[Machine] Whichever female offspring is born from her master, he does not sell her, nor does he grant her as a gift, nor does he inherit her. And he enjoys her until he dies, then she becomes free.  

أَيُّمَا وَلِيدَةٍ وَلَدَتْ مِنْ سَيِّدِهَا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَبِيعُهَا وَلَا يَهَبُهَا وَلَا يُوَرِّثُهَا وَهُوَ يَسْتَمْتِعُ مِنْهَا فَإِذَا مَاتَ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ  

[Machine] It is not sold, gifted, or inherited. Its master enjoys it as long as it pleases him. But when he dies, it becomes free.  

لَا تُبَاعُ وَلَا تُوهَبُ وَلَا تُورَثُ يَسْتَمْتِعُ بِهَا سَيِّدُهَا مَا بَدَا لَهُ فَإِذَا مَاتَ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ  

[Machine] "What has been made lawful for you from what was forbidden to you?" They said, "We are allowed to engage in the sale of the offspring's mothers." He said, "Do you both know Aba Hafs Umar?" They said, "Yes." He said, "Verily, Umar ibn Al-Khattab prohibited selling, gifting, or bequeathing them, but one can enjoy them as long as he is alive. When he dies, they become free." This narration was reported by the group from Abdullah bin Dinar, but some of the narrators made a mistake in it. So, it was elevated to the Prophet ﷺ, and it was a delusion that should not be mentioned.  

مَا أَحَلَّ لَكُمْ مِمَّا كَانَ يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْكُمْ؟ قَالَا أَحَلَّ لَنَا بَيْعَ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ قَالَ أَتَعْرِفَانِ أَبَا حَفْصٍ عُمَرَ ؓ؟ قَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ نَهَى أَنْ تُبَاعَ أَوْ تُوهَبَ أَوْ تُورَثَ يَسْتَمْتِعُ بِهَا مَا كَانَ حَيًّا فَإِذَا مَاتَ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ هَكَذَا رَوَايَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ وَغَلِطَ فِيهِ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ فَرَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ لَا يَحِلُّ ذِكْرُهُ  

[Machine] By it, his life and that of Uthman were prolonged. So when I became the caliph, I saw that they were struggling. Muhammad ibn Sirin informed me that he had asked Ubaydah about that, and he said, "Which one of them do you love more?" I said, "The opinion of Umar and Ali together is more beloved to me than the opinion of Ali alone, when they disagreed."  

بِهَا عُمَرُ حَيَاتَهُ وَعُثْمَانُ ؓ بَعْدَهُ فَلَمَّا وُلِّيتُ أَنَا رَأَيْتُ أَنْ أَرِقَّهُنَّ قَالَ فَأَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَيُّهُمَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ قَالَ رَأْيُ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ ؓ جَمِيعًا أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ رَأْيِ عَلِيٍّ ؓ حِينَ أَدْرَكَ الِاخْتِلَافَ  

[Machine] Yubana said: "Ubayy narrated to me and Umar continued to consult me until I said with his words, so he ended his life with that. When the matter came to me, I saw it appropriate to consult Shu'ayb, and Muhammad ibn Sireen narrated to me from 'Ubaidah who said: I said to 'Ali, 'What is your opinion and Umar's opinion about the gathering?' He said, 'Umar's opinion is dearer to me than your opinion alone in the group.' He said: Muhammad ibn Isa narrated to us from Sulayman ibn Harb from Hammad ibn Zaid from Ayyub from Muhammad ibn Sireen from 'Ubaidah from 'Ali with the same narration."  

يُبَعْنَ قَالَ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ عُمَرُ يُرَاجِعُنِي حَتَّى قُلْتُ بِقَوْلِهِ فَقَضَى بِذَلِكَ حَيَاتَهُ فَلَمَّا أَفْضَى الْأَمْرُ إِلِيَّ رَأَيْتُ أَنْ يُبَعْنَ قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِعَلِيٍّ فَرَأْيُكَ وَرَأْيُ عُمَرَ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ رَأْيِكَ وَحْدَكَ فِي الْفُرْقَةِ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ بِمِثْلِهِ  

[Machine] Umar sold the mothers of the children and then returned.  

