I saw ʿUmar bin Al-Khattab (when he was stabbed) saying, "O ʿAbdullah bin ʿUmar! Go to the mother of the believers Aisha and say, ʿUmar bin Al-Khattab sends his greetings to you,' and request her to allow me to be buried with my companions." (So, Ibn ʿUmar conveyed the message to ʿAisha.) She said, "I had the idea of having this place for myself but today I prefer him (ʿUmar) to myself (and allow him to be buried there)." When ʿAbdullah bin ʿUmar returned, ʿUmar asked him, "What (news) do you have?" He replied, "O chief of the believers! She has allowed you (to be buried there)." On that ʿUmar said, "Nothing was more important to me than to be buried in that (sacred) place. So, when I expire, carry me there and pay my greetings to her (ʿAisha ) and say, ʿUmar bin Al-Khattab asks permission; and if she gives permission, then bury me (there) and if she does not, then take me to the graveyard of the Muslims. I do not think any person has more right for the caliphate than those with whom Messenger of Allah ﷺ was always pleased till his death. And whoever is chosen by the people after me will be the caliph, and you people must listen to him and obey him," and then he mentioned the name of ʿUthman, ʿAli, Talha, Az-Zubair, ʿAbdur-Rahman bin ʿAuf and Saʿd bin Abi Waqqas. By this time a young man from Ansar came and said, "O chief of the believers! Be happy with Allah's glad tidings. The grade which you have in Islam is known to you, then you became the caliph and you ruled with justice and then you have been awarded martyrdom after all this." ʿUmar replied, "O son of my brother! Would that all that privileges will counterbalance (my short comings), so that I neither lose nor gain anything. I recommend my successor to be good to the early emigrants and realize their rights and to protect their honor and sacred things. And I also recommend him to be good to the Ansar who before them, had homes (in Medina) and had adopted the Faith. He should accept the good of the righteous among them and should excuse their wrongdoers. I recommend him to abide by the rules and regulations concerning the Dhimmis (protectees) of Allah and His Apostle, to fulfill their contracts completely and fight for them and not to tax (overburden) them beyond their capabilities."  

كُنْتُ أُرِيدُهُ لِنَفْسِي فَلأُوثِرَنَّهُ الْيَوْمَ عَلَى نَفْسِي فَلَمَّا أَقْبَلَ قَالَ لَهُ مَا لَدَيْكَ قَالَ أَذِنَتْ لَكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ مَا كَانَ شَىْءٌ أَهَمَّ إِلَىَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَضْجَعِ فَإِذَا قُبِضْتُ فَاحْمِلُونِي ثُمَّ سَلِّمُوا ثُمَّ قُلْ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَإِنْ أَذِنَتْ لِي فَادْفِنُونِي وَإِلاَّ فَرُدُّونِي إِلَى مَقَابِرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِنِّي لاَ أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا أَحَقَّ بِهَذَا الأَمْرِ مِنْ هَؤُلاَءِ النَّفَرِ الَّذِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ فَمَنِ اسْتَخْلَفُوا بَعْدِي فَهُوَ الْخَلِيفَةُ فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا فَسَمَّى عُثْمَانَ وَعَلِيًّا وَطَلْحَةَ وَالزُّبَيْرَ وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ وَسَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَوَلَجَ عَلَيْهِ شَابٌّ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ فَقَالَ أَبْشِرْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِبُشْرَى اللَّهِ كَانَ لَكَ مِنَ الْقَدَمِ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ مَا قَدْ عَلِمْتَ ثُمَّ اسْتُخْلِفْتَ فَعَدَلْتَ ثُمَّ الشَّهَادَةُ بَعْدَ هَذَا كُلِّهِ فَقَالَ لَيْتَنِي يَا ابْنَ أَخِي وَذَلِكَ كَفَافًا لاَ عَلَىَّ وَلاَ لِي أُوصِي الْخَلِيفَةَ مِنْ بَعْدِي بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ الأَوَّلِينَ خَيْرًا أَنْ يَعْرِفَ لَهُمْ حَقَّهُمْ وَأَنْ يَحْفَظَ لَهُمْ حُرْمَتَهُمْ وَأُوصِيهِ بِالأَنْصَارِ خَيْرًا الَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالإِيمَانَ أَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْ مُحْسِنِهِمْ وَيُعْفَى عَنْ مُسِيئِهِمْ وَأُوصِيهِ بِذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةِ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُوفَى لَهُمْ بِعَهْدِهِمْ وَأَنْ يُقَاتَلَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ وَأَنْ لاَ يُكَلَّفُوا فَوْقَ طَاقَتِهِمْ  

'Umar b. Khattab, delivered the Friday sermon and he made a mention of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr. He (further) said: I saw in a dream that a cock pecked me twice, and I perceive that my death is near. Some people have suggested me to appoint my successor. And Allah would not destroy His religion. His caliphate and that with which He sent His Apostle ﷺ If death approaches me soon, the (issue) of Caliphate (would be decided) by the consent of these six men with whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained well pleased till his death. And I know fully well that some people would blame me that I killed with these very hands of mine some persons who apparently professed (Islam). And if they do this (blame me) they are the enemies of Allah, and are non-believers and have gone astray. And I leave not after me anything which to my mind seems more important than Kalala. And I never turned towards the Messenger of Allah ﷺ (for guidance) more often than this Kalala, and he (the Holy Prophet) was not annoyed with me on any other (issue) than this: (And he was so perturbed) that he struck his fingers on my chest and said: Does this verse. that is at the end of Surat al-Nisa'. which was revealed in the hot season not suffice you? And if I live longer I would decide this (problem so clearly) that one who reads the Qur'an, or one who does not read it, would be able to take (correct), decisions (under its light). He ('Umar) further said: Allah! I call You witness on these governors of lands, that I sent them to (the peoples of these lands) so that they should administer justice amongst them, teach them their religion and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and distribute amongst them the spoils of war and refer to me that which they find difficult to perform. O people. you eat 'these two plants and these are onions and garlic. and I find them nothing but repugnant for I saw that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sensed the odour of these two from a person in a mosque, he was made to go to al-Baqi'. So he who eats it should (make its odour) die by cooking it well.  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ خَطَبَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَذَكَرَ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَذَكَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَالَ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ دِيكًا نَقَرَنِي ثَلاَثَ نَقَرَاتٍ وَإِنِّي لاَ أُرَاهُ إِلاَّ حُضُورَ أَجَلِي وَإِنَّ أَقْوَامًا يَأْمُرُونَنِي أَنْ أَسْتَخْلِفَ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُضَيِّعَ دِينَهُ وَلاَ خِلاَفَتَهُ وَلاَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ بِهِ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ فَإِنْ عَجِلَ بِي أَمْرٌ فَالْخِلاَفَةُ شُورَى بَيْنَ هَؤُلاَءِ السِّتَّةِ الَّذِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ وَإِنِّي قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ أَقْوَامًا يَطْعَنُونَ فِي هَذَا الأَمْرِ أَنَا ضَرَبْتُهُمْ بِيَدِي هَذِهِ عَلَى الإِسْلاَمِ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ فَأُولَئِكَ أَعْدَاءُ اللَّهِ الْكَفَرَةُ الضُّلاَّلُ ثُمَّ إِنِّي لاَ أَدَعُ بَعْدِي شَيْئًا أَهَمَّ عِنْدِي مِنَ الْكَلاَلَةِ مَا رَاجَعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي شَىْءٍ مَا رَاجَعْتُهُ فِي الْكَلاَلَةِ وَمَا أَغْلَظَ لِي فِي شَىْءٍ مَا أَغْلَظَ لِي فِيهِ حَتَّى طَعَنَ بِإِصْبَعِهِ فِي صَدْرِي فَقَالَ يَا عُمَرُ أَلاَ تَكْفِيكَ آيَةُ الصَّيْفِ الَّتِي فِي آخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ وَإِنِّي إِنْ أَعِشْ أَقْضِ فِيهَا بِقَضِيَّةٍ يَقْضِي بِهَا مَنْ يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ وَمَنْ لاَ يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ عَلَى أُمَرَاءِ الأَمْصَارِ وَإِنِّي إِنَّمَا بَعَثْتُهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَعْدِلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ وَلِيُعَلِّمُوا النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِمْ ﷺ وَيَقْسِمُوا فِيهِمْ فَيْئَهُمْ وَيَرْفَعُوا إِلَىَّ مَا أَشْكَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ تَأْكُلُونَ شَجَرَتَيْنِ لاَ أَرَاهُمَا إِلاَّ خَبِيثَتَيْنِ هَذَا الْبَصَلَ وَالثُّومَ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا وَجَدَ رِيحَهُمَا مِنَ الرَّجُلِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ أَمَرَ بِهِ فَأُخْرِجَ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ فَمَنْ أَكَلَهُمَا فَلْيُمِتْهُمَا طَبْخًا  

"The people of As-Suffah were the guests of the people of Islam,they had nothing of people nor wealth to rely upon. And By Allah, the One Whom there is none worthy of worship besides Him – I would lay on the ground on my liver (side) due to hunger, And I would fasten a stone to my stomach out of hunger. One day I sat by the way that they (the Companions) use to come out through. Abu Bakr passed and so I asked him about an Ayah from Allah's Book, not asking him except that he might tell me to follow him (for something to eat). But he passed on without doing so. Then ʿUmar passed, so I asked him about an Ayah from Allah's Book, not asking him except that he might tell me to follow him. But he passed on without doing so. Then Abul-Qasim ﷺ passed, and he smiled when he saw me, and said: 'Abu Hurairah?' I said: 'I am here O Messenger of Allah!' He said: 'Come along.' He continued and I followed him, he entered his house, so I sought permission to enter, and he permitted me. He found a bowl of milk and said: 'Where did this milk come from?' It was said: 'It was a gift to us from so – and – so.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'O Abu Hurairah' I said: 'I am here O Messenger of Allah!' He said: 'Go to the people of As-Suffah to invite them.' - Now, they were the guests of the people of Islam, they had nothing of people nor wealth to rely upon. Whenever some charity was brought to him, he would send it to them without using any of it. And when a gift was given to him ﷺ, he would send for them to participate and share with him in it. I became upset about that, and I said (to myself): 'What good will this bowl be among the people of As-Suffah and I am the one bringing it to them?' Then he ordered me to circulate it among them (So I wondered) what of it would reach me from it, and I hoped that I would get from it what would satisfy me. But I would certainly not neglect to obey Allah and obey His Messenger, so I went to them and invited them. When they entered upon him they sat down. He said: 'Abu Hurairah, take the bowl and give it to them.' So I gave it to a man who drank his fill, then he gave it to another one, until it ended up with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and all of the people had drank their fill. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took the bowl, put it on his hand,then raised his head. He smiled and said: 'Abu Hurairah, drink.' So I drank, then he said: 'Drink.' I kept drinking and he kept on saying, 'Drink.' Then I said: 'By the One Who sent you with the truth! I have no more space for it.' So he took the bowl and praised Allah, mentioned His Name and drank.'” (Sahih)  

