who was one of the companions of Messenger of Allah ﷺ and one of the Ansar's who took part in the battle of Badr: I came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ I have weak eyesight and I lead my people in prayers. When it rains the water flows in the valley between me and my people so I cannot go to their mosque to lead them in prayer. O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! I wish you would come to my house and pray in it so that I could take that place as a Musalla. Messenger of Allah ﷺ said. "Allah willing, I will do so." Next day after the sun rose high, Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr came and Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked for permission to enter. I gave him permission and he did not sit on entering the house but said to me, "Where do you like me to pray?" I pointed to a place in my house. So Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood there and said, 'Allahu Akbar', and we all got up and aligned behind him and offered a two-rakʿat prayer and ended it with Taslim. We requested him to stay for a meal called "Khazira" which we had prepared for him. Many members of our family gathered in the house and one of them said, "Where is Malik bin Al-Dukhaishin or Ibn Al-Dukhshun?" One of them replied, "He is a hypocrite and does not love Allah and His Apostle." Hearing that, Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do not say so. Haven't you seen that he said, 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah' for Allah's sake only?" He said, "Allah and His Apostle know better. We have seen him helping and advising hypocrites." Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah has forbidden the (Hell) fire for those who say, 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah' for Allah's sake only."

أَنَّ عِتْبَانَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ وَهُوَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ أَنَّهُ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ أَنْكَرْتُ بَصَرِي وَأَنَا أُصَلِّي لِقَوْمِي فَإِذَا كَانَتِ الأَمْطَارُ سَالَ الْوَادِي الَّذِي بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ لَمْ أَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ آتِيَ مَسْجِدَهُمْ فَأُصَلِّيَ بِهِمْ وَوَدِدْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَّكَ تَأْتِينِي فَتُصَلِّيَ فِي بَيْتِي فَأَتَّخِذَهُ مُصَلًّى قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَأَفْعَلُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ قَالَ عِتْبَانُ فَغَدَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ حِينَ ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَذِنْتُ لَهُ فَلَمْ يَجْلِسْ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيْنَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ مِنْ بَيْتِكَ قَالَ فَأَشَرْتُ لَهُ إِلَى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَبَّرَ فَقُمْنَا فَصَفَّنَا فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ قَالَ وَحَبَسْنَاهُ عَلَى خَزِيرَةٍ صَنَعْنَاهَا لَهُ قَالَ فَثَابَ فِي الْبَيْتِ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الدَّارِ ذَوُو عَدَدٍ فَاجْتَمَعُوا فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَيْنَ مَالِكُ بْنُ الدُّخَيْشِنِ أَوِ ابْنُ الدُّخْشُنِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ ذَلِكَ مُنَافِقٌ لاَ يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ تَقُلْ ذَلِكَ أَلاَ تَرَاهُ قَدْ قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَإِنَّا نَرَى وَجْهَهُ وَنَصِيحَتَهُ إِلَى الْمُنَافِقِينَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ حَرَّمَ عَلَى النَّارِ مَنْ قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ يَبْتَغِي بِذَلِكَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُ الْحُصَيْنَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الأَنْصَارِيَّ وَهْوَ أَحَدُ بَنِي سَالِمٍ وَهُوَ مِنْ سَرَاتِهِمْ عَنْ حَدِيثِ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ فَصَدَّقَهُ بِذَلِكَ

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to Banu Amr ibn Awf to reconcile between them. The time for prayer arrived, so the muadhdhin came to Abu Bakr and said, “Will you lead the people in prayer so that I may call the iqamah?” He said, “Yes,” and Abu Bakr led the prayer. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came while the people were in prayer, and he moved through until he stood in the row. The people began clapping, and Abu Bakr would not turn around during his prayer. When the people clapped more, he turned and saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him to remain in his place, so Abu Bakr ᴿᴬ raised his hands and praised Allah for what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had instructed him to do. Then Abu Bakr stepped back until he was level in the row, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came forward and led the prayer.

When he finished, he said: "O Abu Bakr, what prevented you from remaining when I instructed you?" Abu Bakr said, “It was not for the son of Abu Quhafah to pray in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said: "Why did I see you clapping so much? Whoever is troubled by something in his prayer should say subhan Allah, for when he says subhan Allah, attention will be turned to him. Clapping is only for women."

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَهَبَ إِلَى بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَحَانَتِ الصَّلاَةُ، فَجَاءَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ: أَتُصَلِّي لِلنَّاسِ فَأُقِيمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَصَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ، فَتَخَلَّصَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ فِي الصَّفِّ، فَصَفَّقَ النَّاسُ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لاَ يَلْتَفِتُ فِي صَلاَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ التَّصْفِيقَ الْتَفَتَ، فَرَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنِ امْكُثْ مَكَانَكَ، فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ يَدَيْهِ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَتَّى اسْتَوَى فِي الصَّفِّ، وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى.

فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ: «يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ إِذْ أَمَرْتُكَ؟» فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: مَا كَانَ لاِبْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا لِي رَأَيْتُكُمْ أَكْثَرْتُمُ التَّصْفِيقَ؟ مَنْ رَابَهُ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلْيُسَبِّحْ، فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا سَبَّحَ الْتُفِتَ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيقُ لِلنِّسَاءِ».

The Prophet ﷺ went out to affect a reconciliation between the tribes of Bani ʿAmr bin ʿAuf and the time of the prayer became due; Bilal went to Abu Bakr and said, "The Prophet ﷺ is detained. Will you lead the people in the prayer?" Abu Bakr replied, "Yes, if you wish." So Bilal pronounced the Iqama and Abu Bakr led the prayer. In the meantime the Prophet ﷺ came crossing the rows (of the praying people) till he stood in the first row and the people started clapping. Abu Bakr never looked hither and thither during the prayer but when the people clapped too much, he looked back and saw the Prophet ﷺ in the (first) row. The Prophet ﷺ waved him to remain at his place, but Abu Bakr raised both his hands and sent praises to Allah and then retreated and the Prophet ﷺ went forward and led the prayer. (See Hadith No. 295 & 296)

خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَحَانَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَجَاءَ بِلاَلٌ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَالَ حُبِسَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَتَؤُمُّ النَّاسَ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنْ شِئْتُمْ فَأَقَامَ بِلاَلٌ الصَّلاَةَ فَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَصَلَّى فَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَمْشِي فِي الصُّفُوفِ يَشُقُّهَا شَقًّا حَتَّى قَامَ فِي الصَّفِّ الأَوَّلِ فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ بِالتَّصْفِيحِ قَالَ سَهْلٌ هَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَا التَّصْفِيحُ هُوَ التَّصْفِيقُ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ لاَ يَلْتَفِتُ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرُوا الْتَفَتَ فَإِذَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي الصَّفِّ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ مَكَانَكَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَيْهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ الْقَهْقَرَى وَرَاءَهُ وَتَقَدَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى

The news about the differences amongst the people of Bani ʿAmr bin ʿAuf at Quba reached Allah's Apostle and so he went to them along with some of his companions to affect a reconciliation. Allah's Apostle was delayed there and the time for the prayer became due. Bilal came to Abu Bakr! and said, "O Abu Bakr! Messenger of Allah ﷺ is detained (there) and the time for the prayer is due. Will you lead the people in prayer?" Abu Bakr replied, "Yes, if you wish." So Bilal pronounced the Iqama and Abu Bakr went forward and the people said Takbir. In the meantime, Messenger of Allah ﷺ came piercing through the rows till he stood in the (first) row and the people started clapping. Abu Bakr, would never look hither and thither during the prayer but when the people clapped much he looked back and saw Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ beckoned him to carry on. Abu Bakr raised both his hands, praised Allah and retreated till he stood in the row and Messenger of Allah ﷺ went forward and led the people in the prayer. When he had finished the prayer, he addressed the people and said, "O people! Why did you start clapping when something happened to you in the prayer? Clapping is for women. Whenever one is confronted with something unusual in the prayer one should say, 'Sub Han Allah'." Then the Prophet looked towards Abu Bakr and asked, "What prevented you from leading the prayer when I beckoned you to carry on?" Abu Bakr replied, "It does not befit the son of Al Quhafa to lead the prayer in the presence of Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

بَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ بِقُبَاءٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ شَىْءٌ فَخَرَجَ يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي أُنَاسٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَحُبِسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَحَانَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَجَاءَ بِلاَلٌ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ حُبِسَ وَقَدْ حَانَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَهَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تَؤُمَّ النَّاسَ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنْ شِئْتَ فَأَقَامَ بِلاَلٌ الصَّلاَةَ وَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَكَبَّرَ لِلنَّاسِ وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمْشِي فِي الصُّفُوفِ يَشُقُّهَا شَقًّا حَتَّى قَامَ فِي الصَّفِّ فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ فِي التَّصْفِيحِ قَالَ سَهْلٌ التَّصْفِيحُ هُوَ التَّصْفِيقُ قَالَ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ لاَ يَلْتَفِتُ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ الْتَفَتَ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ يَدَهُ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ الْقَهْقَرَى وَرَاءَهُ حَتَّى قَامَ فِي الصَّفِّ وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى لِلنَّاسِ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَا لَكُمْ حِينَ نَابَكُمْ شَىْءٌ فِي الصَّلاَةِ أَخَذْتُمْ بِالتَّصْفِيحِ إِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيحُ لِلنِّسَاءِ مَنْ نَابَهُ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلْيَقُلْ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ لِلنَّاسِ حِينَ أَشَرْتُ إِلَيْكَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لاِبْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ learned that there was some matter between ˹the tribe of˺ Banu Amr b. Awf, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out with some people accompanying him to reconcile between them.

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was delayed, and the time for prayer came, so Bilal came to Abu Bakr ᴿᴬ and said, “O Abu Bakr, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has been delayed, and the time for prayer has come. Would you lead the people in prayer?” He said, “Yes, if you wish.” Bilal gave the iqamah, and Abu Bakr ᴿᴬ stepped forward and pronounced the takbir for the people. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came walking through the rows until he stood in the row.

The people began clapping, and Abu Bakr ᴿᴬ would not turn around in his prayer. When the people clapped more, he turned and there was the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him, instructing him to continue praying. Abu Bakr ᴿᴬ raised his hands and praised Allah, then stepped backward until he stood in the row. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then stepped forward and led the people in prayer.

When he finished, he turned to the people and said: "O people, why is it that when something happens to you during prayer, you start clapping? Clapping is only for women. Whoever has something happen to him in his prayer should say: Subhan Allah, for no one hears him when he says: Subhan Allah except that he will turn around. O Abu Bakr, what prevented you from leading the people in prayer when I gestured to you?" Abu Bakr ᴿᴬ said, “It was not proper for the son of Abu Quhafah to pray in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.”

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ شَىْءٌ، فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي أُنَاسٍ مَعَهُ،

فَحُبِسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَحَانَتِ الصَّلاَةُ، فَجَاءَ بِلاَلٌ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ حُبِسَ، وَقَدْ حَانَتِ الصَّلاَةُ، فَهَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تَؤُمَّ النَّاسَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، إِنْ شِئْتَ. فَأَقَامَ بِلاَلٌ، وَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَكَبَّرَ لِلنَّاسِ، وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمْشِي فِي الصُّفُوفِ حَتَّى قَامَ فِي الصَّفِّ.

فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ فِي التَّصْفِيقِ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ لاَ يَلْتَفِتُ فِي صَلاَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ الْتَفَتَ، فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ، فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ يَدَيْهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، وَرَجَعَ الْقَهْقَرَى وَرَاءَهُ حَتَّى قَامَ فِي الصَّفِّ، فَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى لِلنَّاسِ.

فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، مَا لَكُمْ حِينَ نَابَكُمْ شَىْءٌ فِي الصَّلاَةِ أَخَذْتُمْ فِي التَّصْفِيقِ؟ إِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيقُ لِلنِّسَاءِ، مَنْ نَابَهُ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلْيَقُلْ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَسْمَعُهُ أَحَدٌ حِينَ يَقُولُ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ الْتَفَتَ. يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ لِلنَّاسِ حِينَ أَشَرْتُ إِلَيْكَ؟» فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ: مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لاِبْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ.

Some people from Banu Amr b. Awf had a matter between them, so the Prophet ﷺ went out to them with some of his Companions to reconcile between them. 

The time for prayer came, but the Prophet ﷺ had not arrived, so Bilal came and called the adhan for the prayer. The Prophet ﷺ still had not arrived, so Bilal came to Abu Bakr and said, “The Prophet ﷺ has been detained, and the prayer time has come, so would you lead the people in prayer?” He said, “Yes, if you wish.” So he gave the iqamah for the prayer, and Abu Bakr stepped forward. 

Then the Prophet ﷺ came, walking through the rows until he stood in the first row. The people began clapping until they did it a great deal, and Abu Bakr would hardly turn around during prayer. Then he turned and saw the Prophet ﷺ behind him. He gestured to him with his hand, instructing him to keep praying as he was. Abu Bakr raised his hand and praised Allah, then moved backward until he entered the row, and the Prophet ﷺ stepped forward and led the people in prayer.

When he finished, he turned to the people and said: "O people, what is the matter with you that when something happens to you in your prayer, you begin clapping? Clapping is only for women. Whoever has something happen to him in his prayer should say: Subhan Allah, for no one hears it except that he will turn. O Abu Bakr, what prevented you, when I gestured to you, from leading the people in prayer?" He said, “It was not fitting for the son of Abu Quhafah to pray in front of the Prophet ﷺ.”

أَنَّ أُنَاسًا مِنْ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ شَىْءٌ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي أُنَاسٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَهُمْ،

فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاَةُ وَلَمْ يَأْتِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَجَاءَ بِلاَلٌ فَأَذَّنَ بِلاَلٌ بِالصَّلاَةِ، وَلَمْ يَأْتِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَجَاءَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حُبِسَ وَقَدْ حَضَرَتِ الصَّلاَةُ، فَهَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تَؤُمَّ النَّاسَ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ إِنْ شِئْتَ. فَأَقَامَ الصَّلاَةَ، فَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ،

ثُمَّ جَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَمْشِي فِي الصُّفُوفِ حَتَّى قَامَ فِي الصَّفِّ الأَوَّلِ، فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ بِالتَّصْفِيحِ حَتَّى أَكْثَرُوا، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لاَ يَكَادُ يَلْتَفِتُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ، فَالْتَفَتَ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَرَاءَهُ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ بِيَدِهِ فَأَمَرَهُ يُصَلِّي كَمَا هُوَ، فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَهُ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ الْقَهْقَرَى وَرَاءَهُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ فِي الصَّفِّ، وَتَقَدَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ.

فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، مَا لَكُمْ إِذَا نَابَكُمْ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِكُمْ أَخَذْتُمْ بِالتَّصْفِيحِ؟ إِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيحُ لِلنِّسَاءِ، مَنْ نَابَهُ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلْيَقُلْ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، فَإِنَّهُ لا يَسْمَعُهُ أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ الْتَفَتَ. يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، مَا مَنَعَكَ حِينَ أَشَرْتُ إِلَيْكَ لَمْ تُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ؟» فَقَالَ: مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لاِبْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَىِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ.