بَاعَ عُمَرُ ؓ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ  

[Machine] "To steal my mother or to deprive me of my inheritance from my father, my inheritance from my father is more beloved to me than the theft of my mother," Umar said. "Didn't I only command justice in that matter? Do I ever see a viewpoint or order something without you all mentioning it? Then he stood up and sat on the pulpit, and the people gathered around him until his congregation was satisfied. He said, 'O people, I have commanded in matters concerning the mothers of children with a command that you all know. Then I have had a different opinion. So, whoever has a mother to whom he has authority, it remains with him as long as he lives. And when he dies, she is free and there is no way against her.'"  

أَنْ يَسْتَرِقُّوا أُمِّيَ أَوْ يُخْرِجُونِيَ مِنْ مِيرَاثِي مِنْ أَبِي فَكَانَ مِيرَاثِي مِنْ أَبِي أَهْوَنَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ تُسْتَرَقَّ أُمِّي قَالَ عُمَرُ أَوَلَسْتُ إِنَّمَا أَمَرْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ؟ مَا أَتَرَاءَى رَأْيًا أَوْ آمُرُ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا قُلْتُمْ فِيهِ؟ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَجَلَسَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ حَتَّى إِذَا رَضِيَ جَمَاعَتَهُمْ قَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي قَدْ كُنْتُ أَمَرْتُ فِي أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ بِأَمْرٍ قَدْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُ ثُمَّ قَدْ حَدَثَ لِي رَأْيٌ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ فَأَيُّمَا امْرِئٍ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ فَمَلَكَهَا بِيَمِينِهِ مَا عَاشَ فَإِذَا مَاتَ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ لَا سَبِيلَ عَلَيْهَا  

[Machine] Regarding this matter, I sat in a gathering of people I didn't know. A man came in, and they made room for him. He said, "What do you think about a matter mentioned by the commander of the faithful? Someone came to him from outside the city asking if it is permissible to marry or emancipate from the mothers of one's children?" I said, "Sa'id bin Al-Musayyib mentioned that a man from Quraysh was impressed by his intellect and eloquence. Then his father died and left behind wealth, and his mother was a freed slave who had other children. They made his mother marry, and they increased her status until they removed him from his inheritance. He passed by Umar, so Umar called him and asked, "What happened to your inheritance from your father?" He said, "I was removed from my inheritance by my mother." Umar said, "By Allah, I will say a statement about this that will cause people to hate-me." So Umar gave a sermon and said, "O people, whoever is a free man and his mother gives birth to a child, she is a free woman." He took me by the hand, and behold, we entered Qabisah bin Dhu'ayb's house. Then, when Abdul Malik bin Marwan remembered Qabisah's nickname, he knew him to be Sa'id bin Al-Musayyib, but he did not confirm it. So he brought me in and asked, "What is your lineage?" When I reported this to my father, he said, "If your father was famous during times of turmoil, what is the narration of Sa'id that he informed me about you, Qabisah?" So I informed him of the same thing I told Qabisah, and he ordered for it to be written, and I left. He said, "No man like you has died."  

بِشَأْنِهِ فَجَلَسْتُ فِي مَجْلِسٍ لَا أَعْرِفُهُمْ فَأَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ فَأَوْسَعُوا لَهُ قَالَ كَيْفَ تَرَوْنَ فِي شَيْءٍ ذَكَرَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ آنِفًا أَتَاهُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ أَيُرَّقَّقْنَ أَوْ يُعْتَقْنَ؟ قُلْتُ إِنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ ذَكَرَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ كَانَ يُعْجِبُهُ عَقْلُهُ وَلِسَانُهُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ أَبُوهُ وَتَرَكَ مَالًا وَأُمُّهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ فَأَقَامُوا أُمَّهُ فَزَايَدُوهُ فِي أُمِّهِ حَتَّى أَخْرَجُوهُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِ فَمَرَّ عَلَى عُمَرَ ؓ فَدَعَاهُ فَسَأَلَهُ مَا صَارَ لَهُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ أَبِيهِ قَالَ خَرَجْتُ بِأُمِّي مِنْ مِيرَاثِ أَبِي فَقَالَ أَمَا وَاللهِ لَأَقُولَنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ مَقَالًا أَذُبُّ النَّاسَ عَنْهُ فَقَامَ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ حُرٍّ تَرَكَ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ وَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِي فَإِذَا هُوَ قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ ذُؤَيْبٍ حَتَّى أَدْخَلَنِي عَلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ وَإِذَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ ذَكَرَ لِقَبِيصَةَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَلَمْ يُثْبِتْهُ فَأُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي أَخْبَرْتُهُ فَبَدَأَ فَسَأَلَنِي مَا نَسَبِي؟ فَلَمَّا بَلَغْتُ أَبِي قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ أَبُوكَ لَنَعَّارًا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ مَا حَدِيثُ سَعِيدٍ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَنِي عَنْكَ قَبِيصَةُ؟ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِمِثْلِ مَا أَخْبَرْتُ قَبِيصَةَ فَأَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ فَأُمْضِيَ فَقَالَ مَا مَاتَ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ مِثْلَكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered the emancipation of the mothers of children and that they should not be enslaved in partnerships. He also ordered that they should not be sold in debts. Ja'far said: I have not seen anyone narrating this hadith except him.  

أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِعِتْقِ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ وَلَا يُجْعَلْنَ فِي الثُّلُثِ وَأَمَرَ أَنْ لَا يُبَعْنَ فِي الدَّيْنِ قَالَ جَعْفَرٌ لَمْ يَرْوِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ غَيْرُهُ  

[Machine] Indeed, people say that the first person to order the emancipation of slave mothers was Umar ibn al-Khattab. However, that is not true. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the first to emancipate them and he did not put them in a third or sell them into debt. Abu Bakr al-Asbahani informed us that Abu Nasr al-Iraqi narrated to us that Sufyan ibn Muhammad narrated to us that Ali ibn al-Hasan narrated to us that Abdullah ibn al-Walid narrated to us that Sufyan remembered it and Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us that Abu al-Walid al-Faqih narrated to us that al-Hasan ibn Sufyan narrated to us that Musarraf ibn Amr narrated to us that Sufyan ibn Uyaynah narrated from Abdul Rahman al-Ifrqi from Muslim ibn Yasar from Saeed ibn al-Musayyib that Umar indeed emancipated the slave mothers and he said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had emancipated them. Al-Ifrqi was the only one to attribute this hadith directly to the Prophet ﷺ and he is weak.  

إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَمَرَ بِعِتْقِ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ عُمَرُ ؓ وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ وَلَكِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَعْتَقَهُنَّ وَلَا يُجْعَلْنَ فِي ثُلُثٍ وَلَا يُبَعْنَ فِي دَيْنٍ 21772 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ ثنا سُفْيَانُ فَذَكَرَهُ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا مُصَرِّفُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْإِفْرِيقِيِّ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ أَعْتَقَ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ وَقَالَ أَعْتَقَهُنَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ تَفَرَّدَ الْإِفْرِيقِيُّ بِرَفْعِهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ  

[Machine] O Yarfa, look at this sound! So he got up and looked, then he came and said, "A girl from the Quraish is being sold by her mother." Umar said, "Call for me, or he said, 'By the immigrants and the Ansar.'" He didn't stay for more than an hour until the house and the room were filled. Umar praised and praised Allah, then he said, "Afterwards, do you know if this is one of the things that Muhammad ﷺ brought?" They said, "No." He said, "Indeed, it has become prevalent among you as evil." Then he recited, "Do you think that if you were to turn away, you would cause corruption on earth and sever your ties of kinship?" Then he said, "And what kind of severing is more terrible than a mother being sold by one of you? And Allah has made it permissible for you." They said, "Do as you see fit or whatever you wish." He wrote in the horizons that a free mother should not be sold, as it is a kind of severing and it is not permissible.  