كَانَ أَهْلُ الصُّفَّةِ أَضْيَافَ أَهْلِ الإِسْلاَمِ لاَ يَأْوُونَ عَلَى أَهْلٍ وَلاَ مَالٍ وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ إِنْ كُنْتُ لأَعْتَمِدُ بِكَبِدِي عَلَى الأَرْضِ مِنَ الْجُوعِ وَأَشُدُّ الْحَجَرَ عَلَى بَطْنِي مِنَ الْجُوعِ وَلَقَدْ قَعَدْتُ يَوْمًا عَلَى طَرِيقِهِمُ الَّذِي يَخْرُجُونَ فِيهِ فَمَرَّ بِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ آيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مَا سَأَلْتُهُ إِلاَّ لِيَسْتَتْبِعَنِي فَمَرَّ وَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ ثُمَّ مَرَّ بِي عُمَرُ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ آيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مَا أَسْأَلُهُ إِلاَّ لِيَسْتَتْبِعَنِي فَمَرَّ وَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ ثُمَّ مَرَّ بِي أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ فَتَبَسَّمَ حِينَ رَآنِي وَقَالَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قُلْتُ لَبَّيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ الْحَقْ وَمَضَى فَاتَّبَعْتُهُ وَدَخَلَ مَنْزِلَهُ فَاسْتَأْذَنْتُ فَأَذِنَ لِي فَوَجَدَ قَدَحًا مِنْ لَبَنٍ فَقَالَ مِنْ أَيْنَ هَذَا اللَّبَنُ لَكُمْ قِيلَ أَهْدَاهُ لَنَا فُلاَنٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قُلْتُ لَبَّيْكَ فَقَالَ الْحَقْ إِلَى أَهْلِ الصُّفَّةِ فَادْعُهُمْ وَهُمْ أَضْيَافُ أَهْلِ الإِسْلاَمِ لاَ يَأْوُونَ عَلَى أَهْلٍ وَلاَ مَالٍ إِذَا أَتَتْهُ صَدَقَةٌ بَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَمْ يَتَنَاوَلْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا وَإِذَا أَتَتْهُ هَدِيَّةٌ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَصَابَ مِنْهَا وَأَشْرَكَهُمْ فِيهَا فَسَاءَنِي ذَلِكَ وَقُلْتُ مَا هَذَا الْقَدَحُ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الصُّفَّةِ وَأَنَا رَسُولُهُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَسَيَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أُدِيرَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَمَا عَسَى أَنْ يُصِيبَنِي مِنْهُ وَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَرْجُو أَنْ أُصِيبَ مِنْهُ مَا يُغْنِينِي وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بُدٌّ مِنْ طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَطَاعَةِ رَسُولِهِ فَأَتَيْتُهُمْ فَدَعَوْتُهُمْ فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَأَخَذُوا مَجَالِسَهُمْ فَقَالَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ خُذِ الْقَدَحَ وَأَعْطِهِمْ فَأَخَذْتُ الْقَدَحَ فَجَعَلْتُ أُنَاوِلُهُ الرَّجُلَ فَيَشْرَبُ حَتَّى يُرْوَى ثُمَّ يَرُدُّهُ فَأُنَاوِلُهُ الآخَرَ حَتَّى انْتَهَيْتُ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَدْ رَوِيَ الْقَوْمُ كُلُّهُمْ فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْقَدَحَ فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَتَبَسَّمَ فَقَالَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ اشْرَبْ فَشَرِبْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ اشْرَبْ فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَشْرَبُ وَيَقُولُ اشْرَبْ حَتَّى قُلْتُ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا أَجِدُ لَهُ مَسْلَكًا فَأَخَذَ الْقَدَحَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَسَمَّى ثُمَّ شَرِبَ  

ʿI have seen a dream, in which I saw myself being pecked by a rooster twice, and I think it signals my death. The people are telling me to appoint a caliph after me. Allah will not cause His caliphate or His religion to be lost, or that with which He sent His Prophet ﷺ. If I die, then the caliphate is to be decided by a council of these six men with whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was pleased when he died, then whichever of them you swear allegiance to, listen to him and obey. I know that there are some men then who will seek to undermine this matter, and I have sought them with these two hands of mine in support of Islam. It they do that, then those are the enemies of Allah, the misguided disbelievers. By Allah, I am not leaving behind anything of more concern to me than kalalah. I asked the Prophet ﷺ of Allah about it and he never spoke to me in such a harsh manner as he did with regard to that, to such an extent that he poked me in the chest or side with his hand or his finger and said: ʿO ʿUmar: The verse at the end of Soorah an Nisa’ that was revealed in summer is sufficient for you.” If I live, I will pass a judgement concerning it that no one who reads Qurʿan or who does not read Qurʿan will dispute. Then ʿUmar said: O Allah, bear witness concerning the governors of the regions; I sent them to teach the people their religion and the Sunnah of their Prophet ﷺ, and to divide the saiʿ among them, and to judge between them on a fair basis, and whatever they found difficult they were to refer to me. Then he said: O people, you eat two plants that I think are nothing but distasteful, this garlic and onion. At the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I would see that is the smell of these things was found on a man, he would be taken by the hand and led out to al-Baqeeʿ. Whoever must eat them, let him cook them to death.ʻUmar said this in a khutbah on Friday, and was stabbed on Wednesday 26 Dhul Hijjah.  

الْيَعْمَرِيِّأَنَّ عُمَرَ قَامَ خَطِيبًا فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَذَكَرَ نَبِيَّ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ رُؤْيَا كَأَنَّ دِيكًا نَقَرَنِي نَقْرَتَيْنِ وَلا أُرَى ذَلِكَ إِلَّا لِحُضُورِ أَجَلِي وَإِنَّ نَاسًا يَأْمُرُونَنِي أَنْ أَسْتَخْلِفَ وَإِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُضِيعَ خِلافَتَهُ وَدِينَهُ وَلا الَّذِي بَعَثَ بِهِ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ فَإِنْ عَجِلَ بِي أَمْرٌ فَالْخِلافَةُ شُورَى فِي هَؤُلاءِ الرَّهْطِ السِّتَّةِ الَّذِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ فَأَيُّهُمْ بَايَعْتُمْ لَهُ فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُ أَنَّ رِجَالًا سَيَطْعَنُونَ فِي هَذَا الْأَمْرِ وَإِنِّي قَاتَلْتُهُمْ بِيَدِي هَذِهِ عَلَى الْإِسْلامِ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَأُولَئِكَ أَعْدَاءُ اللهِ الْكَفَرَةُ الضُّلَّالُوَإِنِّي وَاللهِ مَا أَدَعُ بَعْدِي شَيْئًا هُوَ أَهَمُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْكَلالَةِ وَلَقَدْ سَأَلْتُ نَبِيَّ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْهَا فَمَا أَغْلَظَ لِي فِي شَيْءٍ قَطُّ مَا أَغْلَظَ لِي فِيهَا حَتَّى طَعَنَ بِيَدِهِ أَوْ بِإِصْبَعِهِ فِي صَدْرِي أَوْ جَنْبِي وَقَالَ يَا عُمَرُ تَكْفِيكَ الْآيَةُ الَّتِي نَزَلَتْ فِي الصَّيْفِ الَّتِي فِي آخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ وَإِنِّي إِنْ أَعِشْ أَقْضِ فِيهَا قَضِيَّةً لَا يَخْتَلِفُ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ أَوْ لَا يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَثُمَّ قَالَ اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ عَلَى أُمَرَاءِ الْأَمْصَارِ فَإِنِّي بَعَثْتُهُمْ يُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِمْ وَيَقْسِمُونَ فِيهِمْ فَيْئَهُمْ وَيُعَدِّلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَا أَشْكَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ يَرْفَعُونَهُ إِلَيَّثُمَّ قَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّكُمْ تَأْكُلُونَ مِنْ شَجَرَتَيْنِ لَا أُرَاهُمَا إِلَّا خَبِيثَتَيْنِ هَذَا الثُّومُ وَالْبَصَلُ لَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَرَى الرَّجُلَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يُوجَدُ رِيحُهُ مِنْهُ فَيُؤْخَذُ بِيَدِهِ حَتَّى يُخْرَجَ بِهِ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ فَمَنْ كَانَ آكِلَهُمَا لَا بُدَّ فَلْيُمِتْهُمَا طَبْخًاقَالَ فَخَطَبَ بِهَا عُمَرُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَأُصِيبَ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ لِأَرْبَعِلَيَالٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ  

I dreamt that a rooster pecked me twice, and I can only interpret it as meaning that my death is near, and there are people who are telling me I should appoint someone to be my successor, but Allah will not cause His religion and the caliphate, with which He sent His Prophet ﷺ, to be lost. If death comes to me soon, then the caliphate is to be decided by these six men with whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was pleased when he died. Whichever of them you swear allegiance to, then listen to him and obey. I know that some people will object to this matter. I have fought them with my own hands in the defence of Islam. If they do that, then they are the enemies of Allah and misguided kafirs. I am not leaving behind anything more important to me than kalalah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ never emphasised any issue to me since I accompanied him more than the issue of kalalah, and I did not ask him about anything more than I asked him about kalalah, until he poked me in the chest with his finger and said: “O 'Umar, is not ayatus­-saif (the verse of summer, i.e. it was revealed in summer), which appears at the end of Soorat an-Nisa', sufficient for you?ʿ If I live I will issue a decree that will be so clear that those who read the Qur'an and those who do not read it will be able to make decisions concerning it. Then he said. O Allah, I call upon You to bear witness over the governors of the regions, for I only sent them to teach the people their religion and the Sunnah of their Prophet and to the divide the fai' among them and to be just to them and to refer to me concerning any difficult matter, O people, you eat two plants which I find to be nothing but repugnant. I remember the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, if he noticed their smell coming from a man in the mosque, he would issue orders that he taken by the hand and led out to al­-Baqee', Whoever must eat them, let him cook them to death.ʿ  

طَلْحَةَأَنَّ عُمَرَ خَطَبَ يَوْمَ جُمُعَةٍ فَذَكَرَ نَبِيَّ اللهِ ﷺ وَذَكَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَقَالَ إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ دِيكًا قَدْ نَقَرَنِي نَقْرَتَيْنِ وَلا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا لِحُضُورِ أَجَلِي وَإِنَّ أَقْوَامًا يَأْمُرُونِي أَنْ أَسْتَخْلِفَ وَإِنَّ اللهَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُضِيعَ دِينَهُ وَلا خِلافَتَهُ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَ بِهِ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ فَإِنْ عَجِلَ بِي أَمْرٌ فَالْخِلافَةُ شُورَى بَيْنَ هَؤُلاءِ السِّتَّةِ الَّذِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ وَإِنِّي قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ قَوْمًا سَيَطْعُنُونَ فِي هَذَا الْأَمْرِ أَنَا ضَرَبْتُهُمْ بِيَدِي هَذِهِ عَلَى الْإِسْلامِ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَأُولَئِكَ أَعْدَاءُ اللهِ الْكَفَرَةُ الضُّلَّالُوَإِنِّي لَا أَدَعُ بَعْدِي شَيْئًا أَهَمَّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الْكَلالَةِ وَمَا أَغْلَظَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي شَيْءٍ مُنْذُ صَاحَبْتُهُ مَا أَغْلَظَ لِي فِي الْكَلالَةِ وَمَا رَاجَعْتُهُ فِي شَيْءٍ مَا رَاجَعْتُهُ فِي الْكَلالَةِ حَتَّى طَعَنَ بِإِصْبَعِهِ فِي صَدْرِي وَقَالَ يَا عُمَرُ أَلا تَكْفِيكَ آيَةُ الصَّيْفِ الَّتِي فِي آخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ؟ فَإِنْ أَعِشْ أَقْضِ فِيهَا قَضِيَّةً يَقْضِي بِهَا مَنْ يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ وَمَنْ لَا يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَثُمَّ قَالَ اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ عَلَى أُمَرَاءِ الْأَمْصَارِ فَإِنَّمَا بَعَثْتُهُمْ لِيُعَلِّمُوا النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِمْ ﷺ وَيَقْسِمُوا فِيهِمْ فَيْئَهُمْ وَيَعْدِلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَرْفَعُوا إِلَيَّ مَا أَشْكَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّكُمْ تَأْكُلُونَ مِنْ شَجَرَتَيْنِ لَا أُرَاهُمَا إِلَّا خَبِيثَتَيْنِ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا وَجَدَ رِيحَهُمَا مِنَ الرَّجُلِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ أَمَرَ بِهِفَأُخِذَ بِيَدِهِ فَأُخْرِجَ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ وَمَنْ أَكَلَهُمَا فَلْيُمِتْهُمَا طَبْخًا  

"The people of As-Suffah were the guests of the people of Islam,they had nothing of people nor wealth to rely upon. And By Allah, the One Whom there is none worthy of worship besides Him – I would lay on the ground on my liver (side) due to hunger, And I would fasten a stone to my stomach out of hunger. One day I sat by the way that they (the Companions) use to come out through. Abu Bakr passed and so I asked him about an Ayah from Allah's Book, not asking him except that he might tell me to follow him (for something to eat). But he passed on without doing so. Then ʿUmar passed, so I asked him about an Ayah from Allah's Book, not asking him except that he might tell me to follow him. But he passed on without doing so. Then Abul-Qasim ﷺ passed, and he smiled when he saw me, and said: 'Abu Hurairah?' I said: 'I am here O Messenger of Allah!' He said: 'Come along.' He continued and I followed him, he entered his house, so I sought permission to enter, and he permitted me. He found a bowl of milk and said: 'Where did this milk come from?' It was said: 'It was a gift to us from so – and – so.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'O Abu Hurairah' I said: 'I am here O Messenger of Allah!' He said: 'Go to the people of As-Suffah to invite them.' - Now, they were the guests of the people of Islam, they had nothing of people nor wealth to rely upon. Whenever some charity was brought to him, he would send it to them without using any of it. And when a gift was given to him ﷺ, he would send for them to participate and share with him in it. I became upset about that, and I said (to myself): 'What good will this bowl be among the people of As-Suffah and I am the one bringing it to them?' Then he ordered me to circulate it among them (So I wondered) what of it would reach me from it, and I hoped that I would get from it what would satisfy me. But I would certainly not neglect to obey Allah and obey His Messenger, so I went to them and invited them. When they entered upon him they sat down. He said: 'Abu Hurairah, take the bowl and give it to them.' So I gave it to a man who drank his fill, then he gave it to another one, until it ended up with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and all of the people had drank their fill. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took the bowl, put it on his hand,then raised his head. He smiled and said: 'Abu Hurairah, drink.' So I drank, then he said: 'Drink.' I kept drinking and he kept on saying, 'Drink.' Then I said: 'By the One Who sent you with the truth! I have no more space for it.' So he took the bowl and praised Allah, mentioned His Name and drank.'” (Sahih) (Using translation from Tirmidhī 2477)  

كَانَ أَهْلُ الصُّفَّةِ أَضْيَافَ الْإِسْلَامِ لَا يَأْوُونَ إِلَى أَهْلٍ وَلَا مَالٍ وَوَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ إِنْ كُنْتُ لَأَعْتَمِدُ بِكَبِدِي إِلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْجُوعِ وَأَشَدُّ الْحَجَرَ عَلَى بَطْنِي مِنَ الْجُوعِ وَلَقَدْ قَعَدْتُ يَوْمًا عَلَى ظَهْرِ طَرِيقِهِمُ الَّذِي يَخْرُجُونَ فِيهِ فَمَرَّ بِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ آيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مَا أَسْأَلُهُ إِلَّا لِيَسْتَتْبِعْنِي فَمَرَّ وَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ ثُمَّ مَرَّ عُمَرُ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ آيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مَا أَسْأَلُهُ إِلَّا لِيَسْتَتْبِعْنِي فَمَرَّ وَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ ثُمَّ مَرَّ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ فَتَبَسَّمَ حِينَ رَآنِي وَقَالَ «أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ» قُلْتُ لَبَّيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ «الْحَقْ» وَمَضَى فَاتَّبَعْتُهُ وَدَخَلَ مَنْزِلَهُ فَاسْتَأْذَنْتُهُ فَأَذِنَ لِي فَوَجَدَ لَبَنًا فِي قَدَحٍ فَقَالَ «مِنْ أَيْنَ لَكُمْ هَذَا اللَّبَنُ؟» قِيلَ أَهْدَاهُ لَنَا فُلَانٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ» فَقُلْتُ لَبَّيْكَ قَالَ «الْحَقْ أَهْلَ الصُّفَّةِ فَادْعُهُمْ فَهُمْ أَضْيَافُ الْإِسْلَامِ لَا يَأْوُونَ عَلَى أَهْلٍ وَلَا عَلَى مَالٍ» إِذَا أَتَتْهُ صَدَقَةٌ بَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَمْ يَتَنَاوَلْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا وَإِذَا أَتَتْهُ هَدِيَّةٌ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَصَابَ مِنْهَا وَأَشْرَكَهُمْ فِيهَا فَسَاءَنِي ذَلِكَ وَقُلْتُ مَا هَذَا الْقَدَحُ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الصُّفَّةِ وَأَنَا رَسُولُهُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَيَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أُدَوِّرُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَمَا عَسَى أَنْ يُصِيبَنِي مِنْهُ وَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَرْجُو أَنْ يُصِيبَنِي مِنْهُ مَا يُغْنِينِي؟ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بُدٌّ مِنْ طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَطَاعَةِ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ فَأَتَيْتُهُمْ فَدَعَوْتُهُمْ فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ وَأَخَذُوا مَجَالِسَهُمْ قَالَ «أَبَا هِرٍّ خُذِ الْقَدَحَ فَأَعْطِهِمْ» فَأَخَذْتُ الْقَدَحَ فَجَعَلْتُ أُنَاوِلُهُ الرَّجُلَ فَيَشْرَبُ حَتَّى يُرْوَى ثُمَّ يَرُدَّهُ وَأُنَاوِلُهُ الْآخَرَ فَيَشْرَبُ حَتَّى انْتَهَيْتُ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ الْقَوْمُ كُلُّهُمْ فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْقَدَحَ فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَيَّ فَتَبَسَّمَ وَقَالَ «يَا أَبَا هِرٍّ» فَقُلْتُ لَبَّيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ «اقْعُدْ فَاشْرَبْ» فَشَرِبْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ «اشْرَبْ» فَشَرِبْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ «اشْرَبْ» فَشَرِبْتُ فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَشْرَبُ وَيَقُولُ «اشْرَبْ» حَتَّى قُلْتُ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا أَجِدُ لَهُ مَسْلَكًا فَأَخَذَ الْقَدَحَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَسَمَّى ثُمَّ شَرِبَ «صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ الشَّيْخَيْنِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ بِهَذِهِ السِّيَاقَةِ» على شرط البخاري ومسلم  

[Machine] It is as if a red rooster calls me with a crow or two, and I only see that happen due to the presence of my appointed time. If my command is hastened, then surely consultation will be sought from these six chiefs who witnessed the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and were pleased with it. And I know that some people will criticize this matter. I fought against them with my own hand, in defense of Islam. If they do so, then they are the enemies of Allah, the disbelievers, the misguided. And I bear witness against the rulers of the cities that I have sent them to teach the people their religion and the Sunnah of their Prophet ﷺ , and to judge among them according to it. And what struck me as most severe from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ or what I received from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is nothing compared to the verse of Al-Kalala that struck my chest, and he said, "The verse of As-Sayf that was revealed in the last chapter of An-Nisa is sufficient for you." {They ask you for legal instruction. Say, "Allah instructs you about Al-Kalala."} And I will judge in it with a judgment that only those who read it will know. What is left for me, O people, is that you consume two plants that I consider detestable, the onion and garlic. Even though the Messenger of Allah ﷺ may have ordered a person with their smell to go out to Al-Baqi, whoever must consume them should prepare them well.  

كَأَنَّ دِيكًا أَحْمَرَ نَقَرَنِي نَقْرَةً أَوْ نَقْرَتَيْنِ وَلَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ إِلَّا لِحُضُورِ أَجَلِي فَإِنْ عَجِلَ بِي أَمْرٌ فَإِنَّ الشُّورَى إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطِ السِّتَّةِ الَّذِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَنهُمْ رَاضٍ وَإِنِّي أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ نَاسًا سَيَطْعَنُونَ فِي هَذَا الْأَمْرِ أَنَا قَاتَلْتُهُمْ بِيَدِي هَذِهِ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَأُولَئِكَ أَعْدَاءُ اللَّهِ الْكُفَّارُ الضُّلَّالُ وَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ عَلَى أُمَرَاءِ الْأَمْصَارِ فَإِنِّي إِنَّمَا بَعَثْتُهُمْ لِيُعَلِّمُوا النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِمْ ﷺ وَيَقْسِمُوا فِيهِمْ فَيْأَهُمْ وَمَا أَغْلَظَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي شَيْءٍ أَوْ مَا نَازَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي شَيْءٍ مِثْلَ آيَةِ الْكَلَالَةِ حَتَّى ضَرَبَ صَدْرِي وَقَالَ يَكْفِيكَ آيَةُ الصَّيْفِ الَّتِي أُنْزِلَتْ فِي آخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ {يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ} وَسَأَقْضِي فِيهَا بِقَضَاءٍ يَعْلَمُهُ مَنْ يَقْرَأُ هُوَ مَا خَلَا الْأَبِ أَلَا إِنَّكُمْ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ تَأْكُلُونَ مِنْ شَجَرَتَيْنِ لَا أَرَاهُمَا إِلَّا خَبِيثَتَيْنِ الْبَصَلِ وَالثُّومِ وَإِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُ بِالرَّجُلِ يُوجَدُ مِنْهُ رِيحُهَا فَيَخْرُجُ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ فَمَنْ كَانَ لَا بُدَّ آكِلَهُمَا فَلْيُمِتْهُمَا طَبْخًا  

[Machine] I was sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he returned from Badr. A man from the Ansar said, "Did we only encounter feeble old women like the fortified castles, whom we slaughtered?" The face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ changed until I saw him as if he had chewed on pomegranate seeds. Then he said, "O son of my brother, do not say that. They are the leaders of Quraysh. If you had seen them in their gatherings in Makkah, you would have burned them." By Allah, I went to Makkah and saw them sitting in the Mosque. I could not even greet them due to their awe-inspiring presence. I remembered the saying of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, "O people, love Quraysh, for whoever loves Quraysh has loved me, and whoever hates Quraysh has hated me. And indeed, Allah has made my people beloved to me, so I do not hasten to punish them, nor do I give them too much favor. O Allah, indeed You inflicted upon the first Quraysh their punishment. So, inflict upon the last of them their retribution, except that Allah knew what was in my heart of my love for my people, so He made me kind towards them." Allah says, "And warn, [O Muhammad], your closest kindred.And lower your wing to those who follow you of the believers." It means, my people. So all praise is due to Allah, who made Abu Bakr from my people, and the martyr from my people, and the Imams from my people. Indeed, Allah has turned the backs of the servants to the stomachs, and the best of the Arabs are Quraysh, and they are the tree that Allah says, "A good word is like a good tree." It means, Quraysh. "Whose root is firmly fixed" means, their nobility. "And its branches [high] in the sky." It means, the honor that Allah honored them with through Islam, which guided them to it and made them its people. Then Allah revealed a Surah in their honor in the Book of Allah, which is decisive, "For the accustomed security of the Quraysh - Their accustomed security [in] the caravan of winter and summer - Let them worship the Lord of this House, Who has fed them, [saving them] from hunger and made them safe, [saving them] from fear."  

كُنْتُ قَاعِدًا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ جَاءَ مِنْ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَهَلْ لَقِينَا إلَّا عَجَائِزَ كالْحِرْزِ الْمُعَقَّلَةِ فَنَحَرْنَاهُمْ فَتَغَيَّرَ وَجْهُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُهُ كَأَنَّهُ تَفَقَّأَ فِيهِ حَبُّ الرُّمَّانِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «يَا ابْنَ أَخِي لَا تَقُلْ ذَلِكَ أُولَئِكَ الْمَلَأُ الْأَكْبَرُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَمَا لَوْ رَأَيْتُهُمْ فِي مَجَالِسِهِمْ بِمَكَّةَ لَهِبْتَهُمْ» فَوَاللهِ لَأَتَيْتُ مَكَّةَ فَرَأَيْتُهُمْ قُعُودًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَمَا قَدَرْتُ أَنْ أُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ هَيْبَتِهِمْ فَذَكَرْتُ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ «يَا مَعَاشِرَ النَّاسِ أَحِبُّوا قُرَيْشًا فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ أَحَبّ قُرَيْشًا فَقَدْ أَحَبَّنِي وَمَنْ أَبْغَضَ قُرَيْشًا فَقَدْ أَبْغَضَنِي وإنَّ اللهَ حَبَّ إِلَيَّ قَوْمِي فَلَا أَتَعَجَّلُ لَهُمْ نِقْمَةً وَلَا أسْتَكْثِرُ لَهُمْ نِعْمَةً اللهُمَّ إَنَّكَ أَذَقْتَ أَوَّلَ قُرَيْشٍ نَكَالًا فَأَذِقْ آخِرَهَا نَوَالًا إلَّا أَنَّ اللهَ عَلِمَ مَا فِي قَلْبِي مِنْ حُبِّي لِقَوْمِي فَسَرَّنِي فِيهِمْ» قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ {وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} يَعْنِي قَوْمِي فَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الصِّدِّيقَ مِنْ قَوْمِي وَالشَّهِيدَ مِنْ قَوْمِي وَالْأَئِمَّةَ مِنْ قَوْمِي إِنَّ اللهَ قَلَّبَ الْعِبَادَ ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ فَكَانَ خَيْرَ الْعَرَبِ قُرَيْشٌ وَهِيَ الشَّجَرَةُ الَّتِي قَالَ اللهُ {مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ} يَعْنِي بِهَا قُرَيْشًا {أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ} يَقُولُ أَصْلُهَا كَرَمٌ {وَفَرْعُهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ} يَقُولُ الشُّرَفُ الَّذِي شَرَّفَهُمُ اللهُ بِالْإِسْلَامِ الَّذِي هَدَاهُمْ لَهُ وَجَعَلَهُمْ أَهْلَهُ ثُمَّ أنْزَلَ فِيهِمْ سُورَةً مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ مُحْكَمَةً {لِإِيلَافِ قُرَيْشٍ إِيلَافِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ الشِّتَاءِ وَالصَّيْفِ فَلْيَعْبُدُوا رَبَّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي أَطْعَمَهُمْ مِنْ جُوعٍ وَآمَنَهُمْ مِنْ خَوْفٍ}  

[Machine] I was sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he returned from the Battle of Badr. A man from the Ansar said, "Have we only fought old women like the fortified castles of Harz, whom we slaughtered?" The face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ changed, and I saw him twitching his mouth as if he had bitten a pomegranate seed. Then he said, "O son of my brother, do not say that. Those are the elite leaders of the Quraysh. If you had seen them in their gatherings in Makkah, you would have been amazed by their dignity and nobility." By Allah, I came to Makkah and saw them sitting in the mosque. I could not bring myself to greet them due to their awe. I remembered the saying of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , "O people, love the Quraysh, for whoever loves the Quraysh has loved me, and whoever hates the Quraysh has hated me. Allah has made my people dear to me, so I do not hasten to punish them or deprive them of blessings. O Allah, You have made the Quraysh taste the first retribution, so make them taste the final retribution as well, except that Allah knows what is in my heart of love for my people, so He has made me merciful towards them." Allah says, "And warn your closest kindred. And lower your wing to the believers who follow you." This refers to my people. Praise be to Allah, who made Abu Bakr from my people, and the martyr from my people, and the Imams from my people. Indeed, Allah has reversed the backs of His servants towards their stomachs, so the best Arab tribe is the Quraysh, who are the tree mentioned by Allah as a good word and a good tree." This means the Quraysh, "Its root is firmly established" means their nobility, "while its branches reach to the sky" means the honor that Allah honored them with through Islam, which guided them to it and made them its people. Then He revealed a Surah about them in the Book of Allah, which is firm, "For the accustomed security of the Quraysh, their accustomed security [in] the winter and summer journeys, let them worship the Lord of this House, Who has fed them, [saving them] from hunger and made them safe, [saving them] from fear."  

كُنْتُ قَاعِدًا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ جَاءَ مِنْ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَهَلْ لَقِينَا إلَّا عَجَائِزَ كالْحِرْزِ الْمُعَقَّلَةِ فَنَحَرْنَاهُمْ فَتَغَيَّرَ وَجْهُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُهُ كَأَنَّهُ تَفَقَّأَ فِيهِ حَبُّ الرُّمَّانِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «يَا ابْنَ أَخِي لَا تَقُلْ ذَلِكَ أُولَئِكَ الْمَلَأُ الْأَكْبَرُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَمَا لَوْ رَأَيْتُهُمْ فِي مَجَالِسِهِمْ بِمَكَّةَ لَهِبْتَهُمْ» فَوَاللهِ لَأَتَيْتُ مَكَّةَ فَرَأَيْتُهُمْ قُعُودًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَمَا قَدَرْتُ أَنْ أُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ هَيْبَتِهِمْ فَذَكَرْتُ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ «يَا مَعَاشِرَ النَّاسِ أَحِبُّوا قُرَيْشًا فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ أَحَبّ قُرَيْشًا فَقَدْ أَحَبَّنِي وَمَنْ أَبْغَضَ قُرَيْشًا فَقَدْ أَبْغَضَنِي وإنَّ اللهَ حَبَّ إِلَيَّ قَوْمِي فَلَا أَتَعَجَّلُ لَهُمْ نِقْمَةً وَلَا أسْتَكْثِرُ لَهُمْ نِعْمَةً اللهُمَّ إَنَّكَ أَذَقْتَ أَوَّلَ قُرَيْشٍ نَكَالًا فَأَذِقْ آخِرَهَا نَوَالًا إلَّا أَنَّ اللهَ عَلِمَ مَا فِي قَلْبِي مِنْ حُبِّي لِقَوْمِي فَسَرَّنِي فِيهِمْ» قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ {وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ وَاخْفِضْ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} يَعْنِي قَوْمِي فَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ الصِّدِّيقَ مِنْ قَوْمِي وَالشَّهِيدَ مِنْ قَوْمِي وَالْأَئِمَّةَ مِنْ قَوْمِي إِنَّ اللهَ قَلَّبَ الْعِبَادَ ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ فَكَانَ خَيْرَ الْعَرَبِ قُرَيْشٌ وَهِيَ الشَّجَرَةُ الَّتِي قَالَ اللهُ {مَثَلًا كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ} يَعْنِي بِهَا قُرَيْشًا {أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ} يَقُولُ أَصْلُهَا كَرَمٌ {وَفَرْعُهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ} يَقُولُ الشُّرَفُ الَّذِي شَرَّفَهُمُ اللهُ بِالْإِسْلَامِ الَّذِي هَدَاهُمْ لَهُ وَجَعَلَهُمْ أَهْلَهُ ثُمَّ أنْزَلَ فِيهِمْ سُورَةً مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ مُحْكَمَةً {لِإِيلَافِ قُرَيْشٍ إِيلَافِهِمْ رِحْلَةَ الشِّتَاءِ وَالصَّيْفِ فَلْيَعْبُدُوا رَبَّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي أَطْعَمَهُمْ مِنْ جُوعٍ وَآمَنَهُمْ مِنْ خَوْفٍ}  

[Machine] The horses of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ or the messengers of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came with a scorpion, so they took my aunt and some people. When they came to him (the Prophet) ﷺ , they made way for him. She said, "O Messenger of Allah, the one who has come has left, the child has been severed, and I am an old woman and I have no one to serve me. So may Allah bless whoever helps me." He said, "Who is your guest?" She said, "Adi ibn Hatim." He said, "Which one fled from Allah and His Messenger?" She said, "So may Allah bless whoever helps me." So when Adi returned, there was a man with him who seemed to be Ali. He said, "Salih, carry her loads." She said, "So I asked him and he ordered a donkey. I said, 'You have done what your father used to do.'" She said, "Go to him as a person in need or as a monk, for so and so came to him and he was affected by him, and so and so came to him and he was affected by him. So I went to him, and there was a woman and children or a child with him. He mentioned their relation to the Prophet ﷺ , so I knew that he was not a king like Khosrau and Caesar. He said, "O Adi, what prevents you from saying 'La ilaha illallah' (there is no god but Allah)? Is there any god other than Allah?" He said, "What prevents you from saying 'Allahu Akbar' (Allah is the greatest)? Is there anything greater than Allah?" So I embraced Islam, and I saw his face light up and he said, "Indeed, the Jews are those who are cursed, and indeed, the Christians are those who are astray." Then some people came to him and praised Allah, and he praised Him. Then he said, "Now, O people, it is for you to be humble before His grace, as a person humbles himself before a measure of food with a measured handful." Shu'bah said, "And most of what I know is that he said with a date, splitting a date. Indeed, one of you will meet Allah and He will say, 'Did I not make you hearing and seeing? Did I not grant you wealth and children? So what have you brought?' So he will look to his right, left, front, and behind him, but he will not find anything. So he will not fear the Fire except by Allah's face. So fear the Fire, even if it is with half a date. And if you do not find that, then with a good word. Indeed, I do not fear poverty for you, for Allah will help you and give you victory, or He will open up for you until the she-camel enters between two mountains, the fear of which is greater, that Thamud feared."  

جَاءَتْ خَيْلُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَو رُسُلُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِعَقْرَبٍ فَأَخَذُوا عَمَّتِي وَنَاسًا فَلَمَّا أَتَوْا بِهِمُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَفُّوا لَهُ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ نَأَى الْوَافِدُ وَانْقَطَعَ الْوَلَدُ وَأَنَا عَجُوزٌ كَبِيرٌ وَمَا بِي مِنْ خِدْمَةٍ فَمُنَّ عَلَيَّ مَنَّ اللهُ ﷻ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ وَمَنْ وَافِدُكِ؟ قَالَتْ عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ أَيِ الَّذِي فَرَّ مِنَ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ قَالَتْ فَمُنَّ عَلَيَّ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ وَرَجُلٌ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ تَرَى أَنَّهُ عَلِيٌّ فَقَالَ سَلِيهِ حِمْلَانًا قَالَتْ فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَأَمَرَ بِأَتَانٍ فَقُلْتُ لَقَدْ فَعَلْتَ فَعْلَةً مَا كَانَ أَبُوكَ يَفْعَلُهَا فَقَالَتْ ائْتِهِ رَاغِبًا أَو رَاهِبًا فَقَدْ أَتَاهُ فُلَانٌ فَأَصَابَ مِنْهُ وَأَتَاهُ فُلَانٌ فَأَصَابَ مِنْهُ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَإِذَا عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَصِبْيَانٌ أَو صَبِيٌّ فَذَكَرَ قُرْبَهُمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مَلِكَ كِسْرَى وَقَيْصَرَ فَقَالَ يَا عَدِيُّ مَا أَفَرَّكَ أَنْ يُقَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إلَّا اللهُ فَهَلْ مِنْ إِلَهٍ إلَّا اللهُ؟ مَا أَفَرَّكَ أَنْ يُقَالَ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ فَهَلْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ اللهِ؟ فَأَسْلَمْتُ فَرَأَيْتُ وَجْهَهُ اسْتَبْشَرَ وَقَالَ «إِنَّ الْمَغْضُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ الْيَهُودُ وإنَّ الضَّالِّينَ النَّصَارَى» ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ نَاسٌ فَسَأَلُوهُ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ «أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَلَكُمْ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنْ تَرْضَخُوا مِنَ الْفَضْلِ ارْتَضَخَ امْرُؤٌ بِصَاعٍ بِبَعْضِ صَاعٍ بِقَبْضَةٍ» قَالَ شُعْبَةُ وَأَكْثَرُ عِلْمِي أَنَّهُ قَالَ بِتَمْرَةٍ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَاقِي اللهَ فَقَائِلٌ أَلَمْ أَجْعَلْكَ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا أَلَمْ أَجْعَلْ لَكَ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا فَمَاذَا قَدَّمْتَ؟ فَيَنْظُرُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ وَعَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ فَلَا يَجِدُ شَيْئًا فَلَا يَتَّقِي النَّارَ إلَّا بِوَجْهِهِ فَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدُوا فَبِكَلِمَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ إِنِّي لَا أَخْشَى عَلَيْكُمُ الْفَاقَةَ لَيَنْصُرَنَّكُمُ اللهُ وَلَيُعْطِيَنَّكُمْ أَوْ لَيَفْتَحَنَّ لَكُمْ حَتَّى تَسِيرَ الظَّعِينَةُ بَيْنَ الْحِيرَةِ ويَثْرِبَ أَخْوَفُ مَا تَخَافُ عَلَى ظَعِينَتِهَا السَّرَقَ  

[Machine] Omar, I am staying the night if God wills. I am warning them against those people who oppress them in their affairs," said Abdulrahman. So I said, "Oh Amir al-Mu'minin, do not do that on this day. The season gathers the masses and their chaos. I fear that you might say something that they would take and fly off with, and not put it in its proper place. Wait until you enter the city, as it is the abode of migration, Sunnah, and faith. Purify yourself with the scholars and their leaders. Say what you want to say in a way that they understand it and put it in its proper place," said Omar. "If I enter the city safely, I will speak to the people there in the first gathering I establish, if God wills," he added. According to Ibn Abbas, when I arrived at the city, I migrated to Jumaa and found Sa'id ibn Zayd had already proceeded me in migration. He sat next to the pulpit and I sat next to him. Omar did not ascend the pulpit, so I ascended it and performed the prayer of witness and praised Allah for what He deserves. Then he said, "As for what follows, I will say something to you which I do not know if it will remain with you until my death. Whoever understands it and preserves it, let him speak it wherever his journey ends. And whoever fears that he will not understand it, then it is not allowed for anyone to accuse me of lying. Indeed, Allah sent Muhammad ﷺ with the truth and revealed the book to him. In what was revealed to him was the verse of stoning, so we recited it and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ carried it out, and we carried it out after him. I fear that if a long time passes, someone might say, ‘We do not find the stoning in the book of Allah,’ and they will go astray by abandoning an obligation that Allah has revealed. Indeed, stoning is prescribed in the book of Allah for the one who committed adultery, if he is married, be it from the males or females, when clear evidence is established or if a confession is made."  

عُمَرُ إِنِّي قَائِمٌ الْعَشِيَّةَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ فَمُحَذِّرُهُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ النَّفَرَ الَّذِينَ يَغْصِبُونَهُمْ أَمْرَهُمْ قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَا تَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَكَ هَذَا فَإِنَّ الْمَوْسِمَ يَجْمَعُ رَعَاعَ النَّاسِ وَغَوْغَاءَهُمْ فَأَخْشَى أَنْ تَقُولَ مَقَالَةً يُطَّيَّرُونَ بِهَا كُلَّ مُطِّيَّرٍ وَلَا يَضَعُونَهَا عَلَى مَوْضِعَهَا أَمْهِلْ حَتَّى تَقْدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَإِنَّهَا دَارُ الْهِجْرَةِ وَالسُّنَّةِ وَالْإِيمَانِ فَتَخْلُصُ بِفُقَهَاءِ النَّاسِ وَأَشْرَافِهِمْ تَقُولُ مَا قُلْتَ مُتَمَكِّنًا فَيَفْهَمُونَ مَقَالَتَكَ وَيَضَعُونَهَا عَلَى مَوَاضِعِهَا قَالَ عُمَرُ لَئِنْ قَدِمَتُ الْمَدِينَةَ صَالِحًا لَأُكَلِّمَنَّ النَّاسَ بِهَا فِي أَوَّلِ مَقَامٍ أَقُومُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَتُ الْمَدِينَةَ هَجَّرْتُ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ فَوَجَدْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ قَدْ سَبَقَنِي بِالتَّهْجِيرِ فَجَلَسَ إِلَى جَنْبِ الْمِنْبَرِ فَجَلَسْتُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ فَلَمْ يَنْشَبْ عُمَرُ أَنْ خَرَجَ فَجَلَسَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَتَشَهَّدَ فَأَثْنَى عَلَى اللهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنِّي قَائِلٌ لَكُمْ مَقَالَةً لَا أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَجَلِي فَمَنْ عَقِلَهَا وَوَعَاهَا فَلْيُحَدِّثْ بِهَا حَيْثُ تَنْتَهِي بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ وَمَنْ خَشِيَ أَنْ لَا يُعِيَهَا فَلَا أُحِلُّ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَكْذِبَ عَلَيَّ إِنَّ اللهَ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ بِالْحَقِّ وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ فَكَانَ فِيمَا أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةُ الرَّجْمِ فَقَرَأْنَاهَا وَرَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَرَجَمْنَا بَعْدَهُ فَأَخْشَى إِنْ طَالَ بِالنَّاسِ زَمَانٌ أَنْ يَقُولَ قَائِلٌ مَا نَجِدُ الرَّجْمَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَيَضِلُّونَ بِتَرْكِ فَرِيضَةٍ أَنْزَلَهَا اللهُ وَإِنَّ الرَّجْمَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ حَقٌّ عَلَى مَنْ زَنَا إِذَا أُحْصِنَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ إِذَا قَامَتِ الْبَيِّنَةُ أَوْ كَانَ الْحَبَلُ أَوِ الِاعْتِرَافُ  

[Machine] Ibn Shihab said, "This is a hadith of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he went to the Banu Nadir seeking their assistance against the Banu Qurayza. The Banu Nadir had claimed that they had conveyed secretly to the Quraysh when they camped at the Battle of Uhud to fight the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They incited the Quraysh to fight and directed them towards the rear. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed them regarding the issue with the Banu Qurayza, they said, 'Sit, Abu al-Qasim, until you are fed and your need is fulfilled, and then we will consult and rectify our situation regarding the matter for which you have come to us.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat down, and those who followed him sat as well, leaning against a wall, waiting for their matter to be rectified. When they all sat, and Shaytan was with them and did not leave them, they conspired to kill the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They said, 'You will not find a better opportunity than now to kill him, so be at ease, be safe in your homes, and calamity will be lifted from you.' A man said, 'If you wish, I can go up to the roof and throw a stone at him and kill him.' Allah inspired him and informed him of their plot. So Allah protected him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up as if he wanted to fulfill a need and left his companions sitting, and he waited for the enemies of Allah. Then a man from the people of Madinah came and they asked him about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said, 'I met him, and he entered the alleys of Madinah.' They said to his companions, 'Quickly, Abu al-Qasim needs us to go and support him in his need.' So the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ got up and returned. The Quran descended, and Allah knows best what the enemies of Allah did. He said, 'O you who have believed, remember the favor of Allah upon you when a people determined to extend their hands [in aggression] against you, but He withheld their hands from you. And fear Allah. And upon Allah let the believers rely.'" And this is the end of the narration.  

قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ هَذَا حَدِيثُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ خَرَجَ إِلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ يَسْتَعِينُهُمْ فِي عَقْلِ الْكِلَابِيِّينَ وَكَانُوا زَعَمُوا قَدْ دَسُّوا إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ حِينَ نَزَلُوا بِأُحُدٍ فِي قِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَحَضُّوهُمْ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ وَدَلُّوهُمْ عَلَى الْعَوْرَةِ فَلَمَّا كَلَّمَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي عَقْلِ الْكِلَابِيِّينَ قَالُوا اجْلِسْ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ حَتَّى تَطْعَمَ وَتَرْجِعَ بِحَاجَتِكَ وَنَقُومَ فَنَتَشَاوَرَ وَنُصْلِحَ أَمْرَنَا فِيمَا جِئْتَنَا لَهُ فَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فِي ظِلِّ جِدَارٍ يَنْتَظِرُ أَنْ يُصْلِحُوا أَمْرَهُمْ فَلَمَّا جَلَسُوا وَالشَّيْطَانُ مَعَهُمْ لَا يُفَارِقُهُمُ ائْتَمَرُوا بِقَتْلِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا لَنْ تَجِدُوهُ أَقْرَبَ مِنْهُ الْآنَ فَاسْتَرِيحُوا مِنْهُ تَأْمَنُوا فِي دِيَارِكُمْ وَيُرْفَعْ عَنْكُمُ الْبَلَاءُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ إِنْ شِئْتُمْ ظَهَرْتُ فَوْقَ الْبَيْتِ وَدَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ حَجَرًا فَقَتَلْتُهُ فَأَوْحَى اللهُ إِلَيْهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا ائْتَمَرُوا مِنْ شَأْنِهِ فَعَصَمَهُ اللهُ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ كَأَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ يَقْضِيَ حَاجَةً وَتَرَكَ أَصْحَابَهُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِمْ وَانْتَظَرَ أَعْدَاءُ اللهِ فَرَاثَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لَقِيتُهُ قَدْ دَخَلَ أَزِقَّةَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالُوا لِأَصْحَابِهِ عَجِلَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ أَنْ يُقِيمَ أَمْرَنَا فِي حَاجَتِهِ الَّتِي جَاءَ بِهَا ثُمَّ قَامَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَجَعُوا وَنَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِالَّذِي جَاءَ أَعْدَاءُ اللهِ فَقَالَ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَنْ يَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَعَلَى اللهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ} فَلَمَّا أَظْهَرَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ عَلَى مَا أَرَادُوا بِهِ وَعَلَى خِيَانَتِهِمْ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ أَمَرَ بِإِجْلَائِهِمْ وَإِخْرَاجِهِمْ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَسِيرُوا حَيْثُ شَاءُوا إِلَى آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ  

I dreamt that a rooster pecked me twice, and I can only interpret it as meaning that my death is near, and there are people who are telling me I should appoint someone to be my successor, but Allah will not cause His religion and the caliphate, with which He sent His Prophet ﷺ, to be lost. If death comes to me soon, then the caliphate is to be decided by these six men with whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was pleased when he died. Whichever of them you swear allegiance to, then listen to him and obey. I know that some people will object to this matter. I have fought them with my own hands in the defence of Islam. If they do that, then they are the enemies of Allah and misguided kafirs. I am not leaving behind anything more important to me than kalalah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ never emphasised any issue to me since I accompanied him more than the issue of kalalah, and I did not ask him about anything more than I asked him about kalalah, until he poked me in the chest with his finger and said: “O 'Umar, is not ayatus­-saif (the verse of summer, i.e. it was revealed in summer), which appears at the end of Soorat an-Nisa', sufficient for you?ʿ If I live I will issue a decree that will be so clear that those who read the Qur'an and those who do not read it will be able to make decisions concerning it. Then he said. O Allah, I call upon You to bear witness over the governors of the regions, for I only sent them to teach the people their religion and the Sunnah of their Prophet and to the divide the fai' among them and to be just to them and to refer to me concerning any difficult matter, O people, you eat two plants which I find to be nothing but repugnant. I remember the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, if he noticed their smell coming from a man in the mosque, he would issue orders that he taken by the hand and led out to al­-Baqee', Whoever must eat them, let him cook them to death.ʿ (Using translation from Aḥmad 186)   

بِأَنْ أَسْتَخْلِفَ وَإِنَّ اللهَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُضِيعَ دِينَهُ وَخِلَافَتَهُ وَمَا بَعَثَ بِهِ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَإِنْ عَجِلَ بِي أَمْرٌ فَالشُّورَى بَيْنَ هَؤُلَاءِ السِّتَّةِ الَّذِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ فَمَنْ بَايَعْتُمْ فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا وَإِنَّ نَاسًا سَيَطْعَنُونَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَأُولَئِكَ أَعْدَاءُ اللهِ الْكَفَرَةُ الضُّلَّالُ أَنَا جَاهَدْتُهُمْ بِيَدِي هَذِهِ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَإِنِّي لَا أَدَعُ شَيْئًا أَهَمَّ عِنْدِي مِنْ أَمْرِ الْكَلَالَةِ وَمَا أَغْلَظَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي شَيْءٍ مَا أَغْلَظَ لِي فِيهِ فَطَعَنَ بِأُصْبُعِهِ فِي صَدْرِي أَوْ فِي جَنْبِي ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا عُمَرُ يَكْفِيكَ آيَةُ الصَّيْفِ الَّتِي فِي آخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ وَإِنِّي إِنْ أَعِشْ أَقْضِ فِيهَا بِقَضَاءٍ لَا يَخْتَلِفُ فِيهِ أَحَدٌ قَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ أَوْ لَمْ يَقْرَأِ الْقُرْآنَ وَإِنِّي أُشْهِدُ اللهَ عَلَى أُمَرَاءِ الْأَمْصَارِ فَإِنِّي إِنَّمَا بَعَثْتُهُمْ لِيُعَلِّمُوا النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِمْ وَيَرْفَعُوا إِلَيْنَا مَا أَشْكَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَإِنَّكُمْ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ تَأْكُلُونَ مِنْ شَجَرَتَيْنِ لَا أُرَاهُمَا إِلَّا خَبِيثَتَيْنِ قَدْ كُنْتُ أَرَى الرَّجُلَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يُوجَدُ رِيحُهُمَا مِنْهُ فَيُؤْخَذُ بِيَدِهِ فَيَخْرُجُ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ فَمَنْ أَكَلَهُمَا فَلْيُمِتْهُمَا طَبْخًا الثُّومُ وَالْبَصَلُ قَالَ خَطَبَ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَمَاتَ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ لِأَرْبَعٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ  

[Machine] I saw Umar ibn Al-Khattab before he was struck by the days in Medina. He stood with Hudhaifah ibn Al-Yaman and Uthman ibn Hunayf and said, "How have you two managed to bear the burden of the earth that it cannot bear?" They said, "We have carried it by a command that it can bear." Hudhaifah said, "If I were to carry it, it would be weakened." Uthman ibn Hunayf said, "I have carried it by a command that it can bear, without any great favor." Umar then said, "See that you have not carried the burden of the earth that it cannot bear." They said, "No." Umar said, "If Allah grants me safety, I will leave the widows of Iraq without needing any man after me." He said, "Only four things came upon him until he was struck." He said, "And between me and him, there is no one except Abdullah ibn Abbas in the morning." He said, "And he used to stand between the rows. If he saw any disorder among them, he would say, 'Stand still until there is no disorder among them.' Then he would proceed and say the takbir." He said, "And perhaps he would recite Surah Yusuf or An-Nahl or something similar in the first raka'a until the people gathered." He said, "And it was only that he would say the takbir." He said, "I heard him say, 'The dog has killed me or the dog has eaten me,' when he was stabbed. Then he flew out of the wound with a double-edged knife that would not pass by anyone to the right or left except that it would stab him, until he stabbed thirteen men and nine of them died. When he saw that, a Muslim man threw a cloak on him. When the assassin thought that he had taken hold of him, he slit his own throat." He said, "And Umar held the hand of Abdullah ibn Awf and brought him forward." He said, "Who will take care of Umar? He has seen what he has seen." He said, "Regarding the surroundings of the mosque, they did not know anything except that they had lost the voice of Umar while they were saying, 'Subhan Allah, Subhan Allah.' Abdul-Rahman ibn Awf led them in a light prayer. When they finished, Umar said, 'O Ibn Abbas, see who killed me.' He went for a while and then came back and said, 'The slave of Al-Mughirah killed him.' He said, 'Really?' After they all spoke with their tongues and prayed towards their qibla and performed the Hajj according to their rites, he was brought to his house. We then left with him." He said, "And it was as if the people had not been affected by any calamity before that day. Some were saying, 'There is no harm,' while others were saying, 'We fear for him.' So they brought some wine and he drank it, and it came out of his wound. Then they brought some milk and he drank it, and it came out of his wound. They recognized that he was dead, and he mentioned this incident in his will and in the command to consult each other."  

رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصَابَ بِأَيَّامٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَقَفَ عَلَى حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ فَعَلْتُمَا تَخَافَانِ أَنْ تَكُونَا قَدْ حَمَّلْتُمَا الْأَرْضَ مَا لَا تُطِيقُ؟ قَالَا حَمَّلْنَاهَا أَمْرًا هِيَ لَهُ مُطِيقَةٌ وَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ لَوْ حَمَّلْتُ عَلَيْهَا أُضْعِفَتْ وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ حُنَيْفٍ حَمَّلْتُهَا أَمْرًا هِيَ لَهُ مُطِيقَةٌ مَا فِيهَا كَبِيرُ فَضْلٍ قَالَ انْظُرْ أَلَّا تَكُونَا حَمَّلْتُمَا الْأَرْضَ مَا لَا تُطِيقُ قَالَا لَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ لَئِنْ سَلَّمَنِي اللهُ لَأَدَعَنَّ أَرَامِلَ الْعِرَاقِ لَا يَحْتَجْنَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ بَعْدِي قَالَ فَمَا أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةٌ حَتَّى أُصِيبَ قَالَ وَإِنِّي لَقَائِمٌ مَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ إِلَّا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ غَدَاةَ أُصِيبَ قَالَ وَكَانَ إِذَا مَرَّ بَيْنَ الصَّفَّيْنِ قَامَ فَإِنْ رَأَى خَلَلًا قَالَ اسْتَوُوا حَتَّى إِذَا لَمْ يَرَ فِيهِمْ خَلَلًا تَقَدَّمَ فَكَبَّرَ قَالَ وَرُبَّمَا قَرَأَ بِسُورَةِ يُوسُفَ أَوِ النَّحْلِ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ قَالَ فَمَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ كَبَّرَ قَالَ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ قَتَلَنِي الْكَلْبُ أَوْ أَكَلَنِي الْكَلْبُ حِينَ طَعَنَهُ فَطَارَ الْعِلْجُ بِالسِّكِّينِ ذَاتِ طَرَفَيْنِ لَا يَمُرُّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ يَمِينًا وَلَا شِمَالًا إِلَّا طَعَنَهُ حَتَّى طَعَنَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا فَمَاتَ مِنْهُمْ تِسْعَةٌ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ طَرَحَ عَلَيْهِ بُرْنُسًا فَلَمَّا ظَنَّ الْعِلْجُ أَنَّهُ مَأْخُوذٌ نَحَرَ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ وَتَنَاوَلَ عُمَرُ يَدَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ؓ ا فَقَدَّمَهُ قَالَ فَمَنْ يلِي عُمَرَ ؓ فَقَدْ رَأَى الَّذِي رَأَى وَأَمَّا نَوَاحِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَدْرُونَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُمْ فَقَدُوا صَوْتَ عُمَرَ ؓ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ قَالَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ؓ صَلَاةً خَفِيفَةً فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفُوا قَالَ يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ انْظُرْ مَنْ قَتَلَنِي فَجَالَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ غُلَامُ الْمُغِيرَةِ فَقَالَ الصَّنِعُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ قَاتَلَهُ اللهُ لَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَمَرْتُ بِهِ مَعْرُوفًا فَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يجْعَلْ مِيتَتِي بِيَدِ رَجُلٍ يَدَّعِي الْإِسْلَامَ وَقَالَ قَدْ كُنْتَ أَنْتَ وَأَبُوكَ تُحِبَّانِ أَنْ تَكْثُرَ الْعُلُوجُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ وَكَانَ الْعَبَّاسُ ؓ أَكْثَرَهُمْ رَقِيقًا فَقَالَ إِنْ شِئْتَ فَعَلْنَا أَيْ إِنْ شِئْتَ قَتَلْنَا قَالَ كَذَبْتَ بَعْدَمَا تَكَلَّمُوا بِلِسَانِكُمْ وَصَلَّوْا قِبْلَتَكُمْ وَحَجُّوا حَجَّكُمْ فَاحْتُمِلَ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ فَانْطَلَقْنَا مَعَهُ قَالَ وَكَأَنَّ النَّاسَ لَمْ تُصِبْهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَبْلَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ لَا بَأْسَ وَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ نَخَافُ عَلَيْهِ فَأُتِيَ بِنَبِيذٍ فَشَرِبَهُ فَخَرَجَ مِنْ جُرْحِهِ ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِلَبَنٍ فَشَرِبَهُ فَخَرَجَ مِنْ جُرْحِهِ فَعَرَفُوا أَنَّهُ مَيِّتٌ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي وَصَايَاهُ وَأَمْرِ الشُّورَى  

"عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِى لَيْلَى أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ قَوْمِهِ لِيَشْهَدَ الْعشَاءَ فَاسْتُطِيرَ فَجَاءَتِ امْرَأُتُهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ، فَدَعَا قَوْمَهُ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَصَدَّقُوهَا أَنْ تَتَربَّصَ أَرْبَعَ حِجَجٍ ثُمَّ أَتَتْهُ بَعْدَ انْقضَائِهِنَّ، وَأَمَرَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَتْ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ زَوْجُهَا فَصَرَخَ بِعُمَرَ فَقَالَ: امْرَأَتِى لَا طَلَّقْتُ وَلَا مِتُّ، قَالَ: مَنْ ذَا؟ قَالَوا: الرَّجُلُ الَّذِى كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَخَيرُه بَيْنَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَبَيْنَ الْمَهْرِ، وَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ: ذَهَبَ بِى حَىٌّ مِنَ الْجِنِّ كُفَّارٌ فَكُنْتُ فِيهِمْ، قَالَ: فَمَا كَانَ طَعَامُكَ فِيهِمْ؟ قَالَ: مَا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّه عَلَيْهِ، وَالْفُولُ، حَتَّى غَزاهُمْ حَىٌّ مُسْلِمُونَ فَهَزَمُوهُمْ، فَأَصَابُونِى في السَّبْى، فَقَالُوا: مَا دِينُكَ؟ قُلْتُ: الإِسْلَامُ، قَالُوا: أَنْتَ عَلَى دِينِنَا، إِنْ شِئْتَ مَكَثْتَ عِنْدَنَا وَإِنْ شئْتَ رَدَدْنَاكَ عَلَى قَوْمِكَ، قُلْتُ: رُدُّونِى، فَبَعَثُوا مَعِى نَفَرًا مِنْهُمْ، أَمَّا اللَّيْلُ فَيُحَدِّثُونِى (وَأُحَدِّثُهُمْ) وَأَمَّا النَّهَارُ فَإعْصَارُ الرِّيحِ أَتْبَعُهَا حَتَّى رُدِدْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ، قَالَ ابْن جرَيْجٍ: وَأَمَّا أَبُو قَزْعَةَ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ عُمَرَ سَأَلَهُ: أَيْنَ كُنْتَ؟ فَقَالَ: ذَهَبَ بِى جِنٌّ كُفَّارٌ فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا يَدُورُونَ بِى في الأَرْضِ حَتَّى وَقَعْتُ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْت فِيِهمْ مُسْلِمُونَ فَأَخَذُونِى فَرَدُّونِى، قَالَ: مَاذَا يُشَارِكُونَنَا فِيهِ مِنْ طَعَامِنَا؟ قَالَ: فِيمَا لَا يَذكُرونَ اسْمَ اللَّه عَلَيْهِ مِنْهَا، وَفِيمَا سَقَطَ، قَالَ عُمَرُ: إنِ اسْتَطَعْتُ لَا يَسْقُطُ مِنِّى شَىْءٌ".  

"عن يحيى بن سعيد، عن سعيد بن المسيِّب، عن عمر بن الخطاب قال: قَالَ لِى رَسُولُ اللَّه ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ: يَا عُمَرُ! فَقُلْتُ: لَبيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّه، فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ يَبْعَثُنِى فِى حَاجَةٍ، قال: يا عُمَرُ أَيَكُونُ فِى أُمَّتى فِى آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ أُوَيْسٌ الْقَرْنِى يُصِيبُهُ بَلَاءٌ فِى جَسَدِهِ، فَيَدْعُو اللَّه فَيَذْهَبُ بِهِ إِلَّا لُمْعَةً فِى جَنْبِهِ إِذَا رَآهَا ذَكَرَ اللَّه ﷻ فَإِذَا لَقِيتَهُ فَأَقْرِئهُ مِنِّى السَّلَامَ وَأمُرْهُ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ لَكَ؛ فَإِنَّهُ كَرِيمٌ عَلَى رَبِّهِ،

بَارٌّ بِوَالِدَتِهِ، لَوْ يُقْسِمُ عَلَى اللَّه لأَبَرَّهُ، يَشْفَعُ لِمثْلِ رَبِيعَةَ وَمُضَرَ، فَطَلَبْتُهُ حَيَاة رسُولِ اللَّه ﷺ ، فَلَمْ أَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ، وَطَلَبْتُهُ خِلَافَةَ أَبِى بَكْرٍ فَلَمْ أَقْدِرْ عَلَيْه، وَطَلَبْتُهُ شَطْرًا مِنْ إِمَارَتِى، فَبَيْنَا أَنَا أستَقرِئُ الرِّقَاقَ وَأَقُولُ: فِيكُمْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُرَاد؟ فِيكُمْ أَحَدٌ مِن قَرنٍ؟ ، فِيكُمْ أُوَيْسٌ الْقَرْنِىُّ؟ فَقَالَ شَيْخٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ هُوَ ابْنُ أَخِى، إِنَّكَ تَسْأَلُ عَن رَجُلٍ وضيعِ الشَّأن: لَيْسَ مِثْلُكَ يَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ يا أَمِيرَ المؤمنين! قُلت: أَرَاكَ فِيه مِنَ الْهَالكِينَ، فَرَدَّ الكَلَام الأوَّلَ، فَبَيْنَا أَنَا كَذلِكَ إِذْ رُفِعَتْ لِى رَاحِلَةٌ رَثَّةُ الْحَالِ عَلَيْها رَجُلٌ رَثُّ الْحَالِ فَوَقَعَ فِى خَلَدِى أَنَّهُ أُوَيْسٌ، قَلْتُ: يَا عَبْدَ اللَّه! أَنْتَ أُوَيْسٌ القَرْنِىُّ؟ قال: نَعَمْ، قُلْتُ: فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّه ﷺ يَقْرَأ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ، فَقَال: عَلَى رسُولِ اللَّه ﷺ السَّلَامُ، وَعَلَيكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمؤْمِنِينَ! قَلْتُ: وَيَأمُرُكَ أَن تَدْعُو لِى، فَكُنْتُ أَلقَاهُ فِى كُلِّ عَامٍ فَأُخْبِرُهُ بِذَاتِ نَفْسِى، وَيُخبِرُنى بِذَاتِ نَفْسِهِ".  

"عن موسى بن جبير، عن شيوخٍ من أَهْلِ المدينةِ قالوا: كتب عمرُ ابن الخطاب إلى عمرو بن العاص: أما بعدُ فإنى قد فرضتُ لمن قِبَلى في الديوان ولذرِّيَّتِهم ولمن (وَرَد) علينا (بالمدينة) من أهل اليمنِ وغيرهم ممن توجَّه إليك، وإلى البلدان فانْظُرْ من فرضتُ له ونزلَ بك فأدِرْ عليه العطاءَ وعلى ذُريّته، ومن نزل بك ممن لم أفرضْ له فافرض له على نحو ما رأيتَنى فرضتُ لأَشْباههِ، وخذ لِنفْسك مائتى دينارٍ، فهذهِ فرائض أَهْلِ بدرٍ من المهاجرين والأنصارِ، ولم أُبَلِّغ بهَذا أحدًا من نُظَرائِك غيرَك؛ لأنَّك من عمَّال المسلمين فَأَلحقْتُك بأرْفَعِ ذَلك، وقد علمتَ أن مُؤْنَتَنا تَلْزمُك، فوفِّر الخَراجَ وخذْه من حقِّه، ثم عِفَّ عنه بعد جَمْعهِ، فإذا حصلَ إليك وجمعْته أخرجْتَ عطاءَ المسلمين وذُرِّيتهم، وما يُحْتاج إليه مما لابُدَّ منه، ثم انظر فيما فَضَل بعدَ ذلك فاحْمِله إلىَّ، واعلم أن ما قِبَلَك من أرضِ مصرَ ليس فيه خُمُسٌ، وإنما هى أرضُ صُلحٍ وما فيها للمسلمين فَىْءٌ، يُبْدَأُ بمنْ أَغْنى عنْهم في ثغورِهم وأجزأ عنهم في أعمالِهم، ثم تُفِيضُ ما فَضَلَ بعد ذلك على من سَمَّى اللَّه، واعلم يا عمرو أن اللَّه يراك ويرى عملك، فإنه قال: تبارك وتعالى في كتابه: {وَاجْعَلْنَا لِلْمُتَّقِينَ إِمَامًا} ويعلم من سريرتك ما يعلم من علانيتك فلتكن تقتدى به، وإن

معك أهلَ ذمةٍ وعهد قد أوصى رسول اللَّه ﷺ بِهم، وأوصى بالقِبْط، فقال: استوصوا بالقبط خيرًا فإِن لهم ذِمَّة ورَحِمًا، ورحِمُهم أَنَّ إسماعيلَ منهم، وقد قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ : من ظلم معاهَدًا أو كلَّفه فوق طاقته فأنا خصمه يومَ القِيامَة، احذر يا عَمْرو أن يَكون لقد ابتليتُ بولاية هذه الأمةِ وآنستُ من نفسى ضعفًا، وانتشرت رعيتى، وَرَقَّ عَظمِى، فَأَسأَلُ اللَّه أن يَقبضَنى إليه غيرَ مفرّط، واللَّه إنى لأَخشى لو ماتَ حمل بِأقْصَى عملك ضياعا أن أُسْأل عنه يَوم القِيامَة".  

"عن كَهْمسٍ الهلَالى قال: كُنْتُ عند عمر بن الخطاب فبينما نحن جلوس عنده إِذ جاءتِ امرأةٌ فجلست إليه فقالت: يا أميرَ المؤمنين: إِنَّ زَوْجِى قَدْ كَثُرَ شَرُّهُ وَقَلَّ خَيرُهُ، فقال لها: مَنْ زَوْجُكِ؟ قالت: أبو سَلَمة، قال: إِنَّ ذَاكَ رَجُلٌ لَهُ صُحبةٌ، وإِنَّهُ لَرَجُلُ صِدْقٍ، ثم قال عمر لرجلٍ عنده جالس: أَلَيْسَ كذَلِكَ؟ قال: يا أمير المؤمنين لا

نعرفهُ إلا بها قُلْتَ، فقال لرجلٍ: قُمْ فَادْعُهُ لِى، فقامت المرأةُ حين أرسل إلى زوجِها فقعدت خلفَ عُمَر، فلم يلبث أن جاءا معًا حتى جلس بين يَدَى عمرَ، فقال عمر: مَا تَقُولُ هَذِهِ الجَالِسَةُ خَلفِى؟ قال: وَمَنْ هَذِهِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ قال: هَذِهِ امْرَأَتُكَ، قال: وَتَقُولُ مَاذَا؟ فقال: تَزْعُمُ أنَّهُ قَدْ قَلَّ خَيْرُكَ وَكَثُرَ شَرُّك، قال: بِئسَمَا قَالَتْ يا أميرَ المؤمنين: إِنَّهَا لَمِنْ صَالِح نِسَائِهَا؛ أكْثَرُهُنَّ كِسْوَةً وَأكْثَرُهُنَّ رَفَاهِيَةَ بَيْتٍ، وَلَكِنَّ فَحْلَهَا بَلِى، فقال عمر للمرأة: مَا تَقُولِينَ؟ قالت: صَدَقَ، فقام عمر إليها بالدِّرَّةِ فَتَنَاوَلَهَا بِهَا ثم قال: أَى عَدُوَّةَ نَفْسِهَا؟ أَكَلْتِ مَالَهُ وَأَفْنَيْتِ شَبَابَهُ، ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَتِ تُخْبِرِينَ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ؟ قالت: يا أمير المؤمنين: لَا تَعْجَلْ، فَوَاللَّه لَا أَجْلِسُ هَذَا المَجْلِسَ أبَدًا، فأمرَ لَها بثلاثةِ أثوابٍ، فقال: خُذى هَذَا بما صَنَعْتُ بكِ وَإيَّاكِ أَنْ تَشْتَكِى هَذَا الشَّيْخَ، قال: فَكَأَنِّى أنْظُرُ إِلَيْها (قَامَتْ وَمَعَهَا الثِّيَابُ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا فَقَالَ: لَا يَحْمِلُكَ مَا رَأَيْتَنِى صَنَعْتُ بِهَا أَنْ تُسِئَ إِلَيْهَا) فقال: ما كنت لأفعلَ، قال: فَانْصَرَفا، ثم قال عمر: سَمعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّه ﷺ يقول: "خَيْرُ أُمَّتِى القَرْنُ الَّذِى أَنَا مِنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ الثَّانِى، ثُمَّ الثَّالِثُ، ثُمَّ يَنْشَأ قَوْمٌ يَسْبِقُ أَيْمَانُهُمْ شَهَادَتَهُمْ، يَشْهَدُونَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُسْتَشْهَدُوا، لَهُمْ لَغطٌ فِى أَسْواقِهِم".  

"عَنْ مَعْدانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ اليَعْمُرِىِّ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَامَ عَلَى المِنْبَرِ يَومَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَحِمدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَذَكَرَ أبَا بَكْرٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: رَأيْتُ رَؤْيَا لَا أُرَاهَا إِلَّا لِحُضُورِ أَجَلِى، رَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ دِيكًا - نَقَرَنِى نَقْرَتَيْنِ - أَحْمَر، فَقَصَصْتُها عَلَى أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ عُمَيْسٍ، فَقَالَتْ: يَقْتُلُكَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ العَجَمِ، وَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يَأمُرُونِى أنْ أَسْتَخْلِفَ، وَإِنَّ اللهَ - ﷻ - لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُضَيِّعَ دِينَهُ وَخِلَافَتَهُ الَّتِى بَعَثَ بِهَا نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ وَإِنْ يُعَجِّلْ بِى أَمر، فَإِنَّ الشُّورَى فِى هَؤُلَاءِ الستَّةِ الَّذِينَ مَاتَ النَّبِىُّ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ، عُثْمَانُ، وَعَلِىٌّ، وَطَلْحَةٌ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِى وَقَّاصٍ، فَمَنْ بَايَعْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وأَطِيعُوا، وَإِنَى أَعْلمُ أَنَّ أُنَاسًا سَيَطْعَنُونَ فِى هَذَا الأَمْرِ، أَنَا قَاتَلْتُهُم بِيَدِى هَذِه عَلَى الإِسْلَامِ، أُوَلئَكَ أَعْدَاءُ اللهِ الكُفَّارُ الضُّلَالُ، وَايْمُ اللهِ مَا أَغْلَظَ لِى نَبِى اللهِ ﷺ فِى شَىْءٍ مُنْذُ صَحِبْتُهُ أَشَّدَّ مَا أغْلَظَ بِى فِى شَأنِ الكَلَالَة، حَتَّى طَعَنَ بِإِصْبَعِهِ فِى صَدْرِى، وَقَالَ: يَكْفِيكَ آيَةُ الصَّيْفِ الَّتِى نَزَلَتْ فِى آخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ وَإِنَّى إنْ أَعِشْ فَسَأَقْضِى فِيهَا بِقَضَاءِ يَعْلَمُهُ مَنْ يَقْرَأُ، وَمنْ لَا يَقْرَأُ، أُشْهِدُ اللهَ عَلَى أُمَرَاءِ الأَمْصَارِ، إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَعَثْتُهُمْ لِيُعَلِّمُوا النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيَّهِمْ، وَيَرْفَعُوا إِلَىَّ مَا عُمِّىَ عَليْهِمِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ تَأكُلُونَ مِنْ شَجَرَتَيْنِ لَا أَرَاهُمَا إِلَّا خَبِيثَتَيْنِ: هَذَا الثَّوم وَالْبَصَل، وَايْمُ اللهِ لَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَرَى نَبِىَّ اللهِ ﷺ يَجِدُ رِيحَهُمَا مِنَ الرَّجُلِ فَيَأمُرُ بِهِ فَيُؤْخَذُ بِيَدِهِ فَيُخْرَجُ مِنَ المَسْجِدِ حَتَّى يُؤْتَى بِه الْبَقيعَ، فَمَنْ أَكَلَهُمَا فَلْيُمِتْهُمَا طَبْخًا، فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ يَوْم اْلجُمُعَةِ، وَأُصِيبَ يَوْمَ الأَرْبِعَاءِ".  

