took him and his soldiers and cast them into the sea, and he was blameworthy.  

So We seized him and his hosts and cast, flung, them into the waters, the sea, and so they drowned, for he, that is, Pharaoh, was blameworthy, guilty of what is blameworthy, such as denying the messengers and claiming divinity.
القرآن:٥١:٤٠ –

فَأَخَذْنَاهُ وَجُنُودَهُ فَنَبَذْنَاهُمْ فِي الْيَمِّ وَهُوَ مُلِيمٌ  

{فأخذناه وجنوده فنبذناهم} طرحناهم {في اليم} البحر فغرقوا {وهو} أي فرعون {مُليم} آت بما يلام عليه من تكذيب الرسل ودعوى الربوبية.
quran:51:41 –

And in 'Aad ˹was a sign˺, when We sent against them the barren wind.  

And ˹also˺ in, the destruction of, ‘Ād, was a sign, when We unleashed against them a barren wind, ˹a wind˺ which brings nothing of good, for it does not bear any rain and does not pollinate any trees; this ˹wind˺ was the west wind (al-dabūr).
القرآن:٥١:٤١ –

وَفِي عَادٍ إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ الرِّيحَ الْعَقِيمَ  

{وفي} إهلاك {عاد} آية {إذ أرسلنا عليهم الريح العقيم} هي التي لا خير فيها لأنها لا تحمل المطر ولا تلقح الشجر وهي الدبور.
quran:51:42 –

It left nothing of what it came upon but that it made it like disintegrated ruins.  

It did not leave anything, any soul or property, that it came upon without making it like decayed bones, like something that is withered and in scattered pieces.
القرآن:٥١:٤٢ –

مَا تَذَرُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا جَعَلَتْهُ كَالرَّمِيمِ  

{ما تذر من شيء} نفس أو مال {أتت عليه إلا جعلته كالرميم} كالبالي المتفتت.
quran:51:43 –

And in Thamud, when it was said to them, "Enjoy yourselves for a time."  

And ˹also˺ in, the destruction of, Thamūd, was a sign, when it was said to them, after the hamstringing of the she-camel, ‘Enjoy ˹yourselves˺ for a while!’, until the end of your terms ˹of life˺ — as stated in the ˹other˺ verse, ‘Enjoy ˹yourselves˺ in your dwellings for three days’ ˹Q.11:65˺.
القرآن:٥١:٤٣ –

وَفِي ثَمُودَ إِذْ قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَمَتَّعُوا حَتَّىٰ حِينٍ  

(وفي) إهلاك (ثمود) آية (إذ قيل لهم) بعد عقر الناقة (تمتعوا حتى حين) إلى انقضاء آجالكم كما في آية "" تمتعوا في داركم ثلاثة أيام "".
quran:51:44 –

But they were insolent toward the command of their Lord, so the thunderbolt seized them while they were looking on.  

Then they defied, they scorned, the command of their Lord, ˹refraining˺ from implementing it; so the thunderbolt, that is, the destructive cry, seized them, after the three days had passed, as they were looking around, in other words, ˹it seized them˺ in the daytime.
القرآن:٥١:٤٤ –

فَعَتَوْا عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِمْ فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّاعِقَةُ وَهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ  

{فعتوْا} تكبروا {عن أمر ربهم} أي عن امتثاله {فأخذتهم الصاعقة} بعد مضي الثلاثة أيام أي الصيحة المهلكة {وهم ينظرون} أي بالنهار.
quran:51:45 –

And they were unable to arise, nor could they defend themselves.  

So they were unable to rise up, they could not get up upon the sending down of the chastisement, nor were they victors, over the One Who destroyed them.
القرآن:٥١:٤٥ –

فَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا مِنْ قِيَامٍ وَمَا كَانُوا مُنْتَصِرِينَ  

{فما استطاعوا من قيام} أي ما قدروا على النهوض حين نزول العذاب {وما كانوا منتصرين} على من أهلكهم.
quran:51:46 –

And ˹We destroyed˺ the people of Noah before; indeed, they were a people defiantly disobedient.  

And the people of Noah (read wa qawmi Nūhin, as a supplement to Thamūda, in other words: ‘in the destruction of these ˹two peoples˺ by what ˹destructive power˺ exists in the heavens and the earth there is ˹also˺ a sign’; or read wa qawma Nūhin, in other words, ‘We also destroyed the people of Noah’) aforetime, that is, before the destruction of those mentioned. Indeed they were an immoral lot.
القرآن:٥١:٤٦ –

وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ  

{وقوم نوح} بالجر عطف على ثمود أي وفى إهلاكهم بما في السماء والأرض آية, وبالنصب أي وأهلكنا قوم نوح {من قبل} أي قبل إهلاك هؤلاء المذكورين {إنهم كانوا قوما فاسقين}.
quran:51:47 –

And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed, We are ˹its˺ expander.  

And the heaven, We built it with might, and indeed We are powerful (one says āda’l-rajulu or ya’īdu, to mean, ‘he is strong’; and awsa‘a’l-rajulu, to mean, ‘he has become capable ˹dhū sa‘a˺ and strong’).
القرآن:٥١:٤٧ –

وَالسَّمَاءَ بَنَيْنَاهَا بِأَيْدٍ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ  

{والسماء بنيناها بأيد} بقوة {وإنا لموسعون} قادرون يقال: أد الرجل يئيد قوي، وأوسع الرجل: صار ذا سعة وقوة.
quran:51:48 –

And the earth We have spread out, and excellent is the preparer.  

And the earth, We spread it out: We made it level: what excellent Spreaders then!, We are.
القرآن:٥١:٤٨ –

وَالْأَرْضَ فَرَشْنَاهَا فَنِعْمَ الْمَاهِدُونَ  

{والأرض فرشناها} مهدناها {فنعم الماهدون} نحن {ومن كل شيء} متعلق بقوله خلقنا زوجين.
quran:51:49 –

And of all things We created two mates; perhaps you will remember.  

And of all things (wa-min kulli shay’in is semantically connected to His ˹following˺ words khalaqnā) We created pairs, two kinds, such as male and female, heaven and earth, sun and moon, plain and mountain, summer and winter, sweet and bitter, light and darkness, that perhaps you might remember (tadhakkarūna: one of the two original tā’ letters ˹of tatadhakkarūna˺ has been omitted), and hence realise that the Creator of pairs is ˹Himself˺ Singular, that you might then worship him.
القرآن:٥١:٤٩ –

وَمِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَا زَوْجَيْنِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ  

{ومن كل شيء} متعلق بقوله: خلقنا {خلقنا زوجين} صنفين كالذكر والأنثى والسماء والأرض، والشمس والقمر، والسهل والجبل، والصيف والشتاء، والحلو والحامض والنور والظلمة {لعلكم تذكَّرون} بحذف إحدى التاءين من الأصل فتعلمون أن خالق الأزواج فرد فتعبدوه.
quran:51:50 –

So flee to Allah. Indeed, I am to you from Him a clear warner.  

So flee unto God, that is to say, away from His punishment toward His reward by being obedient to Him and not disobeying Him. Truly I am a clear warner to you from Him.
القرآن:٥١:٥٠ –

فَفِرُّوا إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ إِنِّي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ  

{ففروا إلى الله} أي إلى ثوابه من عقابه بأن تطيعوه ولا تعصوه {إني لكم منه نذير مبين} بيِّن الإنذار.