21. Sūrat al-Anbiyāʾ

٢١۔ سُورَةُ الأنبيَاء

21.15 God blessed prophets David and Solomon with wisdom, knowledge and kingdoms.

٢١۔١٥ مقطع في سُورَةُ الأنبيَاء

quran:21:78

And ˹mention˺ David and Solomon, when they judged concerning the field - when the sheep of a people overran it ˹at night˺, and We were witness to their judgement.  

And, mention, David and Solomon, that is, ˹mention˺ their story (Dāwūda wa-Sulaymāna is substituted by ˹the following, idh yahkumāni …˺) when they gave judgement concerning the tillage, a field of crops or a vineyard, when the sheep of a ˹certain˺ people strayed into it, that is, ˹when these sheep˺ grazed there at night, but without a shepherd, because they had escaped; and We were witnesses to their judgement (lihukmihim shāhidīna: here the plural person is being used in the case of a dual). David decreed: to the owner of the tillage belong the head of the sheep. Solomon decreed: he shall benefit from ˹the use of˺ their milk, offspring and wool until such time as the tillage is restored to its original state at the hands of the owner ˹of the sheep˺, after which he ˹the owner of the tillage˺ should return them ˹the sheep˺ to him ˹their owner˺.
القرآن:٢١:٧٨

وَدَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَاهِدِينَ  

{و} اذكر {داود وسليمان} أي قصتهما ويبدل منهما {إذ يحكمان في الحرث} هو زرع أو كرم {إذ نفشت فيه غنم القوم} أي رعته ليلاً بلا راع بأن انفلتت {وكنا لحكمهم شاهدين} فيه استعمال ضمير الجمع لاثنين، قال داود لصاحب الحرث رقاب الغنم، وقال سليمان: ينتفع بدرها ونسلها وصوفها إلى أن يعود الحرث كما كان بإصلاح صاحبها فيردها إليه.
quran:21:79

And We gave understanding of the case to Solomon, and to each ˹of them˺ We gave judgement and knowledge. And We subjected the mountains to exalt ˹Us˺, along with David and ˹also˺ the birds. And We were doing ˹that˺.  

And We gave understanding of this, that is, the judgement, to Solomon. ˹It is said that˺ both of their decisions were ˹the result of˺ independent judgement ˹exercised by both˺, and that David consulted Solomon; but it is also said ˹that their decisions were˺ by way of inspiration ˹from God˺ — the second ˹decision˺ abrogated the first. And to each, of the twain, We gave judgement, prophethood, and knowledge, in matters of religion. And We disposed the mountains to glorify ˹God˺ with David, and the birds also, were disposed to glorify ˹God˺ with him, for he ˹David˺ had commanded such ˹glorification on their part˺, so that whenever there was a lapse ˹on his part˺, he would ˹be reminded to˺ apply himself to the task ˹of glorifying God˺ promptly. And We were ˹certainly˺ doers, of this disposing of them to glorify ˹God˺ along with him, even if it should amaze you, that they should ˹be able to˺ respond to the lord David.
القرآن:٢١:٧٩

فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ ۚ وَكُلًّا آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا ۚ وَسَخَّرْنَا مَعَ دَاوُودَ الْجِبَالَ يُسَبِّحْنَ وَالطَّيْرَ ۚ وَكُنَّا فَاعِلِينَ  

{ففهمناها} أي الحكومة {سليمان} وحكمهما باجتهاد ورجع داود إلى سليمان وقيل بوحي والثاني ناسخ للأول {وكلا} منهما {آتينا} ه {حكماً} نبوة {وعلماً} بأمور الدين {وسخرنا مع داود الجبال يسبحن والطير} كذلك سخرا للتسبيح معه لأمره به إذا وجد فترة لينشط له {وكنا فاعلين} تسخير تسبيحهما معه، وإن كان عجباً عندكم: أي مجاوبته للسيد داود.
quran:21:80

And We taught him the fashioning of coats of armor to protect you from your ˹enemy in˺ battle. So will you then be grateful?  