"عنِ الْحَسَنِ: أَنَّ سُرَاقَةَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ الْمُدْلَجِىِّ حَدَّثَهُمْ أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا جَعَلَتْ فِى رَسُول الله ﷺ وَأَبِى بَكْرٍ أَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً، قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا أنَا جالِسٌ إِذْ جَاءنِى رَجُلٌ، فَقالَ: إِنّ الرَّجُلَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ جَعَلَتْ قُرَيْشٌ فِيهِمَا مَا جَعَلَتْ قَرِيبٌ مِنْكَ بِمَكانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَأَتَيْتُ فَرَسِى (وَهُوَ المُوعى فَنَضَرْتُ بِه (* * *))، ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُ رُمْحِى فَرَكِبْتُهُ، فَجَعَلْتُ أَجُرُّ الرُّمْحَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَشْرَكَنِى فِيهِما أَهْلُ الْمَاءِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُما، قالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: هَذَا بَاغٍ يَبْغِينا،

فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَىَّ النَّبِىُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ اكفِنَاهُ بِمَا شِئْتَ، قَالَ: فَوَحِلَ فَرَسِى وَإِنِّى لَفِى جَلَدٍ (*) مِنَ الأَرْضِ فَوَقَعْتُ عَلَى حَجَرٍ، فَانْقَلَبَ، فَقُلْتُ: أَدْعُو الَّذِى فَعَلَ بِفرَسِى مَا أَرَى أَنْ يُخَلِّصَهُ، وَعَاهَدَهُ أَنْ لَا يَعْصِيَهُ، فَدَعا لَهُ فَخَلَصَ الْفَرَسُ. فَقالَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ : أَوَاهِبُهُ أَنْتَ لِى؟ فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ: فَهَاهُنا، قَالَ: فَعَمِّ عَنَّا النَّاسَ، وَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ السَّاحِلَ (* *) مِمَّا يَلِى الْبَحْر، فَكُنْتُ أَوَّلَ النَّهارِ لَهُمْ طَالِبًا، وآخِرَ اللَّيْلِ لَهُمْ مَسْلَحَةً (* * *)، وقَالَ لِى: إِذَا اسْتَقَرَرْنا بِالْمَدِينَة فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تَأتِينَا فَأتِنَا، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَظَهَرَ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ وَأُحُدٍ وَأَسْلَمَ النَّاسُ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُمْ بَلَغَنى أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ خَالِدَ ابْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى بَنى مُدْلَجٍ، فَأَتَيْتُهُ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَنْشُدُكَ النِّعْمَةَ، فَقالَ الْقَوْمُ: مَهْ. فَقالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ دَعُوهُ، فَقالَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ : مَا تُريدُ؟ فَقُلْتُ: بَلَغَنى أَنَّكَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَبْعَثَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى قَوْمِى، فَأَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تُوادِعَهُمْ، فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَ قَوْمُهُمْ أَسْلَمُوا مَعَهُمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمُوا لَمْ تَخْشُنْ صدُورُ قَوْمِهِمْ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ بِيَدِ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَقالَ لَهُ: اذْهَبْ مَعَهُ فَاصْنَعْ مَا أَرَادَ، فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَتْ قُرَيْشٌ أَسَلَمُوا مَعَهُمْ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ {وَدُّوا لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ كَمَا كَفَرُوا ... } حَتَّى بَلَغَ: {إِلَّا الَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ ... } الآية.

قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: فَالَّذِينَ حَصِرَتْ صُدُورُهُمْ بَنُو مُدْلَجٍ، فَمَنْ وَصَلَ إِلَى مُدْلِجٍ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ كَانَ فِى مِثْلِ عَهْدهِمْ".  

"عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبِيرٍ قَالَ: أُتِى عُمَرُ بْنُ الخَطَّابِ بِامْرَأَةٍ قَدْ وَلَدَتْ له وَلدًا لَهُ خَلْقَانِ وَبَطْنَانِ وَأرْبَعَةُ أَيْدٍ وَرَأَسَانِ وَفَرْجَانِ، هَذَا فِى النِّصْفِ الأَعْلَى، فَأَما فِى الأَسْفَلِ فَلَهُ فخِذَانِ وسَاقانِ وَرِجْلَانِ مِثْلَ سَائِر النَّاسِ، فَطَلَبت الْمرأَةُ مِيرَاثهَا مِنْ زَوْجِها

وَهُوَ أَبُو ذَلِكَ الْخَلْقِ الْعَجِيبِ، فَدَعَا عُمَرُ بِأَصْحَابِ رسُولِ الله ﷺ فَشَاوَرَهُم فَلَمْ يُجِيبُوا فِيهِ بِشَئٍ، وَدَعَا عَلىَّ بْنَ أَبِى طَالِبٍ فَقالَ عَلِىٌّ: إِنَّ هَذَا أَمْرٌ يَكُونُ لَهُ نَبأٌ فَاحْبِسْهَا وَاحْبسْ وَلَدَهَا وَاقْبِضْ مَالَهُم وَأَقِمْ لَهُم مَنْ يَخْدمُهُمْ، وَأَنْفِقْ عَلَيْهِم بِالمْعرُوفِ، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ، فَمَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَشَبَّ الْخَلْقُ وَطَلَبَ الْمِيرَاثَ فَحَكَمَ لَهُ عَلىٌّ بِأَنْ يُقَامَ لَهُ خَادِمٌ خَصِىٌّ يَخْدمُ فَرْجَيْه ويَتَوَلَّى مِنْهُ مَا تَتَوَلَّى الأُمَّهاتُ مَالَا يحِلُّ لأَحَدٍ سِوَى الْخَادِمِ، ثمَّ إِنَّ أَحَدَ الْبَدَنَيْنِ طَلَبَ النِّكَاحَ فَبَعَثَ عُمَرُ إِلَى عَلَىٍّ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أَبَا حَسَنٍ مَا تَجِدُ فِى أَمْرِ هَذَيْن؟ إِنْ اشْتَهَى أَحَدُهُمَا شَهْوَةً لخَالَفَهُ الآخَرُ، وَإِنْ طَلَبَ الآخَرُ حَاجَةً طَلَبَ الَّذِى يَلِيه ضِدَّهَا حَتَّى إِنَّهُ فِى سَاعَتنَا هَذِهِ طَلَبَ أَحَدُهُمَا الْجِمَاعَ فَقَالَ: الله أَكْبَرُ إِنَّ الله أحْلَمُ وأكْرَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يرى عَبْدٌ أَخَاهُ وهُوَ يُجَامِعُ أَهْلَهُ، ولَكِنْ هلِّلُوهُ ثَلَاثًا فَإِنَّ الله سَيَقْضِى قَضَاءَهُ فِيهِ، مَا طَلَبَ هَذَا إِلَّا عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ، فَعَاشَ بَعْدَهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَمَاتَ، فَجَمَعَ عُمَرُ أَصْحَابَ رسُولِ الله ﷺ فَشَاوَرَهُم فِيهِ، قَالَ بَعْضُهُم: اقْطَعْهُ حَتَّى تبين الحى مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَتُكَفَّنهُ وَتَدْفِنهُ فقال عمر: إن هذا الذى أشرتم أعجب أن تقتل حيا بِحَالِ مَيَّتٍ، وَضَجَّ الْجَسَدُ الْحِىُّ، فَقَالَ: الله حَسْبُكُم، تَقْتُلُونِى وَأَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا الله وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ الله، وَأَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَى عَلِىٍّ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أبَا الْحَسَنِ: احْكُمْ فِيمَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْخَلقَيْنِ، فَقَالَ عَلِىٌّ: ألا يوفيه أوضح من ذلك وأسهل وأيسر الْحُكْم أَنْ يُغَسِّلُوهُ ويُحَنِّطُوهُ ويُكفَّنُوهُ ولك مَعَ ابْنِ أُمِّهِ تَحْمِلُهُ الْخَادِمُ إِذَا مَشَى فَيُعَاوِنُ عَلَيْهِ أَخَاهُ، فَإذَا كَانَ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ جَفَّ فَاقْطَعُوهُ جافًا ويكون موضعه حى لا يألم فإِنِّى أعلم أن الله لا يُبْقِى الْحَىَّ بَعْدَهُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ يَتأَذَّى بِرَائحَةِ نَتَنِهِ وَجِيفَتِهِ فَفَعَلُوا بِهِ ذَلِكَ، فَعَاشَ الآخَرُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ومَاتَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ - رَضِى الله عَنْهُ - أين ابن أَبِى طَالِبٍ؟ فَمَا رَأَيْتُ كَاشِف كُلِّ شُبْهَةٍ وَمَوْضِعَ كُلِّ حكم".  

"عَنْ عَطاء بن أَبِى رَبَاحٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا مَعَ ابنِ عُمَرَ، فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ إِرْسَالِ الْعِمَامَةِ خَلْفَهُ، فَقَالَ ابن عُمَرَ: سَأُنْبِيكَ عَنْهُ بِعِلْمٍ إنْ شَاءَ الله، كنتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ الله ﷺ عَاشِر عَشَرة رَهْطٍ فِى مَسْجِد فِيهِم أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ، وَعُمَرُ بن الْخَطَّاب، وَعَلِىٌّ، وَعُثْمَانُ، وعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَن بن عَوْفٍ، وابنُ جَبَلٍ، وابنُ مَسْعُود، وأبُو سَعِيدٍ الخُدْرِى، وابن عُمَرَ، فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى النَّبِىِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ الله: أَىُّ المؤمنِينِ أَفْضَل؟ قَالَ: أَحْسَنُهُم خُلُقًا، قَالَ: فَأَىُّ الْمُؤْمِنين أَكْيَس؟ قَالَ: أَكْثَرُهُمْ لِلمَوتِ ذِكْرًا وَأحْسَنهُم لَهُ اسْتِعْدَادًا، أُولَئكَ هُمُ الأكيَاس ثُمَّ أَمْسَكَ النَّبيُّ، وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُول الله ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ: خِصَالٌ خَمس وَأَعُوذُ بِالله أَنْ تُدْركُوهُنَّ: لَمْ تَظْهَر الْفَاحِشَةُ فِى قَوْمٍ قَطُّ حَتَّى يُعْلِنُوا بهَا إلاَّ فَشَا فيهِم الطَّاعُونُ وَالأَوْجَاعُ الَّتِى لَمْ تَكُن مَضَتْ فِى أَسْلافِهِم الَّذِين مَضَوا، وَلَمْ يُنْقِصُوا الْمِكيَال والْميزَانَ إلاَّ أُخذُوا بِالسِّنينَ وَشِدَّةِ الْمؤُنَةِ وَجَوْرِ السُّلْطَانِ عَلَيْهِم، وَلَمْ يَمْنَعُوا زَكَاةَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ إِلاَّ مُنِعُوا القَطْرَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، وَلَوْلاَ البَهَائِم لَمْ يُمْطَرُوا، وَلَمْ يَنْقُضُوا عَهْدَ الله وَعَهْدَ رَسُولِهِ إلا سَلَّطَ الله عَلَيْهِم عَدُوَّهُمْ مِنْ غَيْرِهِم فَأَخَذُوا بَعْضَ مَا كَانَ فِى أَيْدِيهم وَلَم تَحكُم أَئمَّتهُم بكتَابِ الله ويتخَيَّروا فِيما أنزَلَ الله إلاَّجَعَلَ بَأسَهُمَ بَيْنَهُم، ثُمَّ أَمَر النَّبِىُّ ﷺ ابنَ عَوْفٍ أنْ يَتَجَهَّزَ لسَريةٍ يَبْعَثُهَا، فَأَصْبَحَ وَقَد اعْتَمَّ بِعمامَةٍ مِنْ كرَابِيس سَوْدَاء فَأَدْنَاهُ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ نقضها فَعَمَّمَهُ بِيَدِه وَأَرَسَلَ العمَامَةَ خَلْفَهُ أَرْبَع أَصَابِعَ أَوْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: هَكَذَا يَابْنَ عَوْفٍ فَاعْتَمَّ فَإنَّهُ أَعْرب وَأَحْسَنُ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ النَّبِىُّ ﷺ بِلاَلا يَدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ اللِّواءَ فَحَمِدَ الله - ﷻ - وَصَلَّى عَلَى النَّبىِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ: خُذْهُ يَابْنَ عَوْف اغْزُوا فِى سَبِيلِ الله جَمِيعًا قَاتِلوُا مَنْ كَفَر بِالله وَلاَ تَغُلُّوا وَلاَ تَغْدُرُوا، وَلاَ تُمثِّلُوا، وَلاَ تَقْتُلوا وَلِيدًا، فَهذَا عَهْدُ الله إِلِيْكُم، وَسِيرَةُ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ فِيكُمْ".