يَا يَرْفَأُ انْظُرْ مَا هَذَا الصَّوْتُ؟ فَانْطَلَقَ فَنَظَرَ ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ جَارِيَةٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ تُبَاعُ أُمُّهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ادْعُ أَوْ قَالَ عَلَيَّ بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ قَالَ فَلَمْ يَمْكُثْ إِلَّا سَاعَةً حَتَّى امْتَلَأَتِ الدَّارُ وَالْحُجْرَةُ قَالَ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ عُمَرُ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَهَلْ تَعْلَمُونَهُ كَانَ مِمَّا جَاءَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ الْقَطِيعَةُ؟ قَالُوا لَا قَالَ فَإِنَّهَا قَدْ أَصْبَحَتْ فِيكُمْ فَاشِيَةً ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {هَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ أَنْ تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَتُقَطِّعُوا أَرْحَامَكُمْ} ثُمَّ قَالَ وَأِيُّ قَطِيعَةٍ أَفْظَعُ مِنْ أَنْ تُبَاعَ أُمُّ امْرِئٍ مِنْكُمْ؟ وَقَدْ أَوْسَعَ اللهُ لَكُمْ قَالُوا فَاصْنَعْ مَا بَدَا لَكَ أَوْ مَا شِئْتَ قَالَ فَكَتَبَ فِي الْآفَاقِ أَنْ لَا تُبَاعَ أُمُّ حُرٍّ فَإِنَّهُ قَطِيعَةٌ وَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ  

[Machine] He heard Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, on the pulpit of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , saying, "O Muslims, indeed Allah has granted you from the lands of non-Arabs their women and children, what He did not grant to the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , or to Abu Bakr. And I have learned that some men will make peace agreements with women, so any man whose wife gives birth to a child from the non-Arab women, do not sell the mothers of your children, for if you do so, the man is likely to violate his own wife without realizing it."  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ أَفَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ بِلَادِ الْأَعَاجِمِ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ وَأَوْلَادِهِمْ مَا لَمْ يُفِيءْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَا عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُ أَنَّ رِجَالًا سَيَلُمُّونَ بِالنِّسَاءِ فَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ وَلَدَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ نِسَاءِ الْعَجَمِ فَلَا تَبِيعُوا أُمَّهَاتِ أَوْلَادِكُمْ فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ فَعَلْتُمْ أَوْشَكَ الرَّجُلُ أَنْ يَطَأَ حَرِيمَهُ وَهُوَ لَا يَشْعُرُ  

[Machine] And I was born to her father, so if you talk to her, I will put her in a good position. Aisha said to her, "Were you born to her father?" She said, "Yes." Aisha said, "Then go to the Commander of the Faithful, Umar, and he will free you." So she went to Umar and told him that she was born to Uthman and that his son intended to sell her. Umar sent to Uthman bin Mazh'un and said to him, "Did you intend that?" He said, "Yes." Umar said, "That is not for you. I think it is lawful." He said, "But she is a free woman." My grandmother said, "O Commander of the Faithful, he has injured me with this wound after her father's death." Umar bin Khattab said to him, "Give her back the same way you treated her."  

وَقَدْ كُنْتُ وَلَدْتُ لِأَبِيهِ فَلَوْ كَلَّمْتِيهِ فَوَضَعَنِي مَوْضِعًا صَالِحًا فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ ؓ أَوَلَدْتِ لِأَبِيهِ؟ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ قَالَتْ فَأْتِي أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ ؓ يُعْتِقُكِ فَأَتَتْ عُمَرَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّهَا وَلَدَتْ مِنْ عُثْمَانَ وَأَنَّ ابْنَهُ يُرِيدُ بَيْعَهَا فَأَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ إِلَى ابْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ فَقَالَ أَرَدْتَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ لَيْسَ ذَاكَ لَكَ أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ قَالَتْ جَدَّتِي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا أَعْتَقَنِي قَالَ وَلَدُكِ مِنْ عُثْمَانَ قَالَتْ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ جَرَحَنِي هَذِهِ الْجِرَاحَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ أَبِيهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ أَعْطِهَا أَرْشَ مَا صَنَعْتَ بِهَا  

[Machine] About the Prophet ﷺ , there are stories regarding that.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ أَخْبَارٌ  

[Machine] So his wife said, "Now you are in debt, so I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and mentioned that to him." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Who is the companion of the inheritance of Al-Hubab bin 'Amr?" They said, "His brother, Abu Al-Yasr Ka'b bin 'Amr." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called him and said to him, "Do not sell it, and set her free. If you hear that Riqiq (a type of milk) has come to me, come to me and I will compensate you for it." So they did that, but they differed among themselves after the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Some people said: "The mother of the child is a slave woman. If not for that, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would not have compensated them for her." And some of them said: "No, she is a free woman whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ freed." That is where the difference lies.  

فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ الْآنَ تُبَاعِينَ فِي دَيْنِهِ فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ صَاحِبُ تَرِكَةِ الْحُبَابِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ؟ فَقَالُوا أَخُوهُ أَبُو الْيَسَرِ كَعْبُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو فَدَعَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَا تَبِيعُوهَا وَأَعْتِقُوهَا فَإِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِرَقِيقٍ قَدْ جَاءَنِي فَائْتُونِي أُعَوِّضْكُمْ مِنْهَا فَفَعَلُوا وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ إِنَّ أُمَّ الْوَلَدِ مَمْلُوكَةٌ لَوْلَا ذَلِكَ لَمْ يُعَوِّضْهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْهَا وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَلْ هِيَ حُرَّةٌ قَدْ أَعْتَقَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَفِي ذَا كَانَ الِاخْتِلَافُ  

[Machine] A man from the Ansar was entrusted with something, and he had a freed slave woman and a woman who had children from him. There was some dispute between the two women, so the freed slave woman sent a message to the man, saying, "Your slave is going to be sold, O Laqa." The news reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so he said, "She should not be sold." He ordered her to be freed. This hadith was narrated to us by Abu Bakr bin al-Harith al-Faqih, who heard it from Ali bin Umar al-Hafiz, who heard it from Muhammad bin Ismail al-Farisi, who heard it from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin al-Hajjaj bin Rushdeen, who heard it from Yunus bin Abdullah bin Rahim al-Asqalani. And Yunus has heard it from me, Ahmad bin Hanbal. Rashdeen bin Saad al-Mahri narrated it to me, and Talhah bin Abi Sa'id narrated it from Ubaidullah bin Abi Ja'far, who narrated it from Ya'qub bin al-Ashajj, who narrated it from Busr bin Sa'id, who heard it from Khawwat bin Jubair, who said that a man was entrusted with something, and he mentioned the hadith in a similar manner. He said that Rashdeen narrated it from Ibn Lahiyah, who heard it from Ubaidullah bin Abi Ja'far, who narrated it from Bukair instead of Ya'qub. And Allah knows best.  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ وَكَانَ فِيمَا تَرَكَ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ لَهُ وَامْرَأَةٌ حُرَّةٌ فَكَانَ بَيْنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَبَيْنَ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ بَعْضُ الشَّيْءِ فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهَا الْحَرَّةُ لَتُبَاعَنَّ رَقَبَتُكِ يَا لَكَاعِ فَرَجَعَ خَوَّاتٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تُبَاعُ وَأَمَرَ بِهَا فَأُعْتِقَتْ 21779 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْفَارِسِيُّ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ رِشْدِينَ ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ الْعَسْقَلَانِيُّ قَالَ وَسَمِعَهُ مِنِّي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ حَدَّثَنِي رِشْدِينُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْمَهْرِيُّ ثنا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ عَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ خَوَّاتِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَوْصَى إِلَيْهِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنِي رِشْدِينُ عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ عَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ خَوَّاتِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ 21780 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أنبأ عَلِيٌّ ثنا مُحَمَّدٌ ثنا أَحْمَدُ ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ عَنْ بُكَيْرٍ بَدَلَ يَعْقُوبَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever is born from a man, his slave woman is freed from the back of him. This is al-Husayn ibn Abdullah ibn Ubaydullah ibn al-Abbas al-Hashimi, and most of the companions of hadith weakened him."  

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ وَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ أَمَتُهُ فَهِيَ مُعْتَقَةٌ عَنْ دُبُرٍ مِنْهُ حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ ضَعَّفَهُ أَكْثَرُ أَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ وَقَدْ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to the mother of Ibrahim when she gave birth to him and Abu Bakr ibn Abi Sabra redeemed him: "He is weak, and his report cannot be used as evidence except that it has been narrated from other than him, from Husayn, with this wording."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِأُمِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حِينَ وَلَدَتْ أَعْتَقَهَا وَلَدُهَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي سَبْرَةَ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ  