And We taught him the art of making garments, namely, coats of mail — ˹which are called labūs˺ because they are worn (tulbas). He was the first ˹human being˺ to make them; hitherto there were ˹only˺ plates ˹of armour˺ — for you, as well as all mankind, to protect you (read nuhsinakum, ˹the subject being˺ ‘God’; or yuhsinakum, ˹the subject being˺ ‘David’; or tuhsinakum, ˹the subject being˺ ‘garments’) against your ˹mutual˺ violence, your wars against your enemies. Will you then, O people of Mecca, be thankful?, for My favours, by believing in the Messenger — in other words, be thankful to Me by ˹doing˺ this.
القرآن:٢١:٨٠

وَعَلَّمْنَاهُ صَنْعَةَ لَبُوسٍ لَكُمْ لِتُحْصِنَكُمْ مِنْ بَأْسِكُمْ ۖ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ شَاكِرُونَ  

{وعلمناه صنعة لَبُوس} وهي الدرع لأنها تلبس، وهو أول من صنعها وكان قبلها صفائح {لكم} في جملة الناس {لنحصنكم} بالنون لله وبالتحتانية لداود وبالفوقانية للبوس {من بأسكم} حربكم مع أعدائكم {فهل أنتم} يا أهل مكة {شاكرون} نعمتي بتصديق الرسول: أي اشكروني بذلك.
quran:21:81

And to Solomon ˹We subjected˺ the wind, blowing forcefully, proceeding by his command toward the land which We had blessed. And We are ever, of all things, Knowing.  

And, We disposed, for Solomon the wind to blow strongly — in another verse it is ˹described as being˺ rukhā’an, ‘to blow softly’ ˹Q. 38:36˺; in other words, ˹it is either˺ blowing violently or gently ˹respectively˺, according to what he ˹Solomon˺ wanted — making its way, at his command, to the land which We have blessed, namely, Syria; and We have knowledge of all things, among them the fact that God, exalted be He, knew that what He gave to Solomon would prompt him to be subservient to his Lord, and so God did this in accordance with His knowledge.
القرآن:٢١:٨١

وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ عَاصِفَةً تَجْرِي بِأَمْرِهِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي بَارَكْنَا فِيهَا ۚ وَكُنَّا بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَالِمِينَ  

{و} سخرنا {لسليمان الريح عاصفة} وفي آية أخرى: رخاء، أي شديدة الهبوب وخفيفته حسب إرادته {تجري بأمره إلى الأرض التي باركنا فيها} وهي الشام {وكنا بكل شيء عالمين} من ذلك علم الله تعالى بأن ما يعطيه سليمان يدعوه إلى الخضوع لربه ففعله تعالى على مقتضى علمه.
quran:21:82

And of the devils were those who dived for him and did work other than that. And We were of them a guardian.  

And, We disposed, of the devils some that dived for him, plunging into the sea and bringing out of it jewels for Solomon, and performed tasks other than that, that is, other than diving, such as building and otherwise. And We were watchful over them, lest they should spoil what they had made, for whenever they completed a task before nightfall, they would ˹invariably˺ spoil it, unless they were occupied with some other ˹task˺.
القرآن:٢١:٨٢

وَمِنَ الشَّيَاطِينِ مَنْ يَغُوصُونَ لَهُ وَيَعْمَلُونَ عَمَلًا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ وَكُنَّا لَهُمْ حَافِظِينَ  

{و} سخرنا {من الشياطين من يغوصون له} يدخلون في البحر فيُخرجون منه الجواهر لسليمان {ويعلمون عملاً دون ذلك} أي سوى الغوص من البناء وغيره {وكنا لهم حافظين} من أن يُفسدوا ما عملوا، لأنهم كانوا إذا فرغوا من عمل قبل الليل أفسدوه إن لم يشتغلوا بغيره.