AbdurRahman ibn AbuUqbah quoted his father AbuUqbah who was a client from the people of Persia as saying: I was present at Uhud along with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and on smiting one of the polytheists I said: Take this from me who is the young Persian. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then turned to me and said: Why did you not say: Take this from me who is the young Ansari?  

عَنْ أَبِي عُقْبَةَ وَكَانَ مَوْلًى مِنْ أَهْلِ فَارِسَ قَالَ شَهِدْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُحُدًا فَضَرَبْتُ رَجُلاً مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقُلْتُ خُذْهَا مِنِّي وَأَنَا الْغُلاَمُ الْفَارِسِيُّ فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَىَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ فَهَلاَّ قُلْتَ خُذْهَا مِنِّي وَأَنَا الْغُلاَمُ الأَنْصَارِيُّ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: When a man loves his brother, he should tell him that he loves him.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا أَحَبَّ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ فَلْيُخْبِرْهُ أَنَّهُ يُحِبُّهُ  

A man was with the Prophet ﷺ and a man passed by him and said: Messenger of Allah! I love this man. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then asked: Have you informed him? He replied: No. He said: Inform him. He then went to him and said: I love you for Allah's sake. He replied: May He for Whose sake you love me love you!  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً كَانَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لأُحِبُّ هَذَا فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَعْلَمْتَهُ قَالَ لاَ قَالَ أَعْلِمْهُ قَالَ فَلَحِقَهُ فَقَالَ إِنِّي أُحِبُّكَ فِي اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَحَبَّكَ الَّذِي أَحْبَبْتَنِي لَهُ  

Messenger of Allah! A man loves some people, but he cannot do work like their work. He replied; Yes, Abu Dharr, will be with those whom you love. Abu Dharr then repeated it. The Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) also repeated it.  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الرَّجُلُ يُحِبُّ الْقَوْمَ وَلاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ كَعَمَلِهِمْ قَالَ أَنْتَ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ مَعَ مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ قَالَ فَإِنَّكَ مَعَ مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ قَالَ فَأَعَادَهَا أَبُو ذَرٍّ فَأَعَادَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  

I never saw the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) so happy about anything as I saw them happy about this thing. A man said : Messenger of Allah! A man loves another man for the good work which he does, but he himself cannot do like it. The Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) said: A man will be with those whom he loves.  

رَأَيْتُ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرِحُوا بِشَىْءٍ لَمْ أَرَهُمْ فَرِحُوا بِشَىْءٍ أَشَدَّ مِنْهُ قَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الرَّجُلُ يُحِبُّ الرَّجُلَ عَلَى الْعَمَلِ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ وَلاَ يَعْمَلُ بِمِثْلِهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَرْءُ مَعَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: He who is consulted is trustworthy.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمُسْتَشَارُ مُؤْتَمَنٌ  

A man came to the prophet (May peace be upon him) and said: Messenger of Allah! I have been left without a mount. So give me a mount. He replied: I have no mount to give, but go to so and so; he may perhaps give you a mount. He then went to him and he gave him a mount. He came to the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) and informed him about it. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) said: if anyone guides someone to a good (deed), he will get the reward like the reward of the one who does it.  

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أُبْدِعَ بِي فَاحْمِلْنِي قَالَ لاَ أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُكَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَكِنِ ائْتِ فُلاَنًا فَلَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَحْمِلَكَ فَأَتَاهُ فَحَمَلَهُ فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ دَلَّ عَلَى خَيْرٍ فَلَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ فَاعِلِهِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: Your love for a thing causes blindness and deafness.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ حُبُّكَ الشَّىْءَ يُعْمِي وَيُصِمُّ  

Make intercession to me, you will be rewarded, for Allah decrees what he wishes by the tongue of his prophet.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اشْفَعُوا إِلَىَّ لِتُؤْجَرُوا وَلْيَقْضِ اللَّهُ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ مَا شَاءَ  

Make intercession, you will be rewarded, for I purposely delay a matter so that you intercede and then you are rewarded. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: If you make intercession, you will be rewarded.  

عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ اشْفَعُوا تُؤْجَرُوا فَإِنِّي لأُرِيدُ الأَمْرَ فَأُؤَخِّرُهُ كَيْمَا تَشْفَعُوا فَتُؤْجَرُوا فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ اشْفَعُوا تُؤْجَرُوا  

A similar tradition has also been transmitted by Abu Musa from the prophet (May peace be upon him) through a different chain of narrators.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ  

Some of the children of al-Ala' ibn al-Hadrami said: Al-Ala' ibn al-Hadrami was the governor of the Prophet ﷺ at al-Bahrayn, and when he wrote to him he began with his won name.  