[Machine] He said, when the mother of Prophet Ibrahim's son gave birth, the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said, "Free her and her child."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَمَّا وَلَدَتْ أُمُّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْتَقَهَا وَلَدُهَا كَذَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "His son freed her." Ali said that the narration of Ibn Abu Hussein, Ziyad bin Ayyub, is an exclusive one, and Ziyad is trustworthy. And regarding the narration of Ikrimah, it is a strange reason with a valid chain of transmission from him.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْتَقَهَا وَلَدُهَا قَالَ عَلِيٌّ تَفَرَّدَ بِحَدِيثِ ابْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ زِيَادُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ وَزِيَادٌ ثِقَةٌ وَلِحَدِيثِ عِكْرِمَةَ عِلَّةٌ عَجِيبَةٌ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْهُ  

[Machine] The mother of the child freed him, even if he was illegitimate, and so it was.  

أُمُّ الْوَلَدِ أَعْتَقَهَا وَلَدُهَا وَإِنْ كَانَ سَقْطًا وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] Khusayf narrated it, and then the conversation returned to Umar.  

ثنا خُصَيْفٌ فَذَكَرَهُ فَعَادَ الْحَدِيثُ إِلَى عُمَرَ  

[Machine] The saying of Allah the Exalted, "Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you." [An-Nisa: 59] And Umar was among those in authority, he said, "Even if she gives birth out of wedlock." And it is narrated from Al-Hakam ibn Aban from Ikrimah from Ibn Abbas that the Prophet ﷺ said, "The child of the mistress is free, even if he is illegitimate." And this hadith is weak. The hadith of Sa'id ibn Masruq Ath-Thawri from Ikrimah from Umar and the hadith of Sufyan from Al-Hakam from Ikrimah from Umar. And Allah knows best. It is possible that the narration of the story of Maria has a foundation, and Allah knows best.  

قَوْلُ اللهِ تَعَالَى {أَطِيعُوا اللهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ} [النساء 59] وَكَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ مِنْ أُولِي الْأَمْرِ قَالَ عَتَقَتْ وَإِنْ كَانَ سَقْطًا وَرُوِي عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبَانَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أُمُّ الْوَلَدِ حُرَّةٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ سَقْطًا وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ الصَّحِيحُ حَدِيثُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَحَدِيثُ سُفْيَانَ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَقَدْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِرِوَايَةِ قِصَّةِ مَارِيَةَ أَصْلٌ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] "Allah ﷺ said to the mother of Ibrahim, 'I have granted freedom to you and your child. This is confirmed by the narration from Aisha that the Prophet ﷺ passed away and did not leave behind any dinar, dirham, slave, or maid. This indicates that he did not leave the mother of Ibrahim as a slave and that she was granted freedom upon his death, as a result of the sacredness of lineage.'"  

اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِأُمِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَعْتَقَكِ وَلَدُكِ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ تُوُفِّيَ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ دِينَارًا وَلَا دِرْهَمًا وَلَا عَبْدًا وَلَا أَمَةً وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ أُمَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَمَةً وَأَنَّهَا عَتَقَتْ بِمَوْتِهِ بِمَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ حُرْمَةِ الِاسْتِيلَادِ  

[Machine] He informed him that while he was sitting with the Prophet ﷺ, a man from the Ansar came and said, "O Messenger of Allah, we are engaging in raiding which we love and is dear to us. What is your opinion on it in isolation?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "And indeed, you do that? There is no harm if you do not engage in it, for it is not a breath that Allah has written to come out except that it comes out."  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّا نُصِيبُ سَبْيًا فَنُحِبُّ الْأَثْمَانَ فَكَيْفَ تَرَى فِي الْعَزْلِ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَإِنَّكُمْ لَتَفْعَلُونَ ذَلِكَ؟ مَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَلُوا ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ نَسَمَةٌ كَتَبَ اللهُ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ إِلَّا هِيَ خَارِجَةٌ  

[Machine] Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri and Abu Sirmah informed him that they were taken captive in the Ghazwah of Bani Al-Mustaliq. Some of us wanted to ransom ourselves while others wanted to be sold. So, we went back and someone said to another person that it was not permissible. We mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said, "It is not necessary for you to separate, as Allah has determined what will happen until the Day of Resurrection."  

أَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ وَأَبَا صِرْمَةَ أَخْبَرَاهُ أَنَّهُمْ أَصَابُوا سَبْيًا فِي غَزْوَةِ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَكَانَ مِنَّا مَنْ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ أَهْلًا وَمِنَّا مَنْ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ فَتَرَاجَعْنَا فَقَالَ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضٍ لَيْسَ بِجَائِزٍ فَذَكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَعْزِلُوا فَإِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ قَدَّرَ مَا هُوَ خَالِقٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ  

[Machine] During the time of the Prophet ﷺ and Abu Bakr, we used to buy from the mothers of the children, but when Umar came, he prohibited us and we stopped.  

بِعْنَا أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَلَمَّا كَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ نَهَانَا فَانْتَهَيْنَا  

“We used to sell our slave women and the mothers of our children (Umahat Awaldina) when the Prophet ﷺ was still living among us, and we did not see anything wrong with that.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2517)   

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرًا يَقُولُ كُنَّا نَبِيعُ سَرَارِيَّنَا أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ حِيُّ لَا نَرَى بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا  

[Machine] We used to sell the mothers of children during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. There is nothing in these hadiths that suggests that the Prophet ﷺ was aware of this and approved it. We have narrated what indicates prohibition, and Allah knows best.  

كُنَّا نَبِيعُ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَلِمَ بِذَلِكَ فَأَقَرَّهُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى النَّهْيِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] My opinion and Omar's opinion agreed on the liberation of the mothers of the children. Then, I saw afterwards that they were irritated in such and such a matter. So, I said to him, "Your opinion and Omar's opinion about the unity is more beloved to me than your opinion alone in separation."  

اجْتَمَعَ رَأْيِي وَرَأْيُ عُمَرَ عَلَى عِتْقِ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ ثُمَّ رَأَيْتُ بَعْدُ أَنْ أَرِقَّهُنَّ فِي كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ رَأْيُكَ وَرَأْيُ عُمَرَ فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ رَأْيِكَ وَحْدَكَ فِي الْفُرْقَةِ  

[Machine] It is sold and not given as a gift or inherited. Its owner enjoys it as long as he lives, but when he dies, it becomes free.  

يُبَعْنَ وَلَا يُوهَبْنَ وَلَا يُورَثْنَ يَسْتَمْتِعُ بِهَا صَاحِبُهَا مَا عَاشَ فَإِذَا مَاتَ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ  

[Machine] "To sell, gift, or inherit them, and enjoy from them as long as one lives, then when one dies, they are freed."  

أَنْ يُبَعْنَ أَوْ يُوهَبْنَ أَوْ يُورَثْنَ يَسْتَمْتِعُ مِنْهُنَّ مَا عَاشَ فَإِذَا مَاتَ عَتَقْنَ  

[Machine] About the Prophet ﷺ, it is narrated that he ruled that their freedom is granted upon their masters' death, based on a text. He and others agreed on prohibiting the sale of female slaves, and it is likely that he and others inferred this from some evidence that reached us and was narrated to us from the Prophet ﷺ indicating their freedom. So he and others agreed on prohibiting the sale of female slaves. It is preferable for us to follow their agreement in what they unanimously agreed on before any disagreement arises, along with relying on evidence from the Sunnah. Allah knows best.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ حَكَمَ بِعِتْقِهِنَّ بِمَوْتِ سَادَاتِهِنَّ نَصًّا فَاجْتَمَعَ هُوَ وَغَيْرُهُ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ بَيْعِهِنَّ وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ هُوَ وَغَيْرُهُ اسْتَدَلَّ بِبَعْضِ مَا بَلَغَنَا وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى عِتْقِهِنَّ فَاجْتَمَعَ هُوَ وَغَيْرُهُ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ بَيْعِهِنَّ فَالْأَوْلَى بِنَا مُتَابَعَتُهُمْ فِيمَا اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَيْهِ قَبْلَ الِاخْتِلَافِ مَعَ الِاسْتِدْلَالِ بِالسُّنَّةِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] Umar said: "The mother of the child is to be freed, even if it is a miscarriage."  

قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ أُمُّ الْوَلَدِ تَعْتِقُ وَإِنْ كَانَ سَقْطًا  

[Machine] It is from the burden that she carried and became the mother of a child.  

أَنَّهُ مِنْ حَمْلٍ عَتَقَتْ بِهِ وَصَارَتْ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ  

[Machine] He heard Abdullah ibn Umar saying, "If a woman gives birth from her master and then marries afterwards and gives birth to children, her child will be like her in status, a slave as long as her master is alive. But if he dies, they will be free."  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ إِذَا وَلَدَتِ الْأَمَةُ مِنْ سَيِّدِهَا فَنَكَحَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَوَلَدَتْ أَوْلَادًا كَانَ وَلَدُهَا بِمَنْزِلَتِهَا عَبِيدًا مَا عَاشَ سَيِّدُهَا فَإِنْ مَاتَ فَهُمْ أَحْرَارٌ  

[Machine] About Dubur and the mother of the child, they are in the same position as their mother when she is freed, so they are freed when the master dies.  

عَنْ دُبُرٍ وَأُمِّ الْوَلَدِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أُمِّهِمَا إِذَا عَتَقَتْ فَهُمْ مُعْتَقُونَ إِذَا مَاتَ السَّيِّدُ  

[Machine] They are in the position of their mother.  

هُمْ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أُمِّهِمْ  

[Machine] She and her children are being freed.  

تَعْتِقُ هِيَ وَأَوْلَادُهَا  

[Machine] He said, "Any slave woman who gives birth to a child for her master, she is a source of pleasure for him as long as she lives. And when she dies, she is free from him. And whoever sexually abuses a slave woman, he has lost her and the child belongs to him, and the harm is upon him."  

قَالَ أَيُّمَا وَلِيدَةٍ وَلَدَتْ لِسَيِّدِهَا فَهِيَ لَهُ مُتْعَةٌ مَا عَاشَ فَإِذَا مَاتَ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ مِنْ بَعْدهِ وَمَنْ وَطِئَ وَلِيدَةً فَضَيَّعَهَا فَالْوَلَدُ لَهُ وَالضَّيْعَةُ عَلَيْهِ  

[Machine] A man who married a slave woman and she gave birth to children for him. Then he sold her and the children were raised by another man. That man brought them to 'Ubaidah and 'Ubaidah said: "You only set free the mother of the child when she gives birth to them as free people. But if she gives birth to them as slaves, then she is not set free."  

رُفِعَ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ رَجُلٌ تَزَوَّجَ أَمَةً فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ أَوْلَادًا ثُمَّ اشْتَرَاهَا فَرَفَعَهُمْ شُرَيْحٌ إِلَى عُبَيْدَةَ فَقَالَ عُبَيْدَةُ إِنَّمَا تَعْتِقُ أُمُّ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا وَلَدَتْهُمْ أَحْرَارًا فَإِذَا وَلَدَتْهُمْ مَمْلُوكِينَ فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَعْتِقُ  

[Machine] "It is based on its master."  

تُقَوَّمُ عَلَى سَيِّدِهَا  

[Machine] About Al-Zuhri in regard to "(the camel) Umm al-Walad" when it gives birth, it is obligatory for its owner to pay its owner its due.  

عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا جَنَتْ فَعَلَى سَيِّدِهَا جِنَايَتُهَا  

[Machine] The passage translates to: "The crime of a mother against her son's master."  

جِنَايَةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ عَلَى سَيِّدِهَا  

[Machine] The crime of a mother does not extend beyond her responsibility.  

جِنَايَةُ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ لَا تَعْدُو رَقَبَتَهَا  

[Machine] He said about the mother of the child that her master should divorce her while she is menstruating, and in the book of 'iddah, it is mentioned the differences regarding her. And with Allah is the guidance.  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ يُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا سَيِّدُهَا تَعْتَدُّ بِحَيْضَةٍ وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الْعِدَّةِ مَا رُوِيَ فِيهَا مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ  

[Machine] If a man buys a slave girl who has not yet reached puberty, he may release her after three months.  

إِذَا اشْتَرَى الرَّجُلُ الْوَصِيفَةَ لَمْ تَبْلُغِ الْمَحِيضَ اسْتَبْرَأَهَا بِثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ  

[Machine] About 'Ata and Tawus, Umar ibn Abdul Aziz, and Abu Qilabah may Allah have mercy on them  

عَنْ عَطَاءٍ وَطَاوُسٍ وَعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَأَبِي قِلَابَةَ رَحِمَهُمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى