51. Sūrat al-Dhāriyāt

٥١۔ سُورَةُ الذَّاريَات

51.4 There is a lesson in the stories of Pharaoh, ᶜĀd, Thamūd and people of Noah.

٥١۔٤ مقطع في سُورَةُ الذَّاريَات

quran:51:38

And in Moses ˹was a sign˺, when We sent him to Pharaoh with clear authority.  

And ˹a sign too˺ in Moses (wa-fī Mūsā is a supplement to fīhā, ‘therein’), that is to say, We also left a sign in the story of Moses, when We sent him to Pharaoh, vested, with a clear warrant, with a manifest proof;
القرآن:٥١:٣٨

وَفِي مُوسَىٰ إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَاهُ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ بِسُلْطَانٍ مُبِينٍ  

{وفي موسى} معطوف على فيها، المعنى وجعلنا في قصة موسى آية {إذ أرسلناه إلى فرعون} ملتبسا {بسلطان مبين} بحجة واضحة.
quran:51:39

But he turned away with his supporters and said," A magician or a madman."  

but he turned away, he rejected belief, to his supports (bi-ruknihi), his hosts, ˹so called˺ because to him they are like a support ˹rukn˺, saying, to Moses that he ˹Moses˺ was: ‘A sorcerer, or a madman!’
القرآن:٥١:٣٩

فَتَوَلَّىٰ بِرُكْنِهِ وَقَالَ سَاحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌ  

{فتولى} أعرض عن الإيمان {بركنه} مع جنوده لأنهم له كالركن {وقال} لموسى هو {ساحر أو مجنون}.
quran:51:40

So We took him and his soldiers and cast them into the sea, and he was blameworthy.  

So We seized him and his hosts and cast, flung, them into the waters, the sea, and so they drowned, for he, that is, Pharaoh, was blameworthy, guilty of what is blameworthy, such as denying the messengers and claiming divinity.
القرآن:٥١:٤٠

فَأَخَذْنَاهُ وَجُنُودَهُ فَنَبَذْنَاهُمْ فِي الْيَمِّ وَهُوَ مُلِيمٌ  

{فأخذناه وجنوده فنبذناهم} طرحناهم {في اليم} البحر فغرقوا {وهو} أي فرعون {مُليم} آت بما يلام عليه من تكذيب الرسل ودعوى الربوبية.
quran:51:41

And in 'Aad ˹was a sign˺, when We sent against them the barren wind.  

And ˹also˺ in, the destruction of, ‘Ād, was a sign, when We unleashed against them a barren wind, ˹a wind˺ which brings nothing of good, for it does not bear any rain and does not pollinate any trees; this ˹wind˺ was the west wind (al-dabūr).
القرآن:٥١:٤١

وَفِي عَادٍ إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ الرِّيحَ الْعَقِيمَ  

{وفي} إهلاك {عاد} آية {إذ أرسلنا عليهم الريح العقيم} هي التي لا خير فيها لأنها لا تحمل المطر ولا تلقح الشجر وهي الدبور.
quran:51:42

It left nothing of what it came upon but that it made it like disintegrated ruins.  

It did not leave anything, any soul or property, that it came upon without making it like decayed bones, like something that is withered and in scattered pieces.
القرآن:٥١:٤٢

مَا تَذَرُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا جَعَلَتْهُ كَالرَّمِيمِ  

{ما تذر من شيء} نفس أو مال {أتت عليه إلا جعلته كالرميم} كالبالي المتفتت.
quran:51:43

And in Thamud, when it was said to them, "Enjoy yourselves for a time."  

And ˹also˺ in, the destruction of, Thamūd, was a sign, when it was said to them, after the hamstringing of the she-camel, ‘Enjoy ˹yourselves˺ for a while!’, until the end of your terms ˹of life˺ — as stated in the ˹other˺ verse, ‘Enjoy ˹yourselves˺ in your dwellings for three days’ ˹Q.11:65˺.
القرآن:٥١:٤٣

وَفِي ثَمُودَ إِذْ قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَمَتَّعُوا حَتَّىٰ حِينٍ  

(وفي) إهلاك (ثمود) آية (إذ قيل لهم) بعد عقر الناقة (تمتعوا حتى حين) إلى انقضاء آجالكم كما في آية "" تمتعوا في داركم ثلاثة أيام "".
quran:51:44

But they were insolent toward the command of their Lord, so the thunderbolt seized them while they were looking on.  

Then they defied, they scorned, the command of their Lord, ˹refraining˺ from implementing it; so the thunderbolt, that is, the destructive cry, seized them, after the three days had passed, as they were looking around, in other words, ˹it seized them˺ in the daytime.
القرآن:٥١:٤٤

فَعَتَوْا عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِمْ فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّاعِقَةُ وَهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ  

{فعتوْا} تكبروا {عن أمر ربهم} أي عن امتثاله {فأخذتهم الصاعقة} بعد مضي الثلاثة أيام أي الصيحة المهلكة {وهم ينظرون} أي بالنهار.
quran:51:45

And they were unable to arise, nor could they defend themselves.  

So they were unable to rise up, they could not get up upon the sending down of the chastisement, nor were they victors, over the One Who destroyed them.
القرآن:٥١:٤٥

فَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا مِنْ قِيَامٍ وَمَا كَانُوا مُنْتَصِرِينَ  

{فما استطاعوا من قيام} أي ما قدروا على النهوض حين نزول العذاب {وما كانوا منتصرين} على من أهلكهم.
quran:51:46

And ˹We destroyed˺ the people of Noah before; indeed, they were a people defiantly disobedient.  

And the people of Noah (read wa qawmi Nūhin, as a supplement to Thamūda, in other words: ‘in the destruction of these ˹two peoples˺ by what ˹destructive power˺ exists in the heavens and the earth there is ˹also˺ a sign’; or read wa qawma Nūhin, in other words, ‘We also destroyed the people of Noah’) aforetime, that is, before the destruction of those mentioned. Indeed they were an immoral lot.
القرآن:٥١:٤٦

وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَوْمًا فَاسِقِينَ  

{وقوم نوح} بالجر عطف على ثمود أي وفى إهلاكهم بما في السماء والأرض آية, وبالنصب أي وأهلكنا قوم نوح {من قبل} أي قبل إهلاك هؤلاء المذكورين {إنهم كانوا قوما فاسقين}.