أَنَّ الْعَلاَءَ بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ كَانَ عَامِلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى الْبَحْرَيْنِ فَكَانَ إِذَا كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ بَدَأَ بِنَفْسِهِ  

Al-Ala b. al-Hadrami wrote to the prophet (May peace be upon him), and he began with his name.  

أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَبَدَأَ بِاسْمِهِ  

The Prophet ﷺ wrote a letter to Heraclius: "From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to Hiraql (Heraclius), Chief of the Byzantines. Peace be to those who follow the guidance." Ibn Yahya reported on the authority of Ibn Abbas that AbuSufyan said to him: We then came to see Hiraql (Heraclius) who seated us before him. He then called for the letter from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Its contents were: "In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful, from Muhammad the Messenger of Allah, to Hiraql, chief of Byzantines. Peace be to those who follow the guidance. To proceed."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَتَبَ إِلَى هِرَقْلَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِلَى هِرَقْلَ عَظِيمِ الرُّومِ سَلاَمٌ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى قَالَ ابْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ فَدَخَلْنَا عَلَى هِرَقْلَ فَأَجْلَسَنَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِكِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا فِيهِ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِلَى هِرَقْلَ عَظِيمِ الرُّومِ سَلاَمٌ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى أَمَّا بَعْدُ  

A son does not repay what he owes to his father unless he buys him and emancipates him if he finds him in slavery.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ يَجْزِي وَلَدٌ وَالِدَهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَجِدَهُ مَمْلُوكًا فَيَشْتَرِيَهُ فَيُعْتِقَهُ  

A woman was my wife and I loved her, but Umar hated her. He said to me: Divorce her, but I refused. Umar then went to the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned that to him. The Prophet ﷺ said: Divorce her.  

كَانَتْ تَحْتِي امْرَأَةٌ وَكُنْتُ أُحِبُّهَا وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَكْرَهُهَا فَقَالَ لِي طَلِّقْهَا فَأَبَيْتُ فَأَتَى عُمَرُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ طَلِّقْهَا  

I said: Messenger of Allah! to whom should I show kindness? He replied: Your mother, next your mother, next your mother, and then comes your father, and then your relatives in order of relationship. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: If a man asks his slave whom he freed for giving him property which is surplus with him and he refuses to give it to him, the surplus property which he refused to give will be called on the Day of resurrection as a large bald snake. Abu Dawud said: Aqra' means a snake whose hair of the head were removed on account of poison.  

قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَنْ أَبَرُّ قَالَ أُمَّكَ ثُمَّ أُمَّكَ ثُمَّ أُمَّكَ ثُمَّ أَبَاكَ ثُمَّ الأَقْرَبَ فَالأَقْرَبَ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ يَسْأَلُ رَجُلٌ مَوْلاَهُ مِنْ فَضْلٍ هُوَ عِنْدَهُ فَيَمْنَعُهُ إِيَّاهُ إِلاَّ دُعِيَ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَضْلُهُ الَّذِي مَنَعَهُ شُجَاعًا أَقْرَعَ  

Messenger of Allah! to whom should I show kindness? He said: Your mother, your sister, your brother and the slave whom you set free and who is your relative, a due binding (on you), and a tie of relationship which should be joined.  

أَنَّهُ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَنْ أَبَرُّ قَالَ أُمَّكَ وَأَبَاكَ وَأُخْتَكَ وَأَخَاكَ وَمَوْلاَكَ الَّذِي يَلِي ذَاكَ حَقٌّ وَاجِبٌ وَرَحِمٌ مَوْصُولَةٌ  

A man’s reviling of his parents is one of the grave sins. He was asked : Messenger of Allah! How does a man revile his parents? He replied: He reviles the father of a man who then reviles his father, and he reviles a man’s mother and he reviles his.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّ مِنْ أَكْبَرِ الْكَبَائِرِ أَنْ يَلْعَنَ الرَّجُلُ وَالِدَيْهِ قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ يَلْعَنُ الرَّجُلُ وَالِدَيْهِ قَالَ يَلْعَنُ أَبَا الرَّجُلِ فَيَلْعَنُ أَبَاهُ وَيَلْعَنُ أُمَّهُ فَيَلْعَنُ أُمَّهُ  

While we were with the Messenger of Allah! ﷺ a man of Banu Salmah came to Him and said: Messenger of Allah is there any kindness left that I can do to my parents after their death? He replied: Yes, you can invoke blessings on them, forgiveness for them, carry out their final instructions after their death, join ties of relationship which are dependent on them, and honour their friends.  

بَيْنَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي سَلِمَةَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ بَقِيَ مِنْ بِرِّ أَبَوَىَّ شَىْءٌ أَبَرُّهُمَا بِهِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِمَا قَالَ نَعَمِ الصَّلاَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا وَالاِسْتِغْفَارُ لَهُمَا وَإِنْفَاذُ عَهْدِهِمَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمَا وَصِلَةُ الرَّحِمِ الَّتِي لاَ تُوصَلُ إِلاَّ بِهِمَا وَإِكْرَامُ صَدِيقِهِمَا  

One of the finest acts of kindness is for a man to treat his father’s friends in a kindly way after he has departed.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّ أَبَرَّ الْبِرِّ صِلَةُ الْمَرْءِ أَهْلَ وُدِّ أَبِيهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُوَلِّيَ  

I saw the Prophet ﷺ distributing flesh at Ji'irranah, and I was a boy in those days bearing the bone of the camel, and when a woman who came forward approach the Prophet ﷺ, he spread out his cloak for her, and she sat on it. I asked: Who is she? The people said: She is his foster-mother.  

أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقْسِمُ لَحْمًا بِالْجِعِرَّانَةِ قَالَ أَبُو الطُّفَيْلِ وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ غُلاَمٌ أَحْمِلُ عَظْمَ الْجَزُورِ إِذْ أَقْبَلَتِ امْرَأَةٌ حَتَّى دَنَتْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَبَسَطَ لَهَا رِدَاءَهُ فَجَلَسَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ هِيَ فَقَالُوا هَذِهِ أُمُّهُ الَّتِي أَرْضَعَتْهُ  

One day when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting, his foster-father came forward. He spread out of a part of his garment and he sit on it. Then his mother came forward to him and he spread out the other side of his garment and she sat on it. Again , his foster-brother came forward. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood for him and seated him before himself.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ جَالِسًا يَوْمًا فَأَقْبَلَ أَبُوهُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ فَوَضَعَ لَهُ بَعْضَ ثَوْبِهِ فَقَعَدَ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَتْ أُمُّهُ فَوَضَعَ لَهَا شِقَّ ثَوْبِهِ مِنْ جَانِبِهِ الآخَرِ فَجَلَسَتْ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ أَخُوهُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ فَقَامَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَجْلَسَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: If anyone has a female child, and does not bury her alive, or slight her, or prefer his children (i.e. the male ones) to her, Allah will bring him into Paradise. Uthman did not mention "male children".  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُنْثَى فَلَمْ يَئِدْهَا وَلَمْ يُهِنْهَا وَلَمْ يُؤْثِرْ وَلَدَهُ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ يَعْنِي الذُّكُورَ أَدْخَلَهُ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ عُثْمَانُ يَعْنِي الذُّكُورَ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: If anyone cares for three daughters, disciplines them, marries them, and does good to them, he will go to Paradise.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ عَالَ ثَلاَثَ بَنَاتٍ فَأَدَّبَهُنَّ وَزَوَّجَهُنَّ وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِنَّ فَلَهُ الْجَنَّةُ  

“three sisters, or three daughter, or two daughter, or two sisters”.  

ثَلاَثُ أَخَوَاتٍ أَوْ ثَلاَثُ بَنَاتٍ أَوْ بِنْتَانِ أَوْ أُخْتَانِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: I and a woman whose cheeks have become black shall on the Day of Resurrection be like these two (pointing to the middle and forefinger), i.e. a woman of rank and beauty who has been bereft of her husband and devotes herself to her fatherless children till they go their separate ways or die.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَا وَامْرَأَةٌ سَفْعَاءُ الْخَدَّيْنِ كَهَاتَيْنِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَأَوْمَأَ يَزِيدُ بِالْوُسْطَى وَالسَّبَّابَةِ امْرَأَةٌ آمَتْ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا ذَاتُ مَنْصِبٍ وَجَمَالٍ حَبَسَتْ نَفْسَهَا عَلَى يَتَامَاهَا حَتَّى بَانُوا أَوْ مَاتُوا  

Sahl (b. Sa’d) reported the prophet (May peace be upon him) as saying; I and the one who takes the responsibility of an orphan will be in Paradise thus, and he joined his middle finger and forefinger.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ أَنَا وَكَافِلُ الْيَتِيمِ كَهَاتَيْنِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَقَرَنَ بَيْنَ أُصْبُعَيْهِ الْوُسْطَى وَالَّتِي تَلِي الإِبْهَامَ  

Gabriel kept on commending the neighbor to me so that I thought he would make him an heir.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَا زَالَ جِبْرِيلُ يُوصِينِي بِالْجَارِ حَتَّى قُلْتُ لَيُوَرِّثَنَّهُ  

Mujahid said that Abdullah ibn Amr slaughtered a sheep and said: Have you presented a gift from it to my neighbour, the Jew, for I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: Gabriel kept on commending the neighbour to me so that I thought he would make an heir?  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَا زَالَ جِبْرِيلُ يُوصِينِي بِالْجَارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيُوَرِّثُهُ  

A man came to the prophet (May peace be upon him) complaining against his neighbor. He said: go and have patience. He again came to him twice or thrice. He then said : Go and throw your property in the way. So he threw his property in the way and the people began to ask him and he would tell them about him. The people then began to curse him; may Allah do with him so and so! Then his neighbor came to him and said: Return, you will not see from me anything which you dislike.  

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَشْكُو جَارَهُ فَقَالَ اذْهَبْ فَاصْبِرْ فَأَتَاهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلاَثًا فَقَالَ اذْهَبْ فَاطْرَحْ مَتَاعَكَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَطَرَحَ مَتَاعَهُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ يَسْأَلُونَهُ فَيُخْبِرُهُمْ خَبَرَهُ فَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ يَلْعَنُونَهُ فَعَلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَفَعَلَ وَفَعَلَ فَجَاءَ إِلَيْهِ جَارُهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ ارْجِعْ لاَ تَرَى مِنِّي شَيْئًا تَكْرَهُهُ  

He who believes in Allah and in the last day should honour his guest; he who believes in Allah and in the last day should not harm his neighbor; he who believes in Allah and in the last day should speak good or keep silence.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ ضَيْفَهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ فَلاَ يُؤْذِ جَارَهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ فَلْيَقُلْ خَيْرًا أَوْ لِيَصْمُتْ  

I asked : apostle of Allah! I have two neighbors. With which of them should I begin? He replied: Begin with the one whose door is nearer to you. Abu Dawud said: Shu’bah said this tradition : Talhah is a man of the Quraish.  

قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لِي جَارَيْنِ بِأَيِّهِمَا أَبْدَأُ قَالَ بِأَدْنَاهُمَا بَابًا  

The last words which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ spoke were: Prayer, prayer; fear Allah about those whom your right hands possess.  

كَانَ آخِرُ كَلاَمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الصَّلاَةَ الصَّلاَةَ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ فِيمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ  

I saw Abu Dharr at Rabadhah. He was wearing a thick cloak, and his slave also wore a similar one. He said : the people said: Abu Dharr! (it would be better) if you could take the cloak which your slave wore, and you combined that with, and it would be a pair of garments (hullah) and you would clothe him with another garment. He said: Abu Dharr said : I abused a man whose mother was a non-Arab and I reviled him for his mother. He complained against me to the apostle of allah (May peace be upon him). He said: Abu Dharr! You are a man who has a characteristic of pre-Islamic days. He said: they are your brethren; Allah has given you superiority over them; sell those who do not please you and do not punish Allah’s creatures.  

رَأَيْتُ أَبَا ذَرٍّ بِالرَّبَذَةِ وَعَلَيْهِ بُرْدٌ غَلِيظٌ وَعَلَى غُلاَمِهِ مِثْلُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ لَوْ كُنْتَ أَخَذْتَ الَّذِي عَلَى غُلاَمِكَ فَجَعَلْتَهُ مَعَ هَذَا فَكَانَتْ حُلَّةً وَكَسَوْتَ غُلاَمَكَ ثَوْبًا غَيْرَهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ إِنِّي كُنْتُ سَابَبْتُ رَجُلاً وَكَانَتْ أُمُّهُ أَعْجَمِيَّةً فَعَيَّرْتُهُ بِأُمِّهِ فَشَكَانِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ إِنَّكَ امْرُؤٌ فِيكَ جَاهِلِيَّةٌ قَالَ إِنَّهُمْ إِخْوَانُكُمْ فَضَّلَكُمُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَمَنْ لَمْ يُلاَئِمْكُمْ فَبِيعُوهُ وَلاَ تُعَذِّبُوا خَلْقَ اللَّهِ  

We called on Abu Dharr at al-Rabadhah. He wore a cloak and his slave also wore a similar one. We said; Abu Dharr! If you took the cloak of your slave and combined it with your cloak, so that it could be a part of garments (hullah) and clothed him in another garment, (it would be better). He said; I heard the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) say; They are your brethren. Allah has put them under your authority; so he who has his brother under his authority must feed him from what he eats and clothe him with what he wears, and not impose on him work which is too much for him, but if he does so, he must help him. Abu Dawud said: Ibn Numair transmitted it from al-A'mash in a similar way.  

دَخَلْنَا عَلَى أَبِي ذَرٍّ بِالرَّبَذَةِ فَإِذَا عَلَيْهِ بُرْدٌ وَعَلَى غُلاَمِهِ مِثْلُهُ فَقُلْنَا يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ لَوْ أَخَذْتَ بُرْدَ غُلاَمِكَ إِلَى بُرْدِكَ فَكَانَتْ حُلَّةً وَكَسَوْتَهُ ثَوْبًا غَيْرَهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِخْوَانُكُمْ جَعَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَحْتَ أَيْدِيكُمْ فَمَنْ كَانَ أَخُوهُ تَحْتَ يَدَيْهِ فَلْيُطْعِمْهُ مِمَّا يَأْكُلُ وَلْيَكْسُهُ مِمَّا يَلْبَسُ وَلاَ يُكَلِّفْهُ مَا يَغْلِبُهُ فَإِنْ كَلَّفَهُ مَا يَغْلِبُهُ فَلْيُعِنْهُ  

when I was beating a servant of mine, I heard a voice behind me saying: know, Abu Mas’ud-Ibn al-Muthanna said: “twice”-that Allah has more power over you than you have over him. I turned round and saw that it was that it was the prophet (May peace be upon him). I said : Messenger of Allah! He is free for Allah’s sake. He said : If you had not done it, fire would have burned you or the fire would have touched you.  

فَسَمِعْتُ مِنْ خَلْفِي صَوْتًا اعْلَمْ أَبَا مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُثَنَّى مَرَّتَيْنِ لَلَّهُ أَقْدَرُ عَلَيْكَ مِنْكَ عَلَيْهِ فَالْتَفَتُّ فَإِذَا هُوَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هُوَ حُرٌّ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ قَالَ أَمَا إِنَّكَ لَوْ لَمْ تَفْعَلْ لَلَفَعَتْكَ النَّارُ أَوْ لَمَسَّتْكَ النَّارُ  

The tradition mentioned above has also been transmitted by al-A’mash in a similar way to same way to the same effect through a different chain of narrators.  

كُنْتُ أَضْرِبُ غُلاَمًا لِي أَسْوَدَ بِالسَّوْطِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَمْرَ الْعِتْقِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: Feed those of your slaves who please you from what you eat and clothe them with what you clothe yourselves, but sell those who do not please you and do not punish Allah's creatures.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ لاَءَمَكُمْ مِنْ مَمْلُوكِيكُمْ فَأَطْعِمُوهُ مِمَّا تَأْكُلُونَ وَاكْسُوهُ مِمَّا تَكْتَسُونَ وَمَنْ لَمْ يُلاَئِمْكُمْ مِنْهُمْ فَبِيعُوهُ وَلاَ تُعَذِّبُوا خَلْقَ اللَّهِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: Treating those under one's authority will produce prosperity, but an evil nature produces evil fortune.  

عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ مَكِيثٍ وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ حُسْنُ الْمَلَكَةِ نَمَاءٌ وَسُوءُ الْخُلُقِ شُؤْمٌ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Treating those under one's authority well produces prosperity, but an evil nature produces evil fortune.  

عَنْ عَمِّهِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ رَافِعِ بْنِ مَكِيثٍ وَكَانَ رَافِعٌ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ قَدْ شَهِدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ حُسْنُ الْمَلَكَةِ نَمَاءٌ وَسُوءُ الْخُلُقِ شُؤْمٌ  

A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and asked: Messenger of Allah! how often shall I forgive a servant? He gave no reply, so the man repeated what he had said, but he still kept silence. When he asked a third time, he replied: Forgive him seventy times daily.  

سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو يَقُولُ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَمْ نَعْفُو عَنِ الْخَادِمِ فَصَمَتَ ثُمَّ أَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ الْكَلاَمَ فَصَمَتَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ قَالَ اعْفُوا عَنْهُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً  

Abu al-Qasim, the Prophet of Atonement ﷺ said to me: If anyone reviles his slave when he is innocent of what he said, he will be beaten on the Day of Resurrection. The transmitter Mu'ammal said: 'Isa narrated it to us from al-Fudial, that is, Ibn Ghazwan.  

حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ نَبِيُّ التَّوْبَةِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ قَذَفَ مَمْلُوكَهُ وَهُوَ بَرِيءٌ مِمَّا قَالَ جُلِدَ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ حَدًّا قَالَ مُؤَمَّلٌ حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ غَزْوَانَ  

We were staying in the house of Suwaid b. Muqarrin. There was among us an old man who was hot-tempered. He had a slave-girl with him. He gave a slap on her face. I never saw Suwaid more angry than on that day. He said: there is no alternative for you except to free her. I was the seventh child in order of Muqarrin and we had only a female servant. The youngest of us gave a slap on her face. The prophet (May peace be upon him) commanded us to set her free.  

عَجَزَ عَلَيْكَ إِلاَّ حُرُّ وَجْهِهَا لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنَا سَابِعَ سَبْعَةٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ مُقَرِّنٍ وَمَا لَنَا إِلاَّ خَادِمٌ فَلَطَمَ أَصْغَرُنَا وَجْهَهَا فَأَمَرَنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِعِتْقِهَا  

I slapped a freed slave of ours. My father called him and me and said: Take retaliation on him. We, the people of Banu Muqarrin, were seven during the time of the Prophet ﷺ,and we had only a female servant. A man of us slapped her. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Set her free. They said: We have no other servant than her. He said: She must serve them till they become well off. When they become well off, they should set her free.  

لَطَمْتُ مَوْلًى لَنَا فَدَعَاهُ أَبِي وَدَعَانِي فَقَالَ اقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّا مَعْشَرَ بَنِي مُقَرِّنٍ كُنَّا سَبْعَةً عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَيْسَ لَنَا إِلاَّ خَادِمٌ فَلَطَمَهَا رَجُلٌ مِنَّا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْتِقُوهَا قَالُوا إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَنَا خَادِمٌ غَيْرَهَا قَالَ فَلْتَخْدُمْهُمْ حَتَّى يَسْتَغْنُوا فَإِذَا اسْتَغْنَوْا فَلْيُعْتِقُوهَا  

I came to Ibn ‘Umar when he set his slave free. He took a stick or something else from the earth and said; for me there is no reward even equivalent to this. I heard the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) say: If anyone slaps or beats his slave the atonement due from him is to set him free.  

مَا لِي فِيهِ مِنَ الأَجْرِ مَا يَسْوَى هَذَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ لَطَمَ مَمْلُوكَهُ أَوْ ضَرَبَهُ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ  

when a slave acts sincerely towards his master and worship Allah well, he will have a double reward.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا نَصَحَ لِسَيِّدِهِ وَأَحْسَنَ عِبَادَةَ اللَّهِ فَلَهُ أَجْرُهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: If anyone corrupts (instigates) the wife of a man or his slave (against him), he is not from us.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ خَبَّبَ زَوْجَةَ امْرِئٍ أَوْ مَمْلُوكَهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا  

A man peeped into some of the apartment of the prophet (May peace be upon him). The prophet (May peace be upon him) got up taking an arrowhead or arrowheads. He said: I can still picture myself looking at the Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him) when he was exploring to pierce him.  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً اطَّلَعَ مِنْ بَعْضِ حُجَرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمِشْقَصٍ أَوْ مَشَاقِصَ قَالَ فَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْتِلُهُ لِيَطْعُنَهُ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: If anyone peeps into the house of a people without their permission and he knocks out his eye, no responsibility is incurred for his eye.  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنِ اطَّلَعَ فِي دَارِ قَوْمٍ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِمْ فَفَقَأُوا عَيْنَهُ فَقَدْ هَدَرَتْ عَيْنُهُ