Abu Bakr came from his house at As-Sunh on a horse. He dismounted and entered the Mosque, but did not speak to the people till he entered upon ʿAisha and went straight to Messenger of Allah ﷺ who was covered with Hibra cloth (i.e. a kind of Yemenite cloth). He then uncovered the Prophet's face and bowed over him and kissed him and wept, saying, "Let my father and mother be sacrificed for you. By Allah, Allah will never cause you to die twice. As for the death which was written for you, has come upon you." Narrated Ibn ʿAbbas: Abu Bakr went out while ʿUmar bin Al-Khattab was talking to the people. Abu Bakr said, "Sit down, O ʿUmar!" But ʿUmar refused to sit down. So the people came to Abu Bakr and left ʿUmar. Abu Bakr said, "To proceed, if anyone amongst you used to worship Muhammad , then Muhammad is dead, but if (anyone of) you used to worship Allah, then Allah is Alive and shall never die. Allah said:--"Muhammad is no more than an Apostle, and indeed (many) apostles have passed away before him..(till the end of the Verse )......Allah will reward to those who are thankful." (3.144) By Allah, it was as if the people never knew that Allah had revealed this Verse before till Abu Bakr recited it and all the people received it from him, and I heard everybody reciting it (then). Narrated Az-Zuhri: Saʿid bin Al-Musaiyab told me that ʿUmar said, "By Allah, when I heard Abu Bakr reciting it, my legs could not support me and I fell down at the very moment of hearing him reciting it, declaring that the Prophet ﷺ had died."

أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ مِنْ مَسْكَنِهِ بِالسُّنْحِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ فَدَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَلَمْ يُكَلِّمِ النَّاسَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَتَيَمَّمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهْوَ مُغَشًّى بِثَوْبِ حِبَرَةٍ فَكَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ ثُمَّ أَكَبَّ عَلَيْهِ فَقَبَّلَهُ وَبَكَى ثُمَّ قَالَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي وَاللَّهِ لاَ يَجْمَعُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ مَوْتَتَيْنِ أَمَّا الْمَوْتَةُ الَّتِي كُتِبَتْ عَلَيْكَ فَقَدْ مُتَّهَا قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَرَجَ وَعُمَرُ يُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ اجْلِسْ يَا عُمَرُ فَأَبَى عُمَرُ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ فَأَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ وَتَرَكُوا عُمَرَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَمَّا بَعْدُ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يَعْبُدُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ مَاتَ وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَىٌّ لاَ يَمُوتُ قَالَ اللَّهُ {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلاَّ رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {الشَّاكِرِينَ} وَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ لَكَأَنَّ النَّاسَ لَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ حَتَّى تَلاَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَتَلَقَّاهَا مِنْهُ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ فَمَا أَسْمَعُ بَشَرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ إِلاَّ يَتْلُوهَا فَأَخْبَرَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ وَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ إِلاَّ أَنْ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ تَلاَهَا فَعَقِرْتُ حَتَّى مَا تُقِلُّنِي رِجْلاَىَ وَحَتَّى أَهْوَيْتُ إِلَى الأَرْضِ حِينَ سَمِعْتُهُ تَلاَهَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَدْ مَاتَ

There was a dispute between Abu Bakr and ʿUmar, and Abu Bakr made ʿUmar angry. So ʿUmar left angrily. Abu Bakr followed him, requesting him to ask forgiveness (of Allah) for him, but ʿUmar refused to do so and closed his door in Abu Bakr's face. So Abu Bakr went to Messenger of Allah ﷺ while we were with him. Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "This friend of yours must have quarrelled (with somebody)." In the meantime ʿUmar repented and felt sorry for what he had done, so he came, greeted (those who were present) and sat with the Prophet ﷺ and related the story to him. Messenger of Allah ﷺ became angry and Abu Bakr started saying, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! By Allah, I was more at fault (than ʿUmar)." Allah's Apostle said, "Are you (people) leaving for me my companion? (Abu Bakr), Are you (people) leaving for me my companion? When I said, 'O people I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah,' you said, 'You tell a lie.' while Abu Bakr said, 'You have spoken the truth ."

كَانَتْ بَيْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ مُحَاوَرَةٌ فَأَغْضَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عُمَرَ فَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهُ عُمَرُ مُغْضَبًا فَاتَّبَعَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرَ لَهُ فَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ حَتَّى أَغْلَقَ بَابَهُ فِي وَجْهِهِ فَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَّا صَاحِبُكُمْ هَذَا فَقَدْ غَامَرَ قَالَ وَنَدِمَ عُمَرُ عَلَى مَا كَانَ مِنْهُ فَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى سَلَّمَ وَجَلَسَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَصَّ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْخَبَرَ قَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ وَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَجَعَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لأَنَا كُنْتُ أَظْلَمَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَلْ أَنْتُمْ تَارِكُو لِي صَاحِبِي هَلْ أَنْتُمْ تَارِكُو لِي صَاحِبِي إِنِّي قُلْتُ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا فَقُلْتُمْ كَذَبْتَ وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْد اللَّهِ غَامَرَ سَبَقَ بِالْخَيْر

We went out with Messenger of Allah ﷺ to Khaibar and we travelled during the night. A man amongst the people said to 'Amir bin Al-Aqwa', "Won't you let us hear your poetry?" 'Amir was a poet, and so he got down and started (chanting Huda) reciting for the people, poetry that keep pace with the camel's foot steps, saying, "O Allah! Without You we would not have been guided on the right path, neither would we have given in charity, nor would we have prayed. So please forgive us what we have committed. Let all of us be sacrificed for Your cause and when we meet our enemy, make our feet firm and bestow peace and calmness on us and if they (our enemy) will call us towards an unjust thing we will refuse. The infidels have made a hue and cry to ask others help against us. Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Who is that driver (of the camels)?" They said, "He is 'Amir bin Al-Aqwa."' He said, "May Allah bestow His mercy on him." A man among the people said, Has Martyrdom been granted to him, O Allah's Prophet! Would that you let us enjoy his company longer." We reached (the people of) Khaibar and besieged them till we were stricken with severe hunger but Allah helped the Muslims conquer Khaibar. In the evening of its conquest the people made many fires. Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "What are those fires? For what are you making fires?" They said, "For cooking meat." He asked, "What kind of meat?" They said, "Donkeys' meat." Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Throw away the meat and break the cooking pots." A man said, O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Shall we throw away the meat and wash the cooking pots?" He said, "You can do that too." When the army files aligned in rows (for the battle), 'Amir's sword was a short one, and while attacking a Jew with it in order to hit him, the sharp edge of the sword turned back and hit 'Amir's knee and caused him to die. When the Muslims returned (from the battle), Salama said, Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw me pale and said, 'What is wrong with you?"' I said, "Let my parents be sacrificed for you! The people claim that all the deeds of Amir have been annulled." The Prophet ﷺ asked, "Who said so?" I replied, "So-and-so and soand- so and Usaid bin Al-Hudair Al-Ansari said, 'Whoever says so is telling a lie. Verily, 'Amir will have double reward."' (While speaking) the Prophet ﷺ put two of his fingers together to indicate that, and added, "He was really a hard-working man and a Mujahid (devout fighter in Allah's Cause) and rarely have there lived in it (i.e., Medina or the battle-field) an "Arab like him."

خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَسِرْنَا لَيْلاً فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ لِعَامِرِ بْنِ الأَكْوَعِ أَلاَ تُسْمِعُنَا مِنْ هُنَيْهَاتِكَ قَالَ وَكَانَ عَامِرٌ رَجُلاً شَاعِرًا فَنَزَلَ يَحْدُو بِالْقَوْمِ يَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ لَوْلاَ أَنْتَ مَا اهْتَدَيْنَا وَلاَ تَصَدَّقْنَا وَلاَ صَلَّيْنَا فَاغْفِرْ فِدَاءٌ لَكَ مَا اقْتَفَيْنَا وَثَبِّتِ الأَقْدَامَ إِنْ لاَقَيْنَا وَأَلْقِيَنْ سَكِينَةً عَلَيْنَا إِنَّا إِذَا صِيحَ بِنَا أَتَيْنَا وَبِالصِّيَاحِ عَوَّلُوا عَلَيْنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ هَذَا السَّائِقُ قَالُوا عَامِرُ بْنُ الأَكْوَعِ فَقَالَ يَرْحَمُهُ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ وَجَبَتْ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَمْتَعْتَنَا بِهِ قَالَ فَأَتَيْنَا خَيْبَرَ فَحَاصَرْنَاهُمْ حَتَّى أَصَابَتْنَا مَخْمَصَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَتَحَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَلَمَّا أَمْسَى النَّاسُ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي فُتِحَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَوْقَدُوا نِيرَانًا كَثِيرَةً فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا هَذِهِ النِّيرَانُ عَلَى أَىِّ شَىْءٍ تُوقِدُونَ قَالُوا عَلَى لَحْمٍ قَالَ عَلَى أَىِّ لَحْمٍ قَالُوا عَلَى لَحْمِ حُمُرٍ إِنْسِيَّةٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَهْرِقُوهَا وَاكْسِرُوهَا فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَوْ نُهَرِيقُهَا وَنَغْسِلُهَا قَالَ أَوْ ذَاكَ فَلَمَّا تَصَافَّ الْقَوْمُ كَانَ سَيْفُ عَامِرٍ فِيهِ قِصَرٌ فَتَنَاوَلَ بِهِ يَهُودِيًّا لِيَضْرِبَهُ وَيَرْجِعُ ذُبَابُ سَيْفِهِ فَأَصَابَ رُكْبَةَ عَامِرٍ فَمَاتَ مِنْهُ فَلَمَّا قَفَلُوا قَالَ سَلَمَةُ رَآنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَاحِبًا فَقَالَ لِي مَا لَكَ فَقُلْتُ فِدًى لَكَ أَبِي وَأُمِّي زَعَمُوا أَنَّ عَامِرًا حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ قَالَ مَنْ قَالَهُ قُلْتُ قَالَهُ فُلاَنٌ وَفُلاَنٌ وَفُلاَنٌ وَأُسَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُضَيْرِ الأَنْصَارِيُّ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَذَبَ مَنْ قَالَهُ إِنَّ لَهُ لأَجْرَيْنِ وَجَمَعَ بَيْنَ إِصْبَعَيْهِ إِنَّهُ لَجَاهِدٌ مُجَاهِدٌ قَلَّ عَرَبِيٌّ نَشَأَ بِهَا مِثْلَهُ

There was some quarrel (sighting) among Bani ʿAmr, and when this news reached the Prophet, he offered the Zuhr prayer and went to establish peace among them. In the meantime the time of ʿAsr prayer was due, Bilal pronounced the Adhan and then the Iqama for the prayer and requested Abu Bakr (to lead the prayer) and Abu Bakr went forward. The Prophet ﷺ arrived while Abu Bakr was still praying. He entered the rows of praying people till he stood behind Abu Bakr in the (first) row. The people started clapping, and it was the habit of Abu Bakr that whenever he stood for prayer, he never glanced side-ways till he had finished it, but when Abu Bakr observed that the clapping was not coming to an end, he looked and saw the Prophet ﷺ standing behind him. The Prophet ﷺ beckoned him to carry on by waving his hand. Abu Bakr stood there for a while, thanking Allah for the saying of the Prophet ﷺ and then he retreated, taking his steps backwards. When the Prophet saw that, he went ahead and led the people in prayer. When he finished the prayer, he said, "O Abu Bakr! What prevented you from carrying on with the prayer after I beckoned you to do so?" Abu Bakr replied, "It does not befit the son of Abi Quhafa to lead the Prophet ﷺ in prayer." Then the Prophet ﷺ said to the people, "If some problem arises during prayers, then the men should say, Subhan Allah!; and the women should clap." (See Hadith No. 652, Vol. 1)

كَانَ قِتَالٌ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَمْرٍو فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ ثُمَّ أَتَاهُمْ يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْ صَلاَةُ الْعَصْرِ فَأَذَّنَ بِلاَلٌ وَأَقَامَ وَأَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَتَقَدَّمَ وَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فَشَقَّ النَّاسَ حَتَّى قَامَ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَتَقَدَّمَ فِي الصَّفِّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ قَالَ وَصَفَّحَ الْقَوْمُ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلاَةِ لَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى التَّصْفِيحَ لاَ يُمْسَكُ عَلَيْهِ الْتَفَتَ فَرَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَلْفَهُ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنِ امْضِهْ وَأَوْمَأَ بِيَدِهِ هَكَذَا وَلَبِثَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ هُنَيَّةً يَحْمَدُ اللَّهَ عَلَى قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ مَشَى الْقَهْقَرَى فَلَمَّا رَأَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ذَلِكَ تَقَدَّمَ فَصَلَّى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالنَّاسِ فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلاَتَهُ قَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ إِذْ أَوْمَأْتُ إِلَيْكَ أَنْ لاَ تَكُونَ مَضَيْتَ قَالَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لاِبْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يَؤُمَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَقَالَ لِلْقَوْمِ إِذَا نَابَكُمْ أَمْرٌ فَلْيُسَبِّحِ الرِّجَالُ وَلْيُصَفِّحِ النِّسَاءُ

One day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appeared before the public so a man came to him and then said: Prophet of Allah, what is Iman? Upon this he (the Holy Prophet) replied: That you affirm your faith in Allah, His angels, His Books, His meeting, His Messengers and that you affirm your faith in the Resurrection hereafter. He said: Messenger of Allah, what is al-Islam? He replied: Al-Islam is that you worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him and you establish obligatory prayer and you pay the obligatory alms (Zakat) and you observe the fast of Ramadan. He said: Messenger of Allah, what is al-Ihsan? He replied: That you worship Allah as if you are seeing Him, and for if you fail to see Him. He said: Messenger of Allah, when is the Hour (of Doom)? He replied: The one who is asked about it is no better informed than the inquirer, however I will narrate some of its signs to you. When the slave-girl will give birth to her master, then that is from its signs. When the naked, barefooted would become the chiefs of the people, then that is from its signs. When the shepherds of the black (camels) would exult themselves in buildings, then that is from its signs. (The Hour is) Among one of the five which no one knows but Allah. Then he recited (the verse): "Verily Allah! with Him alone is the knowledge of the Hour and He it is Who sends down the rain and knows that which is in the wombs. And no soul knows what it shall earn tomorrow, and a soul knows not in what land it shall die. Verily Allah is Knowing, Aware." He (Abu Huraira) said: Then the person turned back and went away. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Bring that man back to me. They went to bring him back, but they saw nothing there. Upon this the Messenger of Allah remarked: he was Gabriel, who came to teach the people their religion.

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا بَارِزًا لِلنَّاسِ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكِتَابِهِ وَلِقَائِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ الآخِرِ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ الإِسْلاَمُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ وَلاَ تُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ وَتُؤَدِّيَ الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لاَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَتَى السَّاعَةُ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَلَكِنْ سَأُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا إِذَا وَلَدَتِ الأَمَةُ رَبَّهَا فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْعُرَاةُ الْحُفَاةُ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا تَطَاوَلَ رِعَاءُ الْبَهْمِ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا فِي خَمْسٍ لاَ يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ تَلاَ ﷺ { إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} قَالَ ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رُدُّوا عَلَىَّ الرَّجُلَ فَأَخَذُوا لِيَرُدُّوهُ فَلَمْ يَرَوْا شَيْئًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ

Ask me (about religious matters), but they (the Companions) were in awe of asking him. Then came a man, and sat near his knees and said: O Messenger of Allah, what is al-Islam? So he (the Holy Prophet) replied: [That] you do not associate anything with Allah, and establish the prayer, pay the alms (Zakat) and fast Ramadan. He said: You (have) told the truth. He said: Messenger of Allah, what is al-Iman (Faith)? He said: That you affirm your faith in Allah, His angels, His Books, His meeting, His Apostles, and that you believe in Resurrection and that you believe in Qadr (Divine Decree) in all its entirety. He (the inquirer) said: You have told the truth. He said: Messenger of Allah, what is al-Ihsan? Upon this he said: that you fear Allah as if you are seeing Him, and though you see Him not, verily He is seeing you. He (the inquirer) said: You (have) told the truth. He (the inquirer) said: When will the Hour (of Doom) occur? He said: The one who is being asked about it is no better informed than the inquirer and I will narrate some of its signs to you. When you see a [slave] woman giving birth to her master - then that is [one] of its signs. And when you see barefooted, naked, deaf and dumb (ignorant and foolish persons) as the rulers of the earth - then that is [one] of its signs. And when you see the shepherds of black (camels) exult in buildings - then that is [one] of its signs. The (Hour) is one of the five things of the unseen. No one knows them except Allah. Then (the Holy Prophet) recited (the folowing verse):" Verily Allah! with Him alone is the knowledge of the Hour and He it is Who sends down the rain and knows that which is in the wombs. And no soul knows what it shall earn on the morrow and a soul knows not in what land it shall die. Verily Allah is Knowing, Aware." He (Abu Huraira) said: Then the person stood up (and made his way). Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Bring him back to me. He was searched for, but they could not find him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ thereupon said: He was Gabriel and he wanted to teach you when you did not ask.

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَلُونِي فَهَابُوهُ أَنْ يَسْأَلُوهُ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَجَلَسَ عِنْدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ لاَ تُشْرِكُ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلاَةَ وَتُؤْتِي الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكِتَابِهِ وَلِقَائِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تَخْشَى اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لاَ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَتَى تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَسَأُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْمَرْأَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّهَا فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الصُّمَّ الْبُكْمَ مُلُوكَ الأَرْضِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ رِعَاءَ الْبَهْمِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا فِي خَمْسٍ مِنَ الْغَيْبِ لاَ يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ { إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} قَالَ ثُمَّ قَامَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رُدُّوهُ عَلَىَّ فَالْتُمِسَ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ أَرَادَ أَنْ تَعَلَّمُوا إِذْ لَمْ تَسْأَلُوا

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to the tribe of Bani Amr b. Auf in order to bring reconciliation amongst (its members), and It was a time of prayer. The Mu'adhdhin came to Abu Bakr and said: Would you lead the prayer in case I recite takbir (tahrima, with which the prayer begins)? He (Abu Bakr) said: Yes. He (the narrator) said: He (Abu Bakr) started (leading) the prayer. The people were engaged in observing prayer when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ happened to come there and made his way (through the people) till he stood in a row. The people began to clap (their hands), but Abu Bakr paid no heed (to it) in prayer. When the people clapped more vigorously, he (Abu Bakr) then paid heed and saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ there. (He was about to withdraw when) the Messenger of Allah ﷺ signed to him to keep standing at his place. Abu Bakr lifted his hands and praised Allah for what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had commanded him and then Abu Bakr withdrew himself till he stood in the midst of the row and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stepped forward and led the prayer. When (the prayer) was over, he (the Holy Prophet) said: 0 Abu Bakr, what prevented you from standing (at that place) as I ordered you to do? Abu Bakr said: It does not become the son of Abu Quhafa to lead prayer before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said (to the people) around him: What is it that I saw you clapping so vigorously? (Behold) when anything happens in prayer, say: Subha Allah, for when you would utter it, it would attract the attention, while clapping of hands is meant for women.

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَهَبَ إِلَى بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَحَانَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَجَاءَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ أَتُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ فَأُقِيمُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَصَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فَتَخَلَّصَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ فِي الصَّفِّ فَصَفَّقَ النَّاسُ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لاَ يَلْتَفِتُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ التَّصْفِيقَ الْتَفَتَ فَرَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنِ امْكُثْ مَكَانَكَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَيْهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ ﷻ عَلَى مَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَتَّى اسْتَوَى فِي الصَّفِّ وَتَقَدَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ إِذْ أَمَرْتُكَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَا كَانَ لاِبْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا لِي رَأَيْتُكُمْ أَكْثَرْتُمُ التَّصْفِيقَ مَنْ نَابَهُ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلْيُسَبِّحْ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا سَبَّحَ الْتُفِتَ إِلَيْهِ وَإِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيحُ لِلنِّسَاءِ

Messenger of Allah, I have lost my eyesight and I lead my people in prayer. When there is a downpour there is then a current (of water) in the valley that stands between me and them and I find it impossible to go to their mosque and lead them in prayer. Messenger of Allah, I earnestly beg of you that you should come and observe prayer at a place of worship (in my house) so that I should then use it as a place of worship. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Well, it God so wills. I would soon do so. 'Itban said: On the following day when the day dawned, the Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon him) came along with Abu Bakr at-Siddiq, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked permission (to get into the house). I gave him the permission, and be did not sit after entering the house, when he said: At what place in your house you desire me to say prayer? I ('Itban b. Malik) said: I pointed to a corner in the house, The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood (at that place for prayer) and pronounced Allah-o-Akbar (Allah is the Greatest) (as an expression for the commencement of prayer). We too stood behind him, and he said two rak'ahs and then pronounced salutation (marking the end of the prayer). We detained him (the Holy Prophet) for the meat curry we had prepared for, him. The people of the neighbouring houses came and thus there was a good gathering in (our house). One of them said: Where is Malik b. Dukhshun? Upon this one of them remarked: He is a hypocrite; he does not love Allah and His Messenger. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Do not say so about him. Don't you see that he utters La ilaha ill-Allah (There is no god but Allah) and seeks the pleasure of Allah through it? They said: Allah and His Messenger know beet. One (among the audience) said: We see his inclination and wellwishing for hypocrites only. Upon this the Messenger of Allah' ﷺ again said: Verily Allah has forbidden the Fire for one who says: There is no god but Allah, thereby seeking Allah's pleasure. Ibn Shihab said: I asked Husain b. Muhammad al-Ansar (he was one of the leaders of Banu Salim) about the hadith transmitted by Mahmud b. Rabi' and he testified it.

أَنَّ عِتْبَانَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ وَهُوَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ أَنَّهُ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي قَدْ أَنْكَرْتُ بَصَرِي وَأَنَا أُصَلِّي لِقَوْمِي وَإِذَا كَانَتِ الأَمْطَارُ سَالَ الْوَادِي الَّذِي بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ وَلَمْ أَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ آتِيَ مَسْجِدَهُمْ فَأُصَلِّيَ لَهُمْ وَدِدْتُ أَنَّكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تَأْتِي فَتُصَلِّي فِي مُصَلًّى فَأَتَّخِذَهُ مُصَلًّى قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَأَفْعَلُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ قَالَ عِتْبَانُ فَغَدَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ حِينَ ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَذِنْتُ لَهُ فَلَمْ يَجْلِسْ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيْنَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ مِنْ بَيْتِكِ قَالَ فَأَشَرْتُ إِلَى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَبَّرَ فَقُمْنَا وَرَاءَهُ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ قَالَ وَحَبَسْنَاهُ عَلَى خَزِيرٍ صَنَعْنَاهُ لَهُ قَالَ فَثَابَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الدَّارِ حَوْلَنَا حَتَّى اجْتَمَعَ فِي الْبَيْتِ رِجَالٌ ذَوُو عَدَدٍ فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَيْنَ مَالِكُ بْنُ الدُّخْشُنِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ ذَلِكَ مُنَافِقٌ لاَ يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ تَقُلْ لَهُ ذَلِكَ أَلاَ تَرَاهُ قَدْ قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ قَالَ قَالُوا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَإِنَّمَا نَرَى وَجْهَهُ وَنَصِيحَتَهُ لِلْمُنَافِقِينَ قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ حَرَّمَ عَلَى النَّارِ مَنْ قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ يَبْتَغِي بِذَلِكَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُ الْحُصَيْنَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الأَنْصَارِيَّ وَهُوَ أَحَدُ بَنِي سَالِمٍ وَهُوَ مِنْ سَرَاتِهِمْ عَنْ حَدِيثِ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ فَصَدَّقَهُ بِذَلِكَ

Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) came and sought permission to see Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He found people sitting at his door and none amongst them had been granted permission, but it was granted to Abu Bakr and he went in. Then came 'Umar and he sought permission and it was granted to him, and he found Allah's Apostle ﷺ sitting sad and silent with his wives around him. He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: I would say something which would make the Prophet ﷺ laugh, so he said: Messenger of Allah, I wish you had seen (the treatment meted out to) the daughter ofKhadija when you asked me some money, and I got up and slapped her on her neck. Messenger of Allah (mav peace be upon him) laughed and said: They are around me as you see, asking for extra money. Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) then got up went to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and slapped her on the neck, and 'Umar stood up before Hafsa and slapped her saying: You ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ which he does not possess. They said: By Allah, we do not ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ for anything he does not possess. Then he withdrew from them for a month or for twenty-nine days. Then this verse was revealed to him:" Prophet: Say to thy wives... for a mighty reward" (xxxiii. 28). He then went first to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and said: I want to propound something to you, 'A'isha, but wish no hasty reply before you consult your parents. She said: Messenger of Allah, what is that? He (the Holy Prophet) recited to her the verse, whereupon she said: Is it about you that I should consult my parents, Messenger of Allah? Nay, I choose Allah, His Messenger, and the Last Abode; but I ask you not to tell any of your wives what I have said He replied: Not one of them will ask me without my informing her. God did not send me to be harsh, or cause harm, but He has sent me to teach and make things easy.

دَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَوَجَدَ النَّاسَ جُلُوسًا بِبَابِهِ لَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ قَالَ فَأُذِنَ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ فَدَخَلَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ فَأُذِنَ لَهُ فَوَجَدَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَالِسًا حَوْلَهُ نِسَاؤُهُ وَاجِمًا سَاكِتًا قَالَ فَقَالَ لأَقُولَنَّ شَيْئًا أُضْحِكُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ رَأَيْتَ بِنْتَ خَارِجَةَ سَأَلَتْنِي النَّفَقَةَ فَقُمْتُ إِلَيْهَا فَوَجَأْتُ عُنُقَهَا فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ هُنَّ حَوْلِي كَمَا تَرَى يَسْأَلْنَنِي النَّفَقَةَ فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ يَجَأُ عُنُقَهَا فَقَامَ عُمَرُ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ يَجَأُ عُنُقَهَا كِلاَهُمَا يَقُولُ تَسْأَلْنَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ فَقُلْنَ وَاللَّهِ لاَ نَسْأَلُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا أَبَدًا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ ثُمَّ اعْتَزَلَهُنَّ شَهْرًا أَوْ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ { يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لأَزْوَاجِكَ} حَتَّى بَلَغَ { لِلْمُحْسِنَاتِ مِنْكُنَّ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا} قَالَ فَبَدَأَ بِعَائِشَةَ فَقَالَ يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَعْرِضَ عَلَيْكَ أَمْرًا أُحِبُّ أَنْ لاَ تَعْجَلِي فِيهِ حَتَّى تَسْتَشِيرِي أَبَوَيْكِ قَالَتْ وَمَا هُوَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَتَلاَ عَلَيْهَا الآيَةَ قَالَتْ أَفِيكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَسْتَشِيرُ أَبَوَىَّ بَلْ أَخْتَارُ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالدَّارَ الآخِرَةَ وَأَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ لاَ تُخْبِرَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ نِسَائِكَ بِالَّذِي قُلْتُ قَالَ لاَ تَسْأَلُنِي امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ إِلاَّ أَخْبَرْتُهَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَبْعَثْنِي مُعَنِّتًا وَلاَ مُتَعَنِّتًا وَلَكِنْ بَعَثَنِي مُعَلِّمًا مُيَسِّرًا

We marched upon Khaibar with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. We journeyed during the night. One of the people said to (my brother) 'Amir b. al-Akwa': Won't you recite to us some of your verses? Amir was a poet. So he began to chant his verses to urge the camels, reciting: O God, if Thou hadst not guided us We would have neither been guided rightly nor practised charity, Nor offered prayers. We wish to lay down our lives for Thee; so forgive Thou our lapses, And keep us steadfast when we encounter (our enemies). Bestow upon us peace and tranquillity. Behold, when with a cry they called upon us to help. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Who is this driver (of the camels)? They said: It is 'Amir. He said: God will show mercy to him. A man said: Martyrdom is reserved for him. Messenger of Allah, would that you had allowed us to benefit ourselves from his life. (The narrator says): We reached Khaibar and besieged them, and (we continued the siege) until extreme hunger afflicted us. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Behold, God has conquered it for you. When it was evening of the day on which the city was conquered. the Muslims lit many fires. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: What are these fires? And what are they cooking? They said: They are cooking meat. He asked. Which meat? They said: That of domestic asses. He said: Let them throw it away and break the pots (in which it is being cooked). A man said: Or should they throw it away and wash the pots? He said: They may do that. When the people drew themselves up in battle array 'Amir caught hold of his sword that was rather short He drove a Jew before him to strike him with it. (As he struck him), his sword recoiled and struck his own knee, and 'Amir died of the wound. When the people returned (after the conquest of Kliaibar) and he (Salama) had caught hold of my hand, and said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw that I was silent (and dejected) ; he said: What's the matter with thee? I said to him: My father and my mother be thy ransom, people presume that 'Amir's sacrifice has been in vain. He asked: Who has said that? I said: So and so and Usaid b. Hudair al-Ansari. He said: Who has said that has lied. For him (for 'Amir) there is a double reward. (He indicated this by putting two of his fingers together.) He was a devotee of God and a warrior fighting for His cause. There will be hardly any Arab who can fight as bravely as he did. Qutaiba has differed in a few words.

خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَتَسَيَّرْنَا لَيْلاً فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ لِعَامِرِ بْنِ الأَكْوَعِ أَلاَ تُسْمِعُنَا مِنْ هُنَيْهَاتِكَ وَكَانَ عَامِرٌ رَجُلاً شَاعِرًا فَنَزَلَ يَحْدُو بِالْقَوْمِ يَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ لَوْلاَ أَنْتَ مَا اهْتَدَيْنَا وَلاَ تَصَدَّقْنَا وَلاَ صَلَّيْنَا فَاغْفِرْ فِدَاءً لَكَ مَا اقْتَفَيْنَا وَثَبِّتِ الأَقْدَامَ إِنْ لاَقَيْنَا وَأَلْقِيَنْ سَكِينَةً عَلَيْنَا إِنَّا إِذَا صِيحَ بِنَا أَتَيْنَا وَبِالصِّيَاحِ عَوَّلُوا عَلَيْنَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ هَذَا السَّائِقُ قَالُوا عَامِرٌ قَالَ يَرْحَمُهُ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ وَجَبَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْلاَ أَمْتَعْتَنَا بِهِ قَالَ فَأَتَيْنَا خَيْبَرَ فَحَصَرْنَاهُمْ حَتَّى أَصَابَتْنَا مَخْمَصَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَتَحَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ قَالَ فَلَمَّا أَمْسَى النَّاسُ مَسَاءَ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي فُتِحَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَوْقَدُوا نِيرَانًا كَثِيرَةً فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا هَذِهِ النِّيرَانُ عَلَى أَىِّ شَىْءٍ تُوقِدُونَ فَقَالُوا عَلَى لَحْمٍ قَالَ أَىُّ لَحْمٍ قَالُوا لَحْمُ حُمُرِ الإِنْسِيَّةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَهْرِيقُوهَا وَاكْسِرُوهَا فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ أَوْ يُهَرِيقُوهَا وَيَغْسِلُوهَا فَقَالَ أَوْ ذَاكَ قَالَ فَلَمَّا تَصَافَّ الْقَوْمُ كَانَ سَيْفُ عَامِرٍ فِيهِ قِصَرٌ فَتَنَاوَلَ بِهِ سَاقَ يَهُودِيٍّ لِيَضْرِبَهُ وَيَرْجِعُ ذُبَابُ سَيْفِهِ فَأَصَابَ رُكْبَةَ عَامِرٍ فَمَاتَ مِنْهُ قَالَ فَلَمَّا قَفَلُوا قَالَ سَلَمَةُ وَهُوَ آخِذٌ بِيَدِي قَالَ فَلَمَّا رَآنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَاكِتًا قَالَ مَا لَكَ قُلْتُ لَهُ فِدَاكَ أَبِي وَأُمِّي زَعَمُوا أَنَّ عَامِرًا حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ قَالَ مَنْ قَالَهُ قُلْتُ فُلاَنٌ وَفُلاَنٌ وَأُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ الأَنْصَارِيُّ فَقَالَ كَذَبَ مَنْ قَالَهُ إِنَّ لَهُ لأَجْرَيْنِ وَجَمَعَ بَيْنَ إِصْبَعَيْهِ إِنَّهُ لَجَاهِدٌ مُجَاهِدٌ قَلَّ عَرَبِيٌّ مَشَى بِهَا مِثْلَهُ وَخَالَفَ قُتَيْبَةُ مُحَمَّدًا فِي الْحَدِيثِ فِي حَرْفَيْنِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبَّادٍ وَأَلْقِ سَكِينَةً عَلَيْنَا

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to Banu ‘Amr b. ‘Awf to effect reconciliation between them . in the meantime the time of prayer came and the Mu’adhdhin came to Abu Bakr and asked : Will you lead the people in prayer? I pronounce the Iqamah. He said ; Yes. So Abiu Bakr led the prayer , and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came back while the people were praying. He penetrated through the rows and stood in the first row. The people clapped but Abu Bakr did not pay any attention to it during prayer. When the people clapped increasingly, he paid attention. He saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a sign to him (saying); Stay at your place. Abu BAkr raised his hands and praised Allah for the commandment the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had given him (to lead the people in prayer). Abu Bakr then stepped back and stood in the row. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stepped forward and led the prayer. When he finished the prayer, he said; Abu Bakr, what prevented you staying (at your place) when I already commented you to do so? Abu Bakr said ; it was not befitting for the son of Abu Quhafah (Abu Bakr) to lead the prayer in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said; What is the matter that I saw you clapping frequently during prayer? If anything happens to someone during prayer, he should say “Glory be to Allah,” for when he glorifies Allah. He pays attention to him. Clapping applies only to women. Abu Dawud said: This is operative in the obligatory prayer.

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَهَبَ إِلَى بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَحَانَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَجَاءَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَالَ أَتُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ فَأُقِيمَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَصَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فَتَخَلَّصَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ فِي الصَّفِّ فَصَفَّقَ النَّاسُ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لاَ يَلْتَفِتُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ التَّصْفِيقَ الْتَفَتَ فَرَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنِ امْكُثْ مَكَانَكَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَيْهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَتَّى اسْتَوَى فِي الصَّفِّ وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ إِذْ أَمَرْتُكَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَا كَانَ لاِبْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا لِي رَأَيْتُكُمْ أَكْثَرْتُمْ مِنَ التَّصْفِيحِ مَنْ نَابَهُ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلْيُسَبِّحْ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا سَبَّحَ الْتُفِتَ إِلَيْهِ وَإِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيحُ لِلنِّسَاءِ

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has been delayed (there) and the time for prayer has come, will you lead the people in prayer?" Abu Bakr said: 'Yes, if you wish.' Bilal said the Iqamah and Abu Bakr went forward and said the Takbir for the people. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came, passing through the rows (of praying people) and stood in the (first) row and the people started clapping. Abu Bakr would never glance sideways in his prayer but when the people clapped so much he looked back and ﷺMessenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him to carry on praying. Aha Bakr raised his hands praising Allah the Mighty and Sublime, and retreated till he reached the (first) row. Then the Messenger ofAllah ﷺ went forward and led the people in the prayer. When he completed the prayer he turned to face the people and said: '0 people, why did you start clapping when something unusual happened to you in the prayer? Clapping is only for women. So whoever among you comes across something in the prayer should say: 'Subhan Allah' for there is none who will not turn round when they hear him saying Subhan Allah. 0 Abu Bakr! What prevented you from leading the people in the prayer when I gestured to you to do so?' Abu Bakr replied: 'It is not fitting for the son of Abu Quhafah to lead the prayer in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.'"

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ شَىْءٌ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي أُنَاسٍ مَعَهُ فَحُبِسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَحَانَتِ الأُولَى فَجَاءَ بِلاَلٌ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ حُبِسَ وَقَدْ حَانَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَهَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تَؤُمَّ النَّاسَ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنْ شِئْتَ فَأَقَامَ بِلاَلٌ وَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَكَبَّرَ بِالنَّاسِ وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمْشِي فِي الصُّفُوفِ حَتَّى قَامَ فِي الصَّفِّ وَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ فِي التَّصْفِيقِ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لاَ يَلْتَفِتُ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ الْتَفَتَ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَيْهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ ﷻ وَرَجَعَ الْقَهْقَرَى وَرَاءَهُ حَتَّى قَامَ فِي الصَّفِّ فَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَا لَكُمْ حِينَ نَابَكُمْ شَىْءٌ فِي الصَّلاَةِ أَخَذْتُمْ فِي التَّصْفِيقِ إِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيقُ لِلنِّسَاءِ مَنْ نَابَهُ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلْيَقُلْ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَسْمَعُهُ أَحَدٌ حِينَ يَقُولُ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهِ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ لِلنَّاسِ حِينَ أَشَرْتُ إِلَيْكَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لاِبْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ

"There was some fighting among Banu 'Amr bin 'Awf, and news of that reached the Prophet ﷺ. He prayed Zuhr, then he went to them to reconcile between them. Then he said to Bilal: 'O Bilal, if the time for Asr comes and I have not come back, then tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.' When the time (for Asr) came, Bilal called the Adhan, then the Iqamah, then he said to Abu Bakr: 'Go forward. So Abu Bakr went forward and started to pray. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and started passing through the rows of people until he stood behind Abu Bakr, and the people clapped. Abu Bakr was such that whenever he started praying, he would never glance sideways, but when he noticed that the clapping persisted he turned around. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him to carry on praying. Abu Bakr praised Allah the Mighty and Sublime for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ having told him to continue. Then Abu Bakr moved backward on his heels, and when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw that, he came forward and led the people in prayer. When he completed the prayer he said: 'O Abu Bakr, when I gestured to you, what kept you from continuing (to lead the people)?' He said: 'It does not befit the son of Abu Quhafah to lead the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in prayer.' And he (the Prophet) said to the people: 'If you notice something (during the prayer), men should say Subhan Allah and women should clap.'"

سَهْلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ كَانَ قِتَالٌ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ ثُمَّ أَتَاهُمْ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِبِلاَلٍ يَا بِلاَلُ إِذَا حَضَرَ الْعَصْرُ وَلَمْ آتِ فَمُرْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْ أَذَّنَ بِلاَلٌ ثُمَّ أَقَامَ فَقَالَ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ تَقَدَّمْ فَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَدَخَلَ فِي الصَّلاَةِ ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَعَلَ يَشُقُّ النَّاسَ حَتَّى قَامَ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَصَفَّحَ الْقَوْمُ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلاَةِ لَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ التَّصْفِيحَ لاَ يُمْسَكُ عَنْهُ الْتَفَتَ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَدِهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ ﷻ عَلَى قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَهُ امْضِهْ ثُمَّ مَشَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَهْقَرَى عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ فَتَأَخَّرَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَقَدَّمَ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلاَتَهُ قَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ إِذْ أَوْمَأْتُ إِلَيْكَ أَنْ لاَ تَكُونَ مَضَيْتَ فَقَالَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لاِبْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يَؤُمَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ لِلنَّاسِ إِذَا نَابَكُمْ شَىْءٌ فَلْيُسَبِّحِ الرِّجَالُ وَلْيُصَفِّحِ النِّسَاءُ

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out to bring about reconciliation among Banu 'Amr bin 'Awf. The time for prayer came, and the Mu'adhdhin went to Abu Bakr to tell him to gather the people and lead them in prayer. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and passed though the rows until he stood in the first row. The people started clapping to let Abu Bakr know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had come. Abu Bakr never used to turn around when he prayed, but when they clapped consistently he realized something must have happened while they were praying. So he turned around and saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him to stay where he was. Abu Bakr raised his hands and praised and thanked Allah (SWT) for what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had said. Then, he moved backwards, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went forward and prayed. When he finished, he said to Abu Bakr: 'What stopped you from continuing to pray when I gestured to you?' Abu Bakr, may Allah (SWT) be pleased with him, said: 'It was not appropriate for the son of Abu Quhafah to lead the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in prayer.' Then he said to the people: 'Why did you clap?' Clapping is for women.' Then he said: 'If you notice something when you are praying, say "SubhanAllah.'"

انْطَلَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَجَاءَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ النَّاسَ وَيَؤُمَّهُمْ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَخَرَقَ الصُّفُوفَ حَتَّى قَامَ فِي الصَّفِّ الْمُقَدَّمِ وَصَفَّحَ النَّاسُ بِأَبِي بَكْرٍ لِيُؤْذِنُوهُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لاَ يَلْتَفِتُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرُوا عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ نَابَهُمْ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِهِمْ فَالْتَفَتَ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَىْ كَمَا أَنْتَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَيْهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ الْقَهْقَرَى وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ إِذْ أَوْمَأْتُ إِلَيْكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لاِبْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يَؤُمَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلنَّاسِ مَا بَالُكُمْ صَفَّحْتُمْ إِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيحُ لِلنِّسَاءِ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِذَا نَابَكُمْ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِكُمْ فَسَبِّحُوا

"Words were exchanged between two clans of the Ansar, to the point that they began to throw rocks at one another. The Prophet [SAW] went to reconcile between them. The time for prayer came, so Bilal called Adhan and waited for the Messenger of Allah [SAW], but he was delayed. He said the Iqamah and Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, went forward (to lead the prayer). Then the Prophet [SAW] came while Abu Bakr was leading the people in prayer, and when the people saw him they clapped. Abu Bakr would not turn around when he was praying, but when he heard them clapping, he turned around and saw the Messenger of Allah [SAW]. He wanted to step back but (the Prophet [SAW]) gestured to him to stay where he was. Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, raised his hands, then he moved backward and the Messenger of Allah [SAW] came forward and led (the rest of) the prayer. When the Messenger of Allah [SAW] finished praying, he said: 'What prevented you from staying where you were?' He said: 'I would not like Allah to see the son of Abu Quhafah standing in front of His Prophet.' Then he (the Prophet [SAW]) turned to the people and said: 'If you noticed something while you were praying, why did you clap? That is for women. Whoever notices something while he is praying, let him say: "Subhan Allah."

سَمِعْتُ سَهْلَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيَّ يَقُولُ وَقَعَ بَيْنَ حَيَّيْنِ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ كَلاَمٌ حَتَّى تَرَامَوْا بِالْحِجَارَةِ فَذَهَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَأَذَّنَ بِلاَلٌ وَانْتُظِرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاحْتُبِسَ فَأَقَامَ الصَّلاَةَ وَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ النَّاسُ صَفَّحُوا وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لاَ يَلْتَفِتُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ تَصْفِيحَهُمُ الْتَفَتَ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَأَخَّرَ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ أَنِ اثْبُتْ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ يَعْنِي يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ نَكَصَ الْقَهْقَرَى وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الصَّلاَةَ قَالَ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ قَالَ مَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَرَى ابْنَ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ نَبِيِّهِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالَ مَا لَكُمْ إِذَا نَابَكُمْ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِكُمْ صَفَّحْتُمْ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لِلنِّسَاءِ مَنْ نَابَهُ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلْيَقُلْ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ

ʿUmar bin al-Khattab ؓ sent for me, and whilst I was like that, his freed slave Yarfaʿ came and said: ‘Uthman, ʿAbdur-Rahman, Sa’d and az-Zubair bin al-ʿAwwam are here - (the narrator) said: I do not know whether he mentioned Talhah or not - and they are asking for permission to enter upon you. He said: Let them in. Then after a while, (Yarfaʿ) came and said: al-ʿAbbas and ‘Ali are asking permission to enter upon you. He said: Let them in. When alʿAbbas came in, he said: O Ameer al-Muʿmineen, judge between me and this one. They had a dispute at that time concerning the fai’ (booty) that Allah had granted to His Messenger of the wealth of Banun-Nadeer, The people said: Judge between them, O Ameer al-Muʿmineen, and relieve each one of his opponent, for their dispute has gone on too long. ‘Umar ؓ said: I adjure you by Allah, by Whose Leave heaven and earth exist, do you know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “We are not to be inherited from; what we leave behind is charityʿ? They said: He did say that. He said: I shall tell you about that faiʿ; Allah, may He be glorified and exalted, gave something exclusively to His Prophet ﷺ that He did not give to anyone else. And he quoted the verse: ʿAnd what Allah gave as booty (Fai’) to His Messenger (Muhammad ﷺ) from them - for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelryʿ [al Hashr 59:6]. He said: ʿThis was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and by Allah, he did not keep it to himself in exclusion of you and he did not prefer himself over you with regard to it. Rather he gave it to you and divided it among you until there was nothing left of it except this property. He spent on his familyʿs needs from this property for one year, then he took what was left and regarded it as the property of Allah. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, Abu Bakr said: ʿI am the successor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I shall deal with it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dealt with it. (Using translation from Aḥmad 425)

فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَهُ إِذْ جَاءَ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَدْخَلَهُمْ فَلَبِثَ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ جَاءَه فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلا قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا لَعَلِيٍّ وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي الصَّوَافِي الَّتِي أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحِ احَدَهُمَا مِنَ الآخَرِ قَالَ عُمَرُ اتَّئِدُوا أُنَاشِدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ؟ يُرِيدُ نَفْسَهُ قَالُوا قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَلَى الْعَبَّاسِ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ أَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُفِي هَذَا الْفَيْءِ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ {وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ} [الحشر 6] إِلَى {قَدِيرٌ} [الحشر 6] فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَاصَّةً لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَاللهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلا اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدِ أعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللهِ فَعَمِلَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَيَاتَهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَبَضَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ

[AI] On the authority of 'Amir, Abu 'Amir, or Abu Malik, that the Prophet ﷺ was sitting in a gathering with his companions when Gabriel came to him in a different form, appearing as a man from the Muslims. Gabriel greeted him and the Prophet ﷺ returned the greeting. Then Gabriel placed his hand on the Prophet's knee and asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to submit your face to Allah, to bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and messenger, to establish the prayer, give the obligatory charity (zakat)." Gabriel asked again, "So if I do this, have I become a Muslim?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." Then Gabriel asked, "What is faith?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to believe in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Divine Books, the prophets, life after death, heaven, hell, and fate, both its good and bad." Gabriel asked again, "So if I do this, have I believed?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." Then Gabriel asked, "What is excellence (ihsan), O Messenger of Allah?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you do not see Him, then truly He sees you." Gabriel asked again, "So if I do this, have I excelled?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." And we heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ return to him, but we could not see the one speaking to him, nor could we hear his words. The questioner asked, "O Messenger of Allah, when is the Hour?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Glory be to Allah, it has five signs which only Allah knows: Allah possesses knowledge of the Hour, He sends down rain, He knows what is in the wombs, no soul knows what it will earn tomorrow, and no soul knows in which land it will die. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted." (Surah Luqman, 34) The questioner then said, "O Messenger of Allah, if you wish, I can inform you of two signs that will precede it." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Inform me." The questioner said, "When you see a slave woman giving birth to her mistress, and when you see the barefooted, naked, impoverished shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings." The questioner asked, "And who are they, O Messenger of Allah?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "The Bedouins." Then he turned away, and when we did not see him on his way back, we said, "Glory be to Allah! This is Gabriel who came to teach the people their religion. The hand of Muhammad is in the hand of Gabriel, every time he came to him, I had not received any message except that I already knew it, except for this time."

عَنْ عَامِرٍ أَوْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ أَوْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فِيهِ أَصْحَابُهُ جَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي غَيْرِ صُورَتِهِ يَحْسِبُهُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ جِبْرِيلُ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ فَقَالَ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ وَجْهَكَ لِلَّهِ وَأَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَالْمَوْتِ وَالْحَيَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْحِسَابِ وَالْمِيزَانِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ آمَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَا تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَنَسْمَعُ رَجْعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا يُرَى الَّذِي يُكَلِّمُهُ وَلَا يُسْمَعُ كَلَامُهُ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا اللهُ ﷻ {إِنَّ اللهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} [لقمان 34] فَقَالَ السَّائِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ شِئْتَ حَدَّثْتُكَ بِعَلَامَتَيْنِ تَكُونَانِ قَبْلَهَا؟ فَقَالَ حَدِّثْنِي فَقَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْأَمَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّهَا وَيَطُولُ أَهْلُ الْبُنْيَانِبِالْبُنْيَانِ وَعَادَ الْعَالَةُ الْحُفَاةُ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ قَالَ وَمَنْ أُولَئِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ الْعَرِيبُ قَالَ ثُمَّ وَلَّى فَلَمَّا لَمْ نَرَ طَرِيقَهُ بَعْدُ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ ثَلَاثًا هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا جَاءَنِي قَطُّ إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْمَرَّةُ

[AI] Narrated by 'Amir or Abu 'Amir, Abu Malik, that the Prophet ﷺ was sitting in a gathering with his companions when Jibril came to him in a form other than his usual shape and saluted him. The Prophet ﷺ returned the greeting and then Jibril placed his hand on the Prophet's knee and said, "O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?" He replied, "To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayer, to give the Zakat, to perform Hajj, and to fast in Ramadan." Jibril then asked him, "You have spoken the truth, so what is Iman (faith)?" He replied, "To believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in predestination and that every good and bad is from Allah." Jibril asked again, "You have spoken the truth, so what is Ihsan (perfection)?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you cannot achieve this state of devotion, then be aware that He sees you." Jibril continued to ask the Prophet ﷺ about the signs of the Day of Judgment until he asked, "When will the Hour be?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "The one being asked does not know more than the one asking. But I will inform you of its signs. When you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in the construction of tall buildings, that will be one of its signs. And when you see the hunched-backed, barefoot uncivilized Bedouins competing in building great structures, that will be one of its signs." Then he (Jibril) left. The Prophet ﷺ kept silent for a while and then said, "O Abu Huraira, did you mark or memorize everything?" I said, "O Messenger of Allah, even I cannot memorize all this." Then Allah's Messenger ﷺ passed his hand over my chest and I felt its coolness in my chest, and I knew all that he had said.

عَنْ عَامِرٍ أَوْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ أَبِي مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فِيهِ أَصْحَابُهُ جَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي غَيْرِ صُورَتِهِ يَحْسِبُهُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ جِبْرِيلُ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ وَجْهَكَ لِلَّهِ وَتَشْهَدَ أَنْلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَالْمَوْتِ وَالْحَيَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْحِسَابِ وَالْمِيزَانِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ آمَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَا تَرَاهُ فَهُوَ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَيَسْمَعُ رَجْعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا يَرَى الَّذِي يُكَلِّمُهُ وَلَا يَسْمَعُ كَلَامَهُ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا اللهُ {إِنَّ اللهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} [لقمان 34] قَالَ السَّائِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ شِئْتَ حَدَّثْتُكَ بِعَلَامَتَيْنِ تَكُونَانِ قَبْلَهَا فَقَالَ حَدِّثْنِي فَقَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْأَمَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّهَا وَيَطُولُ أَهْلُ الْبُنْيَانِ بِالْبُنْيَانِ وَكَانَ الْعَالَةُ الْحُفَاةُ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ قَالَ وَمَنْ أُولَئِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ الْعَرِيبُ قَالَ ثُمَّ وَلَّى فَلَمْ يُرَ طَرِيقُهُ بَعْدُ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ ثَلَاثًا جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا جَاءَ لِي قَطُّ إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْمَرَّةُ

[AI] Among a group of the Ansar, there was an issue, so the Messenger of Allahﷺ went to them to reconcile between them. As the prayer time approached, Bilal came to Abu Bakr and said, "O Abu Bakr, the prayer has approached and the Messenger of Allahﷺ is not here. Shall I give the call to prayer and establish the prayer?" Abu Bakr replied, "Do as you please." So Abu Bakr came forward and led the prayer. Then the Messenger of Allahﷺ arrived and greeted the people with Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr stepped back, and the Messenger of Allahﷺ motioned to him, "Where are you?" Then Abu Bakr stepped back and the Messenger of Allahﷺ came forward and prayed. After completing the prayer, he said to Abu Bakr, "O Abu Bakr, what prevented you from leading the prayer?" Abu Bakr replied, "It was not appropriate for the son of Abu Quhafa to lead the prayer before the Messenger of Allahﷺ." The Messenger of Allahﷺ said, "Then why did you shake hands?" They replied, "We did it to inform Abu Bakr." He said, "Greeting is for women, while glorification is for men."

كَانَ بَيْنَ نَاسٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ شَيْءٌ فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَجَاءَ بِلَالٌ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَدْ حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَلَيْسَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَاهُنَا فَأُؤَذِّنُ وَأُقِيمُ فَتَقَدَّمَ وَتُصَلِّيَ قَالَ مَا شِئْتَ فَافْعَلْ فَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَاسْتَفْتَحَ الصَّلَاةَ وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَصَفَّحَ النَّاسُ بِأَبِي بَكْرٍ فَذَهَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَتَنَحَّى فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيْ مَكَانَكَ فَتَأَخَّرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى فَلَمَّا قَضَى الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ؟ قَالَ مَا كَانَ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ أَمَامَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَأَنْتُمْ لِمَ صَفَّحْتُمْ؟ قَالُوا لِنُعْلِمَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَالَ إِنَّ التَّصْفِيحَ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَالتَّسْبِيحَ لِلرِّجَالِ

"There was some fighting among Banu 'Amr bin 'Awf, and news of that reached the Prophet ﷺ. He prayed Zuhr, then he went to them to reconcile between them. Then he said to Bilal: 'O Bilal, if the time for Asr comes and I have not come back, then tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.' When the time (for Asr) came, Bilal called the Adhan, then the Iqamah, then he said to Abu Bakr: 'Go forward. So Abu Bakr went forward and started to pray. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and started passing through the rows of people until he stood behind Abu Bakr, and the people clapped. Abu Bakr was such that whenever he started praying, he would never glance sideways, but when he noticed that the clapping persisted he turned around. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him to carry on praying. Abu Bakr praised Allah the Mighty and Sublime for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ having told him to continue. Then Abu Bakr moved backward on his heels, and when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw that, he came forward and led the people in prayer. When he completed the prayer he said: 'O Abu Bakr, when I gestured to you, what kept you from continuing (to lead the people)?' He said: 'It does not befit the son of Abu Quhafah to lead the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in prayer.' And he (the Prophet) said to the people: 'If you notice something (during the prayer), men should say Subhan Allah and women should clap.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 793)

كَانَ قِتَالٌ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَبَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَتَاهُمْ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَقَالَ يَا بِلَالُ إِنْ حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَلَمْ آتِ فَمُرْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الْعَصْرُ أَقَامَ بِلَالٌ الصَّلَاةَ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَتَقَدَّمَ بِهِمْ وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَعْدَمَا دَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ صَفَّحُوا وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَشُقُّ النَّاسَ حَتَّى قَامَ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ لَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ فَلَمَّا رَأَى التَّصْفِيحَ لَا يُمْسَكُ عَنْهُ فَالْتَفَتَ فَرَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَلْفَهُ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِيَدِهِ أَنْ امْضِهْ فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ هُنَيْهَةً فَحَمِدَ اللهَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ مَشَى الْقَهْقَرَى قَالَ فَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ إِذْ أَوْمَأْتُ إِلَيْكَ أَنْ لَا تَكُونَ مَضَيْتَ؟ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يَؤُمَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لِلنَّاسِ إِذَا نَابَكُمْ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ شَيْءٌ فَلْيُسَبِّحِ الرِّجَالُ وَلْيُصَفِّحِ النِّسَاءُ

"There was some fighting among Banu 'Amr bin 'Awf, and news of that reached the Prophet ﷺ. He prayed Zuhr, then he went to them to reconcile between them. Then he said to Bilal: 'O Bilal, if the time for Asr comes and I have not come back, then tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.' When the time (for Asr) came, Bilal called the Adhan, then the Iqamah, then he said to Abu Bakr: 'Go forward. So Abu Bakr went forward and started to pray. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and started passing through the rows of people until he stood behind Abu Bakr, and the people clapped. Abu Bakr was such that whenever he started praying, he would never glance sideways, but when he noticed that the clapping persisted he turned around. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him to carry on praying. Abu Bakr praised Allah the Mighty and Sublime for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ having told him to continue. Then Abu Bakr moved backward on his heels, and when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw that, he came forward and led the people in prayer. When he completed the prayer he said: 'O Abu Bakr, when I gestured to you, what kept you from continuing (to lead the people)?' He said: 'It does not befit the son of Abu Quhafah to lead the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in prayer.' And he (the Prophet) said to the people: 'If you notice something (during the prayer), men should say Subhan Allah and women should clap.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 793)

كَانَ قِتَالٌ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ فَأَتَاهُمْ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَقَالَ لِبِلَالٍ إِنْ حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَلَمْ آتِ فَمُرْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَذَّنَ ثُمَّ أَقَامَ فَأَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَتَقَدَّمَ فَلَمَّا تَقَدَّمَ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ صَفَّحَ النَّاسُ قَالَ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ لَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ قَالَ فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ لَا يُمْسِكُونَ الْتَفَتَ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ بِيَدِهِ أَنْ امْضِهْ قَالَ فَرَجَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَهْقَرَى قَالَ وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ إِذْ أَوْمَأْتُ إِلَيْكَ أَنْ تَمْضِيَ فِي صَلَاتِكَ؟ قَالَ فَقَالَ مَا كَانَ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يَؤُمَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِذَا نَابَكُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ شَيْءٌ فَلْيُسَبِّحِ الرِّجَالُ وَلْيُصَفِّقِ النِّسَاءُ

[AI] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to the Banu Amr ibn Awf in a dispute between them to reconcile them. The Asr prayer time arrived, and Bilal said to Abu Bakr, "Should I establish the prayer and lead the people?" Abu Bakr replied, "Yes," so Bilal called the people to prayer. Abu Bakr advanced to lead the people in prayer, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came breaking the rows, shaking hands with the people. Abu Bakr hardly turned in the prayer, but when the people increased in turning, Abu Bakr turned as well. Then he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ breaking the rows, so Abu Bakr stepped back and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ motioned to him to stay in his place. Abu Bakr stepped back, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led the prayer with them. After finishing the prayer, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Abu Bakr, "O Abu Bakr, why did you not stand up when I motioned to you?" Abu Bakr replied, "It was not fitting for the son of Abu Quhafah to lead the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in prayer." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "What is wrong with you that when something comes to you, you turn? Say the tasbih (glorification of Allah); indeed, tasbih is for women."

