[Machine] "That I fight those who fight me, and I combat those who combat me. Indeed, they call me to fight the people of Sham. He said, 'Ransom yourself with your wealth.' I said, 'Indeed, they refuse except that I fight alongside them.' He said, 'A man informed me, and by Allah he did not lie to me, that the Prophet ﷺ said, 'On the Day of Judgment, the servant will come while being attached to a man, and he will say, 'O Lord, this man killed me.' Allah will say, 'Did you kill him on account of the wealth of so-and-so?' He will say, 'I killed him for the sake of Fulan's sovereignty.'"  

أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ مَنْ قَاتَلَ وَأُحَارِبَ مَنْ حَارَبَ وَإِنَّهُ يَدْعُونِي إِلَى قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ قَالَ افْتَدِهِ بِمَالِكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ إِنَّهُمْ أَبَوْا إِلَّا أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ مَعَهُمْ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ وَاللهِ مَا كَذَبَنِي أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ يَجِيءُ الْعَبْدُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَقَدْ تَعَلَّقَ بِالرَّجُلِ فَيَقُولُ أَيْ رَبِّ قَتَلَنِي هَذَا قَالَ فَيَقُولُ اللهُ ﷻ عَلَى مَا قَتَلْتَ هَذَا؟ فَيَقُولُ قَتَلْتُهُ عَلَى مُلْكِ فُلَانٍ  

[Machine] We sent the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on a military expedition to Al-Hurqat. The enemy noticed us and fled, but we caught one of their men. When we covered him, he said, "There is no god but Allah." However, we still killed him. I felt doubtful about this incident, so I mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . He asked, "Who will testify for you on the Day of Judgment that there is no god but Allah?" I replied, "O Messenger of Allah, he only said it out of fear of the sword and death." The Prophet ﷺ asked, "Why didn't you tear open his heart to make sure?" I said, "Was it necessary for me to do that, O Messenger of Allah?" He asked, "Did you ever hear him say it for any other reason?" I replied, "No, by Allah. He kept repeating it until I wished I had never embraced Islam before that day." Abu Thubyan said, "I swear by Allah, I will not kill him until he is killed by Usama, who is called Dhu-l-Batayn." A man asked, "Didn't Allah say, 'Fight them until there is no more fitnah'?" Saad replied, "We have fought them until there is no more fitnah, and now you and your companions want us to continue fighting until there is fitnah again?"  

بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَرِيَّةً إِلَى الْحُرَقَاتِ فَنَذَرُوا وَهَرَبُوا فَأَدْرَكْنَا رَجُلًا فَلَمَّا غَشِينَاهُ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَضَرَبْنَاهُ حَتَّى قَتَلْنَاهُ فَعَرَضَ فِي نَفْسِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ فَذَكَرْتُهُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَنْ لَكَ بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ؟ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّمَا قَالَهَا مَخَافَةَ السِّلَاحِ وَالْقَتْلِ قَالَ أَفَلَا شَقَقْتَ عَنْ قَلْبِهِ حَتَّى تَعْلَمَ قَالَهَا مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ أَمْ لَا؟ مَنْ لَكَ بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ؟ قَالَ فَمَا زَالَ يَقُولُ حَتَّى وَدِدْتُ أَنِّي لَمْ أُسْلِمْ إِلَّا يَوْمَئِذٍ قَالَ أَبُو ظَبْيَانَ قَالَ سَعْدٌ وَأَنَا وَاللهِ لَا أَقْتُلُهُ حَتَّى يَقْتُلَهُ ذُو الْبُطَيْنِ يَعْنِي أُسَامَةَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ أَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ اللهُ {قَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ} [البقرة 193]؟ قَالَ سَعْدٌ فَقَدْ قَاتَلْنَاهُمْ حَتَّى لَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ وَأَنْتَ وَأَصْحَابُكَ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ نُقَاتِلَ حَتَّى تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ  

[Machine] Two men came to him during the turmoil of Ibn Zubayr and said to him, "People have done what you see, and you are Ibn Umar bin Khattab, the companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so what prevents you from going out?" He said, "What prevents me is that Allah has forbidden me to shed the blood of my Muslim brother." They said, "Didn't Allah say, 'And fight them until there is no more Fitnah (disbelief, polytheism: i.e. worshipping others besides Allah) and the religion (worship) will all be for Allah Alone? [Surah Al-Anfal, 39]'." He said, "We have already fought until there is no more Fitnah and the religion is for Allah, but you want us to fight until there is Fitnah and the religion is for other than Allah?"  

أَنَّهُ أَتَاهُ رَجُلَانِ فِي فِتْنَةِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَا إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ صَنَعُوا مَا تَرَى وَأَنْتَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ؟ قَالَ يَمْنَعُنِي أَنَّ اللهَ حَرَّمَ عَلَيَّ دَمَ أَخِي الْمُسْلِمِ قَالَ أَوَ لَمْ يَقُلِ اللهُ ﷻ {وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ كُلُّهُ لِلَّهِ} [الأنفال 39]؟ قَالَ فَقَدْ قَاتَلْنَا حَتَّى لَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ وَكَانَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ وَأَنْتُمْ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ نُقَاتِلَ حَتَّى تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِغَيْرِ اللهِ  

That a man came to him (while two groups of Muslims were fighting) and said, "O Abu ʿAbdur Rahman! Don't you hear what Allah has mentioned in His Book: 'And if two groups of believers fight against each other...' (49.9) So what prevents you from fighting as Allah has mentioned in His Book?"' Ibn ʿUmar said, "O son of my brother! I would rather be blamed for not fighting because of this Verse than to be blamed because of another Verse where Allah says: 'And whoever kills a believer intentionally..." (4.93) Then that man said, "Allah says:-- 'And fight them until there is no more afflictions (worshipping other besides Allah) and the religion (i.e. worship) will be all for Allah (Alone)" (8.39) Ibn ʿUmar said, "We did this during the lifetime of Messenger of Allah ﷺ when the number of Muslims was small, and a man was put to trial because of his religion, the pagans would either kill or chain him; but when the Muslims increased (and Islam spread), there was no persecution." When that man saw that Ibn ʿUmar did not agree to his proposal, he said, "What is your opinion regarding ʿAli and ʿUthman?" Ibn ʿUmar said, "What is my opinion regarding ʿAli and ʿUthman? As for ʿUthman, Allah forgave him and you disliked to forgive him, and ʿAli is the cousin and son-in-law of Messenger of Allah ﷺ ." Then he pointed out with his hand and said, "And that is his daughter's (house) which you can see." (Using translation from Bukhārī 4650)   

ذَكَرَ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ {وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا} [الحجرات 9] فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلَ كَمَا ذَكَرَ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ؟ فَقَالَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي أَعْبُرُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَلَا أُقَاتِلُ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَعْبُرَ بِالْآيَةِ الَّتِي قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ قَبْلَهَا {وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ} [النساء 93] الْآيَةَ قَالَ فَإِنَّ اللهَ قَالَ {قَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ} [البقرة 193] قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ قَدْ فَعَلْنَاهُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِذْ كَانَ الْإِسْلَامُ قَلِيلًا وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُفْتَنُ عَنْ دِينِهِ أَمَّا أَنْ يَقْتُلُوهُ أَوْ يُوْثِقُوهُ حَتَّى ظَهَرَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ؟ فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُوَافِقُهُ فِيمَا يُرِيدُ قَالَ فَمَا قَوْلُكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعُثْمَانَ ؓ ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ أَمَّا عُثْمَانُ فَقَدْ عَفَا اللهُ عَنْهُ فَكَرِهْتُمْ أَنْ تَعْفُوا عَنْهُ وَأَمَّا عَلِيٌّ فَابْنُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَخَتَنُهُ وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ فَقَالَ هَذَا بَيْتُهُ حَيْثُ تَرَوْنَ  

[Machine] "O Abu Abdullah, how do you view fighting in times of turmoil?" He said, "Do you know that turmoil would harm you, O Mother of yours? Muhammad ﷺ used to fight the polytheists, and entering into them or into their religion was a test, but it was not for the purpose of you fighting for power."  

يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ كَيْفَ تَرَى فِي الْقِتَالِ فِي الْفِتْنَةِ؟ قَالَ هَلْ تَدْرِي الْفِتْنَةَ ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّكَ؟ كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ يُقَاتِلُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَكَانَ الدُّخُولُ فِيهِمْ أَوْ قَالَ فِي دِينِهِمْ فِتْنَةٌ وَلَيْسَ بِقِتَالِكُمْ عَلَى الْمُلْكِ  

[Machine] One of them said to his companion, "Do you think there will still be someone better than this?" Then he said to a man, "Call him for us when he finishes his circumambulation." So when he finished his circumambulation and performed two units of prayer, their messenger came to them and said, "This is Abdullah ibn Zubayr and Abdullah ibn Safwan calling you." So he went to them, and Abdullah ibn Safwan said, "O Abu Abdur-Rahman, what prevents you from pledging allegiance to the Commander of the Faithful, meaning ibn Zubayr? The people of Al-Arood and the people of Iraq have already pledged allegiance to him, as well as the majority of the people of Sham (Greater Syria)." He replied, "By Allah, I will not pledge allegiance to you while you are wearing your swords on your shoulders, dripping with the blood of Muslims."  

أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ أَتُرَاهُ بَقِيَ أَحَدٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ ادْعُهُ لَنَا إِذَا قَضَى طَوَافَهُ فَلَمَّا قَضَى طَوَافَهُ وَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ أَتَاهُ رَسُولُهُمَا فَقَالَ هَذَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَفْوَانَ يَدْعُوانِكَ فَجَاءَ إِلَيْهِمَا فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَفْوَانَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تُبَايِعَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَعْنِي ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَدْ بَايَعَ لَهُ أَهْلُ الْعَرُوضِ وَأَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ وَعَامَّةُ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ؟ فَقَالَ وَاللهِ لَا أُبَايِعُكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ وَاضِعُو سُيُوفِكُمْ عَلَى عَوَاتِقِكُمْ تَصَبَّبُ أَيْدِيكُمْ مِنْ دِمَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ  

[Machine] Wal-lahi ma kuntul-a'ti bay'ati fi furqatin wa la amna'uha min jamahatin.  

وَاللهِ مَا كُنْتُ لِأُعْطِيَ بَيْعَتِي فِي فُرْقَةٍ وَلَا أَمْنَعُهَا مِنْ جَمَاعَةٍ  

[Machine] I set off, O father of Barzah, to this man from the companions of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , to Abu Barzah Al-Aslami. He said, "So I set off with him until we entered his house, and there he was sitting in the shade of a high reed on a very hot day. So we sat with him, and my father began to offer him something to eat. He said, 'O Abu Barzah, don't you see?' He replied, and the first thing he said was that he said, 'I seek Allah's forgiveness that I have become angry with the people of Quraysh. Verily, you Arabs were in the state that you knew from your ignorance of poverty, humiliation, and misguidance. And indeed, Allah has granted you life through Islam and through Muhammad, ﷺ , until He has made you see what you see. And indeed, this worldly life which has corrupted you among yourselves. Indeed, that one in Sham, meaning Marwan, by Allah, he did not fight except for the sake of this worldly life. And indeed, that one in Makkah, by Allah, he did not fight except for the sake of this worldly life. And indeed, those around you, whom you call your readers, by Allah, they do not fight except for the sake of this worldly life.' He said, 'So when he did not leave anyone, my father said to him, 'So what do you command us then?' He said, 'Verily, I do not see the best of people today except a group wrapped up,' and he gestured with his hand the width of his stomach, 'from the people's wealth, the lightest in appearance and the heaviest in their blood.'"  

انْطَلِقْ لَا أَبَا لَكَ إِلَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَبِي بَرْزَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ فِي دَارِهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ قَاعِدٌ فِي ظِلِّ عُلُوٍ لَهُ مِنْ قَصَبٍ فِي يَوْمٍ حَارٍّ شَدِيدِ الْحَرِّ فَجَلَسْنَا إِلَيْهِ فَأَنْشَأَ أَبِي يَسْتَطْعِمُهُ قَالَ يَا أَبَا بَرْزَةَ أَلَا تَرَى؟ قَالَ فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ شَيْءٍ تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ أَنْ قَالَ إِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ عِنْدَ اللهِ أَنِّي أَصْبَحْتُ سَاخِطًا عَلَى أَحْيَاءِ قُرَيْشٍ إِنَّكُمْ مَعْشَرَ الْعَرِيبِ كُنْتُمْ عَلَى الْحَالِ الَّذِي قَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِي جَاهِلِيَّتِكُمْ مِنَ الْقِلَّةِ وَالذِّلَّةِ وَالضَّلَالَةِ وَإِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ نَعَشَكُمْ بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ حَتَّى بَلَغَ بِكُمْ مَا تَرَوْنَ وَإِنَّ هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا الَّتِي أَفْسَدَتْ بَيْنَكُمْ إِنَّ ذَاكَ الَّذِي بِالشَّامِ يَعْنِي مَرْوَانَ وَاللهِ مَا يُقَاتِلُ إِلَّا عَلَى الدُّنْيَا وَإِنَّ ذَاكَ الَّذِي بِمَكَّةَ وَاللهِ إِنْ يُقَاتِلُ إِلَّا عَلَى الدُّنْيَا وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ حَوْلَكُمُ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَهُمْ قُرَّاءَكُمْ وَاللهِ إِنْ يُقَاتِلُونَ إِلَّا عَلَى الدُّنْيَا قَالَ فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَدَعْ أَحَدًا قَالَ لَهُ أَبِي فَمَا تَأْمُرُنَا إِذًا؟ قَالَ إِنِّي لَا أَرَى خَيْرَ النَّاسِ الْيَوْمَ إِلَّا عِصَابَةٌ مُلَبَّدَةٌ وَقَالَ بِيَدِهِ خِمَاصُ الْبُطُونِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ خِفَافُ الظُّهُورِ مِنْ دِمَائِهِمْ  

[Machine] "That I should not fight anyone who says there is no god but Allah. If you come to me with protection from Hell, I will fight alongside you." He said, "Then leave us." So, he left while saying [Al-Bahru Al-Wafir], "I am not a fighter against a man who prays to a different ruler from Quraysh, for his rule is his, and I bear the sin for my ignorance and recklessness. Shall I kill a Muslim without reason? Then my life is not worth living."  

أَنْ لَا أُقَاتِلَ أَحَدًا يَقُولُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَإِنْ أَنْتَ جِئْتَنِي بِبَرَاءَةٍ مِنَ النَّارِ قَاتَلْتُ مَعَكَ قَالَ فَاخْرُجْ عَنَّا قَالَ فَخَرَجَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ [البحر الوافر] وَلَسْتُ بِقَاتِلٍ رَجُلًا يُصَلِّي عَلَى سُلْطَانٍ آخَرَ مِنْ قُرَيْشِ لَهُ سُلْطَانُهُ وَعَلَيَّ إِثْمِي مَعَاذَ اللهِ مِنْ جَهْلٍ وِطَيْشِ أَأَقْتُلُ مُسْلِمًا فِي غَيْرِ جُرْمٍ فَلَيْسَ بِنَافِعِي مَا عِشْتُ عَيْشِي  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: The protection of Muslims is one, which is sought by the least among them. So whoever harms a Muslim, upon him is the curse of Allah, the angels, and all people. Allah does not accept any expiation or compensation from him.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ذِمَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاحِدَةٌ يَسْعَى بِهَا أَدْنَاهُمْ فَمَنْ أَخْفَرَ مُسْلِمًا فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ لَا يَقْبَلُ اللهُ ﷻ مِنْهُ صَرْفًا وَلَا عَدْلًا  

[Machine] I entered with Ashtar to Ali ibn Abi Talib on the Day of the Camel, and I said, "Did the Messenger of Allah make a covenant with you separate from the general one?" He said, "No, except for this." Then he pulled out his sword from its sheath, and there were the believers on it, [promising that] their blood would be rewarded, their rights protected, and they would have authority over those other than them. A believer should not be killed by a disbeliever, nor should someone with a covenant be killed during his covenant.  

دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَالْأَشْتَرُ عَلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ فَقُلْتُ هَلْ عَهِدَ إِلَيْكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَهْدًا دُونَ الْعَامَّةِ؟ فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا هَذَا وَأَخْرَجَ مِنْ قِرَابِ سَيْفِهِ فَإِذَا فِيهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ تَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ يَسْعَى بِذِمَّتِهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ وَهُمْ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ وَلَا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ  

[Machine] If a woman was seeking refuge with the Muslims.  

إِنْ كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ لَتُجِيرُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, may ﷺ , said: "The slave is not given anything from the spoils of war, but is given from the leftover provisions and his trust is permissible." Umar ibn Hafs al-Makki is considered weak.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْعَبْدُ لَا يُعْطَى مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ شَيْئًا وَيُعْطَى مِنْ خُرْثِيِّ الْمَتَاعِ وَأَمَانُهُ جَائِزٌ عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ الْمَكِّيُّ ضَعِيفٌ  

[Machine] When we returned, one of the Muslim slaves was absent, so we wrote a guarantee for them on a paper and threw it to them. They said, "We wrote to Umar ibn al-Khattab." Umar wrote back, "The responsibility of the Muslim slave is their responsibility." So Umar approved their guarantee.  

فَلَمَّا رَجَعْنَا تَخَلَّفَ عَبْدٌ مِنْ عَبِيدِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَكَتَبَ لَهُمْ أَمَانًا فِي صَحِيفَةٍ فَرَمَاهُ إِلَيْهِمْ قَالَ فَكَتَبْنَا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِنَّ عَبْدَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ذِمَّتُهُ ذِمَّتُهُمْ فَأَجَازَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَمَانَهُ