"A man asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: 'O Messenger of Allah, how many prayers has Allah enjoined upon His slaves?' He said: 'Allah has enjoined upon His slaves (five) prayers.' He said: 'O Messenger of Allah, is there anything before them or after them?' He said: 'Allah has enjoined upon His salves (five) prayers.' The man swore that he would not do anything more or less than that. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'If he is speaking the truth he will most certainly enter Paradise.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 459)   

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَمِ افْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ؟ قَالَ «خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ» قَالَ هَلْ قَبْلَهُنَّ أَوْ بَعْدَهُنَّ شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ «افْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ» فَقَالَ هَلْ قَبْلَهُنَّ أَوْ بَعْدَهُنَّ شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ «افْتَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ» قَالَ فَحَلَفَ الرَّجُلُ بِاللَّهِ لَا يَزِيدُ عَلَيْهِنَّ وَلَا يَنْقُصُ مِنْهُنَّ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «إِنْ صَدَقَ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ»  

He was sitting on the cushions of 'Umar bin 'Abdul-'Aziz when he was the leader over Al-Madinah, and with him was 'Urwah bin Zubair. "umar delayed 'Asr somewhat, and 'Urwah said to him: "Jibril came down and led the Messenger of Allah in prayer." 'Umar said to him: "Know what you are saying, O 'Urwah!" he said: "I heard Bashir bin Abu Mas'ud saying, 'I heard Abu Mas'ud saying, "I heard the Messenger of Allah saying, 'Jibril came down and led me in prayer, and I prayed with him, then I prayed with him, then I prayed with him, then I prayed with him, then I prayed with him,' and he counted five prayers on his fingers." (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 668)  

لَهُ عُرْوَةُ أَمَا إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ نَزَلَ فَصَلَّى أَمَامَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَعْلَمُ مَا تَقُولُ يَا عُرْوَةُ فَقَالَ سَمِعْتُ بَشِيرَ بْنَ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «نَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ فَصَلَّى فَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ» فَحَسَبَ بِأَصَابِعِهِ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Jibreel (Gabriel) came down and informed me of the prayer time, so I prayed with him. Then I prayed with him again, and again, and again, and again." He counted with his fingers five prayers. "And I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ praying the Dhuhr (noon) prayer when the sun passes its zenith, and sometimes he would delay it until the heat becomes intense. And I saw him praying the Asr (afternoon) prayer when the sun is still high and white before it turns yellow. Then a man would finish his prayer and come to Dhul-Hulayfah (a place) before the sunset and pray the Maghrib (evening) prayer when the sun sets. And he would pray the Isha (night) prayer when the horizon becomes dark, and sometimes he would delay it until people gather. And he would pray the Fajr (dawn) prayer once with twilight and then again with the full light, and thereafter he would pray it with full light until he passed away. He did not miss praying with full light again."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «نَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ فَأَخْبَرَنِي بِوَقْتِ الصَّلَاةِ فَصَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ» فَحَسَبَ بِأَصَابِعِهِ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ «وَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ حِينَ تَزُولُ الشَّمْسُ وَرُبَّمَا أَخَّرَهَا حِينَ يَشْتَدُّ الْحَرُّ وَرَأَيْتُهُ يُصَلِّي الْعَصْرَ وَالشَّمْسُ مُرْتَفِعَةٌ بَيْضَاءُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَدْخُلَهَا الصُّفْرَةُ فَيَنْصَرِفُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فَيَأْتِي ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ قَبْلَ غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ وَيُصَلِّي الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ تَسْقُطُ الشَّمْسُ وَيُصَلِّي الْعِشَاءَ حِينَ يَسْوَدُّ الْأُفُقُ وَرُبَّمَا أَخَّرَهُ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ وَصَلَّى الصُّبْحَ مَرَّةً بِغَلَسٍ وَصَلَّى مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فَأَسْفَرَ بِهَا ثُمَّ كَانَتْ صَلَاتُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِالْغَلَسِ حَتَّى مَاتَ ﷺ لَمْ يَعُدْ إِلَى أَنْ يُسْفِرَ»  

[Machine] Narrated to us Al-Qa'nabi from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz once delayed the prayer in his leadership. Urwah ibn Zubair entered upon him and informed him that Mu'ghirah ibn Shu'bah also delayed the prayer while he was in Kufa. Abu Mas'ud al-Ansari then entered upon him and said, "O Mu'ghirah, what is this? Did you not know that Gabrielﷺ descended and performed the prayer, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the prayer, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the prayer, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the prayer, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the prayer, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the prayer?" Then he said, "By this I was commanded." Abu Mas'ud said, "I know what you are talking about, O Urwah. Or indeed, Gabriel established the prayer for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at the time of prayer." He said, "That was how Bashir ibn Abi Mas'ud used to narrate from his father."  

حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَخَّرَ الصَّلَاةَ يَوْمًا فِي إِمْرَتِهِ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ أَخَّرَ الصَّلَاةَ يَوْمًا وَهُوَ بِالْكُوفَةِ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فَقَالَ يَا مُغِيرَةُ مَا هَذَا؟ أَلَيْسَ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ «أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ نَزَلَ فَصَلَّى فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ صَلَّى فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ صَلَّى فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ صَلَّى فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ صَلَّى فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ» ثُمَّ قَالَ «بِهَذَا أُمِرْتُ» قَالَ أَعْلَمُ مَا تُحَدِّثُ يَا عُرْوَةُ أَوْ إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَقَامَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقْتَ الصَّلَاةِ قَالَ كَذَلِكَ كَانَ بَشِيرُ بْنُ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ  

that he said to ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar: "Indeed, we find the prayer of the resident and the prayer of fear in the Quran, but we do not find the prayer of travel in the Quran?" So ʿAbdullāh said to him: "O son of my brother, indeed Allah sent Muhammad ﷺ to us and we do not know anything, so we only do as we have seen him do."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ إِنَّا نَجْدُ صَلَاةَ الْحَضَرِ وَصَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَلَا نَجْدُ صَلَاةَ السَّفَرِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ «يَا ابْنَ أَخِي إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ إِلَيْنَا مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ وَلَا نَعْلَمُ شَيْئًا فَإِنَّمَا نَفْعَلُ كَمَا رَأَيْنَاهُ يَفْعَلُ»  

"We were with Sa'eed bin Al-'Asi in Tabaristan, and Hudhaifah bin Al-Yaman was with us. He said: 'Which of you offered the fear prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?' Hudhaifah said: 'I did.' So Hudhaifah stood and the people formed two rows behind him, one row behind him and one row facing the enemy. He led those who were behind him in praying one rak'ah, then they went and took the place of the others, and the others came and he led them in praying one rak'ah, and they did not make it up." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1530)  

أَيُّكُمْ صَلَّى مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ؟ فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ أَنَا قَالَ فَقَامَ حُذَيْفَةُ «فَصَفَّ النَّاسَ خَلْفَهُ صِفِّينَ صَفًّا خَلْفَهُ وَصَفًّا مُوَازِيًا لِلْعَدُوِّ فَصَلَّى بِالَّذِينَ خَلْفَهُ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ هَؤُلَاءِ مَكَانَ هَؤُلَاءِ وَجَاءَ أُولَئِكَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً وَلَمْ يَقْضُوا»