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَتَى بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ فِي لِحَاءٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَحَضَرَتْ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ فَقَالَ بِلَالٌ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ أُقِيمُ وَتُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ نَعَمْ فَأَقَامَ بِلَالٌ وَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِيُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَخْرِقُ الصُّفُوفَ فَصَفَّحَ الْقَوْمُ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَا يَكَادُ يَلْتَفِتُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرُوا الْتَفَتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَخْرِقُ الصُّفُوفَ فَتَأَخَّرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ مَكَانَكَ فَتَأَخَّرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا بَالُكَ إِذْ أَوْمَأْتُ إِلَيْكَ لَمْ تَقُمْ؟ قَالَ مَا كَانَ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يَؤُمَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا لَكُمْ إِذَا نَابَكُمْ أَمْرٌ صَفَّحْتُمْ سَبِّحُوا؛ فَإِنَّ التَّصْفِيحَ لِلنِّسَاءِ

[AI] On the authority of Sahl ibn Saad al-Saadi, companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to us and said, "Verily, the Banu Amr ibn Auf have fought and pelted each other with stones." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to them to reconcile between them, and it was time for prayer. Bilal came to Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and said, "Shall I establish the prayer and call the prayer?" Abu Bakr replied, "Yes." So Bilal established the prayer, and Abu Bakr went forward. When he entered the prayer and the people lined up behind him, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came from where he had gone and started passing through the rows until he reached the first row. Then he stopped and caused the people to clap their hands to get Abu Bakr's attention, so they could give him permission to give the call to prayer for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Abu Bakr did not turn during the prayer, but when they persisted in clapping, he did turn and found the Messenger of Allah ﷺ behind him with the people. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to Abu Bakr to remain standing, then he raised his hands as if he was supplicating, then he delayed the recitation of Surah Al-Qaari'ah until he arrived. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went ahead and led the people in prayer. When he finished his prayer, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "What is the matter with you, and why did you start clapping? When something happens to one of you in your prayer, let him say 'Subhan Allah,' for indeed, glorification is for men and clapping is for women." Then he said to Abu Bakr, "Why did you raise your hands? What prevented you from remaining still when I gestured to you?" Abu Bakr replied, "I raised my hands because I praised you for what I saw of you, and it was not appropriate for Ibn Abi Quhafah to lead the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in prayer."

عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ آتٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ قَدْ اقْتَتَلُوا وَتَرَامَوْا بِالْحِجَارَةِ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَحَانَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَجَاءَ بِلَالٌ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ فَقَالَ أَتُصَلِّي فَأُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَأَقَامَ بِلَالٌ الصَّلَاةَ وَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَصَفَّ النَّاسُ وَرَاءَهُ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ حَيْثُ ذَهَبَ فَجَعَلَ يَتَخَلَّلُ الصُّفُوفَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الصَّفَّالْأَوَّلَ ثُمَّ وَقَفَ وَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ يُصَفِّقُونَ لِيُؤْذِنُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرُوا عَلَيْهِ الْتَفَتَ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ خَلْفَهُ مَعَ النَّاسِ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ اثْبُتْ فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ كَأَنَّهُ يَدْعُو ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ الْقَهْقَرَى حَتَّى جَاءَ الصَّفَّ فَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا بَالُكُمْ وَنَابَكُمْ شَيْءٌ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ فَجَعَلْتُمْ تُصَفِّقُونَ؟ إِذَا نَابَ أَحَدَكُمْ شَيْءٌ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيُسَبِّحِ فَإِنَّمَا التَّسْبِيحُ لِلرِّجَالِ وَالتَّصْفِيقُ لِلنِّسَاءِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ لِمَ رَفَعْتَ يَدَيْكَ؟ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ حِينَ أَشَرْتُ إِلَيْكَ؟ قَالَ رَفَعْتُ يَدَيَّ؛ لِأَنِّي حَمِدْتُ عَلَى مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْكَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَنْبَغِي لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يَؤُمَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was confined to bed, Bilal came to him to summon him to prayer. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Ask Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer. She ('A'isha) reported: I said: Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr is a tenderhearted man, when he would stand at your place (he would be so overwhelmed by feelings) that he would not be able to make the people hear anything (his recitation would not be audible to the followers in prayer). You should better order Umar (to lead the prayer). He (the Holy Prophet) said: Ask Abu Bakr to lead people in prayer. She ('A'isha) said: I asked Hafsa to (convey) my impression to him (the Holy Prophet) that Abu Bakr was a tenderhearted man, so when he would stand at his place, he would not be able to make the people bear anything. He better order Umar. Hafsa conveyed this (message of Hadrat 'A'isha) to him (the Holy Prophet). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: (You are behaving) as if you are the females who had gathered around Yusuf. Order Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer. She ('A'isha) reported: So Abu Bakr was ordered to lead the people in prayer. As the prayer began, the Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon him) felt some relief; he got up and moved supported by two persons and his feet dragged on earth (due to excessive weakness). 'A'isha reported: As he (the Holy Prophet) entered the mosque. Abu Bakr perceived his (arrival). He was about to withdraw, but the Messenger of Allah ﷺ by the gesture (of his hand) told him to keep standing at his place. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and seated himself on the left side of Abu Bakr. She ('A'isha) reported: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was leading people in prayer sitting. Abu Bakr was following the prayer of the Apostle ﷺ in a standing posture and the people were following the prayer of Abu Bakr. (Using translation from Muslim 418f)

لَمَّا ثَقُلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَاءَ بِلَالٌ يُؤْذِنُهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَجُلٌ أَسِيفٌ وَإِنَّهُ مَتَى يَقُومُ مَقَامَكَ لَا يُسْمِعُ النَّاسَ فَلَوْ أَمَرْتَ عُمَرَ؟ فَقَالَ مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ لِحَفْصَةَ قُولِي لَهُ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ حَفْصَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَجُلٌ أَسِيفٌ وَإِنَّهُ مَتَى يَقُومُ مَقَامَكَ لَا يُسْمِعُ النَّاسَ فَلَوْ أَمَرْتَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ إِنَّكُنَّ لَأَنْتُنَّ صَوَاحِبُ يُوسُفَ مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ قَالَتْ فَأَمَرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ خِفَّةً فَقَالَتْ فَقَامَ يُهَادَى بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ وَرِجْلَاهُ تَخُطَّانِ فِي الْأَرْضِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حِسَّهُ ذَهَبَ لِيَتَأَخَّرَ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ قُمْ كَمَا أَنْتَ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى جَلَسَ عَنْ يَسَارِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ قَاعِدًا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَائِمًايَقْتَدِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ يَقْتَدُونَ بِصَلَاةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ

[AI] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: When any one of you is afflicted with a calamity, let him say: "Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un. O Allah, I seek reward with You for my calamity, and replace it with something better." When Abu Salamah was in his death throes, he said: "O Allah, compensate me for my loss with something better." When he died, I said: "Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un. O Allah, I seek reward with You for my calamity, and replace it with something better." She added: "I wanted to say: Replace it for me with something better than him, but I could not say that. When her waiting period was over, Abu Bakr proposed marriage to her, then 'Umar proposed marriage to her, but the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said to her: "Do not be hasty, O 'Umar. I will not withhold her from you, but I have not conferred a blessing upon her yet. Her children will be given to you." She said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have no need for children; rather I want to uphold the ties of kinship." 'Umar said: "I knitted together two garments for her, and stuffed them with a kind of grass, then the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , came and took her, and put her in her cradle in his room, and the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , was a modest and honorable man, and he would shy away from her, but he used to do that repeatedly." Then 'Ammar ibn Yasir, who was her foster brother through her mother, came and entered upon her, and he moved her cradle from his room and said: "Take away this tainted woman who was the cause of the harm caused to the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ ." The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , came in and put his hand on his forehead, and said: "Where is Zainab? What has Zainab done?" She said: "Ammar came and took her away." He said: "Then he married her to his own cousin and kin."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَصَابَ أَحَدَكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ فَلْيَقُلْ إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ عِنْدَكَ أَحْتَسِبُ مُصِيبَتِي فَأْجُرْنِي فِيهَا وَأَبْدِلْنِيمَا هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْهَا فَلَمَّا احْتُضِرَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ قَالَ اللهُمَّ اخْلُفْنِي فِي أَهْلِي بِخَيْرٍ فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ قُلْتُ إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ اللهُمَّ عِنْدَكَ أَحْتَسِبُ مُصِيبَتِي فَأْجُرْنِي فِيهَا قَالَتْ وَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَقُولَ وَأَبْدِلْنِي خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَقُلْتُ وَمَنْ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ فَمَا زِلْتُ حَتَّى قُلْتُهَا فَلَمَّا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا خَطَبَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَرَدَّتْهُ ثُمَّ خَطَبَهَا عُمَرُ فَرَدَّتْهُ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ مَرْحَبًا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَبِرَسُولِهِ أَخْبِرْ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَنِّي امْرَأَةٌ غَيْرَى وَأَنِّي مُصْبِيَةٌ وَأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَوْلِيَائِي شَاهِدًا فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَّا قَوْلُكِ إِنِّي مُصْبِيَةٌ فَإِنَّ اللهَ سَيَكْفِيكِ صِبْيَانَكِ وَأَمَّا قَوْلُكِ إِنِّي غَيْرَى فَسَأَدْعُو اللهَ أَنْ يُذْهِبَ غَيْرَتَكِ وَأَمَّا الْأَوْلِيَاءُ فَلَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ شَاهِدٌ وَلَا غَائِبٌ إِلَّا سَيَرْضَانِي قُلْتُ يَا عُمَرُ قُمْ فَزَوِّجْ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَا إِنِّي لَا أَنْقُصُكِ شَيْئًا مِمَّا أَعْطَيْتُ أُخْتَكِ فُلَانَةَ رَحَيَيْنِ وَجَرَّتَيْنِ وَوِسَادَةً مِنْ أَدَمٍ حَشْوُهَا لِيفٌ قَالَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَأْتِيهَا فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَخَذَتْ زَيْنَبَ فَوَضَعَتْهَا فِي حِجْرِهَا لِتُرْضِعَهَا وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَيِيًّا كَرِيمًا يَسْتَحْيِي فَيَرْجِعُ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِرَارًا فَفَطِنَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ لِمَا تَصْنَعُ فَأَقْبَلَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَجَاءَ عَمَّارٌ وَكَانَ أَخَاهَا لِأُمِّهَا فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَافَانْتَشَطَهَا مِنْ حِجْرِهَا وَقَالَ دَعِي هَذِهِ الْمَقْبُوحَةَ الْمَشْقُوحَةَ الَّتِي آذَيْتِ بِهَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَدَخَلَ فَجَعَلَ يُقَلِّبُ بَصَرَهُ فِي الْبَيْتِ وَيَقُولُ أَيْنَ زَنَابُ؟ مَا فَعَلَتْ زَنَابُ؟ قَالَتْ جَاءَ عَمَّارٌ فَذَهَبَ بِهَا قَالَ فَبَنَى بِأَهْلِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنْ شِئْتِ أَنْ أُسَبِّعَ لَكِ سَبَّعْتُ لِلنِّسَاءِ

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu Hazim Salama ibn Dinar from Sahl ibn Said as-Saidi that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to the tribe of Bani Amr ibn Awf to settle their disputes .The time for the prayer came and the muadhdhin came to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and said, "Could you lead the people in prayer and I will say the iqama?" He said, "Yes," and Abu Bakr prayed. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came back while the people were praying, and approached and joined the row. People clapped, but Abu Bakr did not turn round. The people increased their clapping, and Abu Bakr turned round and saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ indicated to him to stay in his place. Abu Bakr raised his hands and praised Allah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had told him to do that. Then he drew back until he was in the row, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stepped forward and led the prayer. When he had finished he said, "Abu Bakr, what stopped you from staying put like I told you?" Abu Bakr said, "It is not for Ibn Abi Quhafa to pray in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Why did I see you all clapping so much? If something happens to you in the prayer you should say 'Subhana-llah' (Glory be to Allah), and when you say 'Subhana-llah' you will be heard. Clapping is only for women."

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَهَبَ إِلَى بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَحَانَتِ الصَّلاَةُ فَجَاءَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ فَقَالَ أَتُصَلِّي لِلنَّاسِ فَأُقِيمَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَصَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ فَتَخَلَّصَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ فِي الصَّفِّ فَصَفَّقَ النَّاسُ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لاَ يَلْتَفِتُ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ مِنَ التَّصْفِيقِ الْتَفَتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَرَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنِ امْكُثْ مَكَانَكَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَيْهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ حَتَّى اسْتَوَى فِي الصَّفِّ وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ إِذْ أَمَرْتُكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَا كَانَ لاِبْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا لِي رَأَيْتُكُمْ أَكْثَرْتُمْ مِنَ التَّصْفِيحِ مَنْ نَابَهُ شَىْءٌ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلْيُسَبِّحْ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا سَبَّحَ الْتُفِتَ إِلَيْهِ وَإِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيحُ لِلنِّسَاءِ

[AI] Mu'adh ibn Jabal was among the best people in appearance, best in manners, and most forgiving. He was very religious, so his debts became heavy on him until he secluded himself from people for several days in his house. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ wanted to pay off his debts, so he sent a messenger to Mu'adh to summon him. Mu'adh came with his creditors and they said, "O Messenger of Allah, take our rights from him." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "May Allah have mercy on those who give charity to others." Some people gave their rights up, while others refused. They said, "O Messenger of Allah, take our rights from him." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Be patient with them, O Mu'adh, and you have no other option." Mu'adh then went to Banu Salamah, and someone said to him, "O Abu Abdur Rahman, if you had asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , you would not have become destitute today." Mu'adh replied, "I would not have asked him." He remained there for some time until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called him and sent him to Yemen, saying, "Perhaps Allah will relieve you of your debt and fulfill it for you." Mu'adh went to Yemen and remained there until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away. During the year in which Umar ibn al-Khattab performed Hajj, he assigned Mu'adh as his deputy for Hajj. They met on the day of Tarwiyah and embraced Islam. Each of them comforted the other with the companionship of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Then they went to the ground and conversed. Umar saw young boys with Mu'adh and asked, "Who are these?" Then he mentioned the words that have been omitted from the summary due to their weakness.

كَانَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ وَجْهًا وَأَحْسَنِهُمْ خُلُقًا وَأَسْمَحِهِمْ كَفَافًا دَانَ دَيْنًا كَثِيرًا فَلَزِمَهُ غُرَمَاؤُهُ حَتَّى تَغَيَّبَ عَنْهُمْ أَيَّامًا فِي بَيْتِهِ حَتَّى اسْتَعْدَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ غُرَمَاؤُهُ فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى مُعَاذٍ يَدْعُوهُ فَجَاءَ وَمَعَهُ غُرَمَاؤُهُ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ خُذْ لَنَا حَقَّنَا مِنْهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «رَحِمَ اللَّهُ مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِ» فَتَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِ نَاسٌ وَأَبَى آخَرُونَ وَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ خُذْ لَنَا بِحَقِّنَا مِنْهُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «اصْبِرْ لَهُمْ يَا مُعَاذُ» قَالَ فَخَلَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى غُرَمَائِهِ فَاقْتَسَمُوهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَصَابَهُمْ خَمْسَةُ أَسْبَاعِ حُقُوقِهِمْ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِعْهُ لَنَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «خَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ فَلَيْسَ لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِ سَبِيلٌ» فَانْصَرَفَ مُعَاذٌ إِلَى بَنِي سَلَمَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَائِلٌ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ لَوْ سَأَلْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَدْ أَصْبَحْتَ الْيَوْمَ مُعْدِمًا فَقَالَ مَا كُنْتُ لِأَسْأَلَهُ قَالَ فَمَكَثَ أَيَّامًا ثُمَّ دَعَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَبَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ وَقَالَ «لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَجْبُرَكَ وَيُؤَدِّيَ عَنْكَ دَيْنَكَ» قَالَ فَخَرَجَ مُعَاذٌ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهَا حَتَّى تُوُفِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَوَافَى السَّنَةَ الَّتِي حَجَّ فِيهَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مَكَّةَ فَاسْتَعْمَلَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى الْحَجِّ فَالْتَقَيَا يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ بِهَا فَاعْتَنَقَا وَعَزَّى كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ أَخْلَدَا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ يَتَحَدَّثَانِ فَرَأَى عُمَرُ عِنْدَ مُعَاذٍ غِلْمَانًا فَقَالَ مَا هَؤُلَاءِ؟ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْأَحْرُفَ الَّتِي ذَكَرْتُهَا فِيمَا تَقَدَّمَحذفه الذهبي من التلخيص لضعفه

[AI] He informed him that 'Utban ibn Malik, who was from the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and had participated in the Battle of Badr among the Ansar, came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I have lost my eyesight, but I still pray for my people. When it rains, the valley between me and the mosque floods, and I cannot go to their mosque to pray for them. I wish that you, O Messenger of Allah, would come and pray in my house and make it a place of worship." The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "I will do that." The next day, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and Abu Bakr As-Siddiq entered the house when the day had brightened. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sought permission, and I granted him permission. He did not sit down until he entered the house, and then he said, "Where would you like me to pray in your house?" I pointed to a corner of the house. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) stood up, said the Takbir, and we stood behind him. He prayed two Rak'ahs and then said the Salam. We detained him in a corner which we made for him. Some men from the people of the house surrounded him until a large number of men gathered in the house. One of them said, "Where is Malik ibn Dukhshun?" Some of them said, "He is a hypocrite and does not love Allah and His Messenger." The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to them, "Do not say that to him. Do you not see that he has said, 'There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah,' seeking the Face of Allah with that?" They said, "Allah and His Messenger know best. We only see his face and his advice to the hypocrites." The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "Indeed, Allah, the Most Exalted and High, has forbidden the Fire for whoever says, 'There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah,' seeking the Face of Allah with it."

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عِتْبَانَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ وَهُوَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَنْكَرْتُ بَصَرِي وَأَنَا أُصَلِّي لِقَوْمِي وَإِذَا كَانَ الْأَمْطَارُ سَالَ الْوَادِي الَّذِي بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ وَلَمْ أَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ آتِيَ مَسْجِدَهُمْ فَأُصَلِّيَ لَهُمْ وَدِدْتُ أَنَّكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تَأْتِي فَتُصَلِّي فِي بَيْتِي أَتَّخِذُهُ مُصَلًّى قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «سَأَفْعَلُ» قَالَ عِتْبَانُ فَغَدَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ حِينَ ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَذِنْتُ لَهُ فَلَمْ يَجْلِسْ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ ثُمَّ قَالَ «أَيْنَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ مِنْ بَيْتِكَ؟ » قَالَ فَأَشَرْتُ إِلَى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَبَّرَ وَقُمْنَا وَرَاءَهُ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ قَالَ وَحَبَسْنَاهُ عَلَى خَزِيرَةٍ صَنَعْنَاهَا لَهُ قَالَ فَثَابَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الدَّارِ حَوْلَهُ حَتَّى اجْتَمَعَ فِي الْبَيْتِ رِجَالٌ ذَوُو عَدَدٍ قَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَيْنَ مَالِكُ بْنُ الدُّخْشُنِ؟ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ ذَاكَ مُنَافِقٌ وَلَا يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «لَا تَقُلْ لَهُ ذَلِكَ أَلَا تَرَاهُ قَدْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ؟ » قَالُوا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ إِنَّمَا نَرَى وَجْهَهُ وَنَصِيحَتَهُ لِلْمُنَافِقِينَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَلَا حَرَّمَ عَلَى النَّارِ مَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ يَبْتَغِي بِهِ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ»

"I entered upon Aisha and said: 'Will you not tell me about the sickness of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?' She said: 'When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, became seriously ill, he said: "Have the people prayed?" We said: "No, they are waiting for you, 0 Messenger of Allah ﷺ" He said: "Put some water in a tub for me." We did that and he performed Ghusl, then he tried to get up but he fainted. Then he came to us and said: "Have the people prayed?" We said: "No, they are waiting for you, 0 Messenger of Allah ﷺ." He said: "Put some water in a tub for me." We did that and he performed Ghusl, then he tried to get up but he fainted. Then for the third time he said the same thing. She said: The people were in the Masjid, waiting for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to lead the prayer. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent word to Abu Bakr, telling him to lead the people in prayer, so the messenger came to him and said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ is telling you to lead the people in prayer." Abu Bakr was a tenderhearted man, he said: "0 'Umar. lead the in prayer." But ('Umar) said: "You have more right to that." So Abu Bakr led them in prayer during those days. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ felt a little better, he came with the help of two men, one of whom was Al-'Abbas, to pray Zuhr. When Abu Bakr saw him, he wanted to step back, but the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him not to step back. He told them (the two men) to seat him beside Abu Bakr, and Abu Bakr started to pray standing. The people were following the prayer of Abu Bakr and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was praying sitting."' "I ('Ubaidullah) entered upon Ibn Abbas and said 'Shall I not tell you what Aisha narrated to me about the sickness of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?' He said: 'Yes.' So I told him and he did not deny any of it, but he said: 'Did she tell you the name of the man who was with Al-'Abbas?' I said: 'No.' He said: 'That was Ali, may Allah honor his face."' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 834)

دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَقُلْتُ لَهَا أَلَا تُحَدِّثِينِي عَنْ مَرَضِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَتْ بَلَى ثَقُلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «أَصَلَّى النَّاسُ؟ » فَقُلْتُ لَا هُمْ يَنْتَظِرُونَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ «ضَعُوا لِي مَاءً فِي الْمِخْضَبِ» قَالَتْ فَفَعَلْنَا فَاغْتَسَلَ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ لِيَنْوِيَ فَأُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَفَاقَ فَقَالَ «أَصَلَّى النَّاسُ؟ » فَقُلْتُ لَا هُمْ يَنْتَظِرُونَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَالنَّاسُ عُكُوفٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ يَنْتَظِرُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِصَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ قَالَتْ فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ أَنْ صَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ فَأَتَاهُ الرَّسُولُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا رَقِيقًا يَا عُمَرُ صَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ أَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ تِلْكَ الْأَيَّامَ قَالَتْ ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَجَدَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ خِفَّةً فَخَرَجَ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ لِصَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ قَالَتْ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ذَهَبَ لِيَتَأَخَّرَ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَتَأَخَّرَ وَقَالَ لَهُمَا «أَجْلِسَانِي إِلَى جَنْبِهِ» فَأَجْلَسَاهُ إِلَى جَنْبِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَجَعَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُصَلِّي وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ بِصَلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلَاةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَاعِدٌ قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَقُلْتُ أَلَا أَعْرِضُ عَلَيْكَ مَا حَدَّثَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ عَنْ مَرَضِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ هَاتِ فَعَرَضْتُ حَدِيثَهَا عَلَيْهِ فَمَا أَنْكَرَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to Banu ‘Amr b. ‘Awf to effect reconciliation between them . in the meantime the time of prayer came and the Mu’adhdhin came to Abu Bakr and asked : Will you lead the people in prayer? I pronounce the Iqamah. He said ; Yes. So Abiu Bakr led the prayer , and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came back while the people were praying. He penetrated through the rows and stood in the first row. The people clapped but Abu Bakr did not pay any attention to it during prayer. When the people clapped increasingly, he paid attention. He saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a sign to him (saying); Stay at your place. Abu BAkr raised his hands and praised Allah for the commandment the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had given him (to lead the people in prayer). Abu Bakr then stepped back and stood in the row. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stepped forward and led the prayer. When he finished the prayer, he said; Abu Bakr, what prevented you staying (at your place) when I already commented you to do so? Abu Bakr said ; it was not befitting for the son of Abu Quhafah (Abu Bakr) to lead the prayer in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said; What is the matter that I saw you clapping frequently during prayer? If anything happens to someone during prayer, he should say “Glory be to Allah,” for when he glorifies Allah. He pays attention to him. Clapping applies only to women. Abu Dawud said: This is operative in the obligatory prayer. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 940)

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَهَبَ إِلَى بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَحَانَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَجَاءَ بِلَالٌ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ فَقَالَ أَتُصَلِّي لِلنَّاسِ فَأُقِيمَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَصَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَتَخَلَّصَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ فِي الصَّفِّ فَصَفَّقَ النَّاسُ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ التَّصْفِيقَ الْتَفَتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَرَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنِ اثْبُتْ مَكَانَكَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَيْهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى عَلَى مَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَتَّى اسْتَوَى فِي الصَّفِّ وَتَقَدَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ «يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَلْبَثَ إِذْ أَمَرْتُكَ؟ » فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَا كَانَ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَا لِي رَأَيْتُكُمْ أَكْثَرْتُمُ التَّصْفِيقَ؟ مَنْ نَابَهُ شَيْءٌ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيُسَبِّحْ فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ سَبَّحَ الْتُفِتَ إِلَيْهِ وَإِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيقُ لِلنِّسَاءِ»

"There was some fighting among Banu 'Amr bin 'Awf, and news of that reached the Prophet ﷺ. He prayed Zuhr, then he went to them to reconcile between them. Then he said to Bilal: 'O Bilal, if the time for Asr comes and I have not come back, then tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.' When the time (for Asr) came, Bilal called the Adhan, then the Iqamah, then he said to Abu Bakr: 'Go forward. So Abu Bakr went forward and started to pray. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and started passing through the rows of people until he stood behind Abu Bakr, and the people clapped. Abu Bakr was such that whenever he started praying, he would never glance sideways, but when he noticed that the clapping persisted he turned around. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him to carry on praying. Abu Bakr praised Allah the Mighty and Sublime for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ having told him to continue. Then Abu Bakr moved backward on his heels, and when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw that, he came forward and led the people in prayer. When he completed the prayer he said: 'O Abu Bakr, when I gestured to you, what kept you from continuing (to lead the people)?' He said: 'It does not befit the son of Abu Quhafah to lead the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in prayer.' And he (the Prophet) said to the people: 'If you notice something (during the prayer), men should say Subhan Allah and women should clap.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 793)

كَانَ قِتَالٌ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَأَتَاهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَقَدْ صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ فَقَالَ لِبِلَالٍ «إِنْ حَضَرَتِ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ وَلَمْ آتِ فَمُرْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ» فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ أَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ وَأَقَامَ وَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ تَقَدَّمْ فَتَقَدَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَشُقُّ الصُّفُوفَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّاسُ صَفَّحُوا قَالَ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ لَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ فَلَمَّا رَأَى التَّصْفِيحَ لَا يُمْسَكُ عَنْهُ الْتَفَتَ فَرَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَلْفَهُ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَنِ امْضِ» فَلَبِثَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ هُنَيَّةً فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عَلَى قَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَنِ امْضِ» ثُمَّ مَشَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَهْقَرَى عَلَى عَقِبِهِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ تَقَدَّمَ فَصَلَّى بِالْقَوْمِ صَلَاتَهُمْ فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ «يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ إِذْ أَوْمَأْتُ إِلَيْكَ أَنْ لَا تَكُونَ مَضَيْتَ؟ » قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يَؤُمَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلنَّاسِ «إِذَا نَابَكُمْ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ شَيْءٌ فَلْيُسَبِّحِ الرِّجَالُ وَلْتُصَفِّقِ النِّسَاءُ»

[AI] Jalibib was a man from the Ansar who used to visit women and talk to them. Abu Barzah said, "I told my wife, 'Jalibib should not enter upon you.'" The companions of the Prophet ﷺ used to not marry off their daughters until they knew whether the Messenger ﷺ wanted them or not. One day, the Prophet ﷺ said to a man from the Ansar, 'O so-and-so, marry your daughter to me.' He said, 'Yes, and may our eyes find rest.' The man asked, 'Is it for myself or someone else?' He replied, 'For Jalibib.' The man said, 'O Messenger of Allah, should I consult her mother?' He then went to her mother and said, 'Indeed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is proposing to marry your daughter.' She replied, 'Yes, and may our eyes find rest.' He asked, 'Is it for himself or someone else?' She said, 'For Jalibib.' He questioned, 'For Jalibib?' She responded, 'By Allah, I will not marry Jalibib.' When her father stood up to go to the Prophet ﷺ , the girl asked her mother, 'Who proposed to you?' She said, 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ .' The girl then said, 'Will you reject the proposal of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ or me? Accompany me to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as he will not disappoint me.' So her father went to the Prophet ﷺ and said, 'What is your opinion regarding her?' The Prophet ﷺ replied, 'Marry her to Jalibib.' Hammaad said, 'And do you know what he supplicated for her?' Ishaq ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Talhah narrated, 'What did he supplicate?' He said, 'O Allah, pour blessings on them abundantly and do not make their lives difficult.' Thabit said, 'So he married her to him.' While the Prophet ﷺ was in a battle, he asked, 'Is anyone missing?' They said, 'No.' He inquired, 'But I am missing Jalibib. Look for him among the martyrs.' They found him lying beside seven fallen enemies. Then they killed him. The Prophet ﷺ said, 'So he killed seven and they killed him? This act was from me, and I am pleased with him.' He mentioned this seven times, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ placed him on his arm. There was no bed that did not have the Messenger of Allah's ﷺ arm except for Jalibib's, until he was placed in his grave.' Thabit said, 'He was one of the Ansar who spent in charity whatever he possessed.'

أَنَّ جُلَيْبِيبًا كَانَ امْرَأً مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَكَانَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ وَيَتَحَدَّثُ إِلَيْهِنَّ قَالَ أَبُو بَرْزَةَ فَقُلْتُ لِامْرَأَتِي لَا يَدْخُلَنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ جُلَيْبِيبٌ قَالَ فَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمْ أَيِّمٌ لَمْ يُزَوِّجْهَا حَتَّى يَعْلَمَ أَلِرَسُولِ ﷺ فِيهَا حَاجَةٌ أَمْ لَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ «يَا فُلَانُ زَوِّجْنِي ابْنَتَكَ» قَالَ نَعَمْ وَنُعْمَى عَيْنٍ قَالَ «إِنِّي لَسْتُ لِنَفْسِي أُرِيدُهَا» قَالَ فَلِمَنْ؟ قَالَ «لِجُلَيْبِيبٍ» قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ حَتَّى أَسْتَأْمِرَ أُمَّهَا فَأَتَاهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ ابْنَتَكِ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ وَنُعْمَى عَيْنٍ قَالَ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَتْ لِنَفْسِهِ يُرِيدُهَا قَالَتْ فَلِمَنْ يُرِيدُهَا؟ قَالَ لِجُلَيْبِيبٍ قَالَتْ حَلْقَى أَلِجُلَيْبِيبٍ؟ قَالَتْ لَا لَعَمْرُ اللَّهِ لَا أُزَوِّجُ جُلَيْبِيبًا فَلَمَّا قَامَ أَبُوهَا لَيَأْتِي النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَتِ الْفَتَاةُ مِنْ خِدْرِهَا لِأُمِّهَا مَنْ خَطَبَنِي إِلَيْكُمَا قَالَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ أَتَرُدُّونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمْرَهُ ادْفَعُونِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِنَّهُ لَنْ يُضَيِّعَنِي فَذَهَبَ أَبُوهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ شَأْنُكَ بِهَا فَزَوَّجَهَا جُلَيْبِيبًا قَالَ حَمَّادٌ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا دَعَا لَهَا بِهِ قَالَ وَمَا دَعَا لَهَا بِهِ؟ قَالَ «اللَّهُمَّ صُبَّ الْخَيْرَ عَلَيْهِمَا صَبًّا وَلَا تَجْعَلْ عَيْشَهُمَا كَدًّا» قَالَ ثَابِتٌ فَزَوَّجَهَا إِيَّاهُ فَبَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزَاةٍ قَالَ «تَفْقِدُونَ مِنْ أَحَدٍ؟ » قَالُوا لَا قَالَ «لَكِنِّي أَفْقِدُ جُلَيْبِيبًا فَاطْلُبُوهُ فِي الْقَتْلَى» فَوَجَدُوهُ إِلَى جَنْبِ سَبْعَةٍ قَدْ قَتَلَهُمْ ثُمَّ قَتَلُوهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَقَتَلَ سَبْعَةً ثُمَّ قَتَلُوهُ ? هَذَا مِنِّي وَأَنَا مِنْهُ» يَقُولُهَا سَبْعًا فَوَضَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى سَاعِدَيْهِ مَا لَهُ سَرِيرٌ إِلَّا سَاعِدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى وَضَعَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ قَالَ ثَابِتٌ وَمَا كَانَ فِي الْأَنْصَارِ أَيِّمٌ أَنْفَقُ مِنْهَا

[AI] While a Muslim man was following in the footsteps of a polytheist man, he heard a whip strike above him and the sound of a horseman above him saying, "I am Hudhum." He looked at the polytheist man in front of him and saw him fall flat on his face, with his nose broken and his face cut like a whip strike. That became green like vegetation. Al-Ansari came and informed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "You have spoken the truth, that is a result of the help from the third heaven." Thus, they killed seventy of the polytheists and took seventy as captives. Ibn 'Abbas said, "When they took the captives, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Abu Bakr, 'What do you think of these captives?' Abu Bakr said, 'O Messenger of Allah, they are the kinsfolk and families. I believe we should accept ransom from them, which will give us strength against the disbelievers, and perhaps Allah will guide them to Islam.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'What do you think, O son of Al-Khattab?' I said, 'By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I do not see what Abu Bakr sees, but I think we should cut off their heads and make Ali bin Abi Talib kill 'Uqayl, and I should kill so-and-so, a relative of 'Umar, for they are the leaders of disbelief and the pillars of idolatry.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ approved of what Abu Bakr said, but did not approve of what I said. When it was morning, I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and saw him and Abu Bakr weeping. I asked, 'O Messenger of Allah, please tell me what made you and your friend weep?' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'I weep for what has been suggested to my Companions, that they may accept ransom from the captives. Allah has revealed the Ayah, "It is not for a Prophet that he should have prisoners of war (and free them with ransom) until he had made a great slaughter (among his enemies) in the land... This is so because Allah desires to test and purify the believers. And so He will punish the hypocrites, men and women, and the idolaters, men and women, who think evil thoughts about Allah. For them is a disgraceful torment, and Allah will inflict on them a humiliating torment." Thus, Allah allowed the booty.'"

بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَشُدُّ فِي أَثَرِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَمَامَهُ إِذْ سَمِعَ ضَرْبَةً بِالسَّوْطِ فَوْقَهُ وَصَوْتَ الْفَارِسِ فَوْقَهُ يَقُولُ أَقْدِمْ حَيْزُومُ إِذْ نَظَرَ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِ أَمَامَهُ خَرَّ مُسْتَلْقِيًا فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ فَإِذْا هُوَ قَدْ خُطِمَ أَنْفُهُ وَشُقَّ وَجْهُهُ كَضَرْبَةِ سَوْطٍ فَاخْضَرَّ ذَاكَ أَجْمَعُ فَجَاءَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فَحَدَّثَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ ﷺ «صَدَقْتَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ مَدَدِ السَّمَاءِ الثَّالِثَةِ» فَقَتَلُوا يَوْمَئِذٍ سَبْعِينَ وَأَسَرُوا سَبْعِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَلَمَّا أَسَرُوا الْأُسَارَى قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعَلِيٍّ وَعُمَرَ «مَا تَرَوْنَ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ الْأُسَارَى؟ » قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ هُمْ بَنُو الْعَمِّ وَالْعَشِيرَةِ أَرَى أَنْ نَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمْ فِدْيَةً تَكُونُ لَنَا قُوَّةً عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ وَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَهْدِيَهُمُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَا تَرَى يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ؟ » قُلْتُ لَا وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا أَرَى الَّذِي رَأَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَلَكِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تُمَكِّنَنَا فَنَضْرِبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ فَتُمَكِّنَ عَلِيًّا مِنْ عَقِيلٍ فَيَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ وَتُمَكِّنَنِي مِنْ فُلَانٍ فَأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ نَسِيبٍ كَانَ لِعُمَرَ فَإِنَّ هَؤُلَاءَ أَئِمَّةُ الْكُفْرِ وَصَنَادِيدُهَا فَهَوِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَلَمْ يَهْوَ مَا قُلْتُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ جِئْتُ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَاعِدَانِ يَبْكِيَانِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخْبِرْنِي مِنْ أَيِّ شَيْءٍ تَبْكِي أَنْتَ وَصَاحِبُكَ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُ بُكَاءً بَكَيْتُ وَإِنْ لَمْ أَجِدْ بُكَاءً تَبَاكَيْتُ لِبُكَائِكُمَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَبْكِي لِلَّذِي عَرَضَ عَلَيَّ أَصْحَابُكَ مِنْ أَخْذِهِمُ الْفِدَاءَ وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ {مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا} فَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْغَنِيمَةَ»

"When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ became seriously ill, Bilal came to tell him it was time to pray and he said: 'Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer."' She said: "I said: '0 Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Abu Bakr is a tender-hearted man, and when he stands in your place he will not be able to make the people hear his voice; why don't you tell 'Umar (to do it)?' He said: 'Tell a Abu Bakr to lead the people in the prayer.' I said to Hafsah: 'Tell him.' So she told him. He said: 'You are (like) the female companions of Yosuf. Tell Abu Bakr lead the people in prayer."' She said: "So they told Abu Bakr. When he started to pray, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ began to feel better, so he got up and came with the help of two men, with his feet dragging along the ground. (When) he entered the Masjid, Abu Bakr heard him coming and he wanted to step back, but the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him: 'Stay where you are.' Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and sat on Abu Bakr's left, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was leading the people in prayer sitting, and Abu Bakr was standing and following the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the people were following the prayer of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 833)

لَمَّا ثَقُلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَاءَ بِلَالٌ يُؤْذِنُهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ «مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ» فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَجُلٌ أَسِيفٌ مَتَى يَقُمْ مَقَامَكَ لَا يُسْمِعِ النَّاسَ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ عُمَرَ قَالَ «مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ» فَقُلْتُ لِحَفْصَةَ قُولِي لَهُ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَجُلٌ أَسِيفٌ مَتَى يَقُمْ مَقَامَكَ لَا يُسْمِعِ النَّاسَ قَالَ «إِنَّكُنَّ صَوَاحِبَاتُ يُوسُفَ مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ» فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خِفَّةً مِنْ نَفْسِهِ فَقَامَ يُهَادَى بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ وَرِجْلَاهُ تَخُطُّ فِي الْأَرْضِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حِسَّهُ ذَهَبَ لِيَتَأَخَّرَ فَأَوْمَأَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَمَا أَنْتَ» حَتَّى جَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ يَسَارِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ قَاعِدًا وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَائِمٌ يَقْتَدِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِصَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ يَقْتَدُونَ بِصَلَاةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ

[AI] When it was Monday, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ removed the curtain of the room and saw Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq praying with the people. He said, "I looked at his face, and it was as if it was a page of the Quran, and he was smiling. We almost got distracted in our prayers out of joy of seeing the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ." Abu Bakr intended to move, but when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him, he stayed in his place. Then, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ opened the curtain and performed his prayer. On the same day, he passed away. Umar ibn Al-Khattab stood up and said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not die, but he was sent to him as Moses was sent to him, and he resided among his people for forty nights. By Allah, I hope that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ will live until he cuts off the hands of men from the hypocrites and silences their tongues, who claim that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has died." Al-Zuhri reported that Anas ibn Malik informed him that he heard the speech of Umar ibn Al-Khattab about the Hereafter when he sat on the pulpit of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the day after his death. Umar and Abu Bakr were quiet and did not speak, then Umar said, "As for the yesterday's statement, it was not as I said, and by Allah, I did not find the statement that I said in a book revealed by Allah or in a covenant given to me by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . But I hoped that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would live until he settles our affairs. If Muhammad ﷺ has indeed died, then Allah has placed among you a light, by which you will be guided. Hold fast to it, and be guided by what Allah has guided Muhammad ﷺ to. And indeed, Abu Bakr, the companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , is the second of the two. And he is the most deserving among you of your affairs. So pledge allegiance to him. And indeed, a group of them had already pledged allegiance to him in Saqifah Bani Sa'idah. And the pledge of the common people was on the pulpit."

لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الِاثْنَيْنِ كَشَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُتْرَةَ الْحُجْرَةِ فَرَأَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ ؓ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ قَالَ فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى وَجْهِهِ كَأَنَّهُ وَرَقَةُ مُصْحَفٍ وَهُوَ يَتَبَسَّمُ فَكِدْنَا أَنْ نَفْتَتِنَ فِي صَلَاتِنَا فَرَحًا بِرُؤْيَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَرَادَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ أَنْ يَنْكُصَ حِينَ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «كَمَا أَنْتَ» ثُمَّ أَرْخَى السِّتْرَ وَتُوُفِّيَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ فَقَامَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَمُتْ وَلَكِنَّهُ أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ كَمَا أُرْسِلَ إِلَى مُوسَى فَمَكَثَ فِي قَوْمِهِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَعِيشَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى يَقْطَعَ أَيْدِيَ رِجَالٍ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَأَلْسِنَتَهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ مَاتَ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ خُطْبَةَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ الْآخِرَةَ حِينَ جَلَسَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَذَلِكَ الْغَدَ مِنْ يَوْمِ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَتَشَهَّدَ عُمَرُ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ صَامِتٌ لَا يَتَكَلَّمُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنِّي قُلْتُ أَمْسَ مَقَالَةً وَإِنَّهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ كَمَا قُلْتُ وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ مَا وَجَدْتُ الْمَقَالَةَ الَّتِي قُلْتُ فِي كِتَابٍ أَنْزَلَهُ اللَّهُ وَلَا فِي عَهْدٍ عَهِدَهِ إِلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَكِنِّي كُنْتُ أَرْجُو أَنْ يَعِيشَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى يَدْبُرَنَا يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ آخِرَهُمْ فَإِنْ يَكُ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ قَدْ مَاتَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ نُورًا تَهْتَدُونَ بِهِ فَاعْتَصِمُوا بِهِ تَهْتَدُوا لِمَا هَدَى اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَثَانِي اثْنَيْنِ وَإِنَّهُ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِأُمُورِكُمْ فَقُومُوا فَبَايِعُوهُ وَكَانَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ قَدْ بَايَعُوهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ وَكَانَتْ بَيْعَةُ الْعَامَّةِ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to Banu ‘Amr b. ‘Awf to effect reconciliation between them . in the meantime the time of prayer came and the Mu’adhdhin came to Abu Bakr and asked : Will you lead the people in prayer? I pronounce the Iqamah. He said ; Yes. So Abiu Bakr led the prayer , and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came back while the people were praying. He penetrated through the rows and stood in the first row. The people clapped but Abu Bakr did not pay any attention to it during prayer. When the people clapped increasingly, he paid attention. He saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a sign to him (saying); Stay at your place. Abu BAkr raised his hands and praised Allah for the commandment the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had given him (to lead the people in prayer). Abu Bakr then stepped back and stood in the row. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stepped forward and led the prayer. When he finished the prayer, he said; Abu Bakr, what prevented you staying (at your place) when I already commented you to do so? Abu Bakr said ; it was not befitting for the son of Abu Quhafah (Abu Bakr) to lead the prayer in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said; What is the matter that I saw you clapping frequently during prayer? If anything happens to someone during prayer, he should say “Glory be to Allah,” for when he glorifies Allah. He pays attention to him. Clapping applies only to women. Abu Dawud said: This is operative in the obligatory prayer. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 940)

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ذَهَبَ إِلَى بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فحَانَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ فَجَاءَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَالَ أَتُصَلِّي لِلنَّاسِ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَصَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَخَلُصَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ فِي الصَّفِّ مَعَ النَّاسِ فَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ التَّصْفِيقَ الْتَفَتَ فَرَأَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وأشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنِ امْكُثْ مَكَانَكَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ يَدَهُ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ ﷻ عَلَى مَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ حَتَّى اسْتَوَى فِي الصَّفِّ فَتَقَدَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ «يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ إِذْ أَمَرْتُكَ؟» فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَا لِي رَأَيْتُكُمْ أَكْثَرْتُمْ مِنَ التَّصْفِيقِ مَنْ رَابَهُ شَيْءٌ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَلْيُسَبِّحْ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا سَبَّحَ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهِ وإِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيقُ لِلنِّسَاءِ»

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to Banu ‘Amr b. ‘Awf to effect reconciliation between them . in the meantime the time of prayer came and the Mu’adhdhin came to Abu Bakr and asked : Will you lead the people in prayer? I pronounce the Iqamah. He said ; Yes. So Abiu Bakr led the prayer , and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came back while the people were praying. He penetrated through the rows and stood in the first row. The people clapped but Abu Bakr did not pay any attention to it during prayer. When the people clapped increasingly, he paid attention. He saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a sign to him (saying); Stay at your place. Abu BAkr raised his hands and praised Allah for the commandment the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had given him (to lead the people in prayer). Abu Bakr then stepped back and stood in the row. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stepped forward and led the prayer. When he finished the prayer, he said; Abu Bakr, what prevented you staying (at your place) when I already commented you to do so? Abu Bakr said ; it was not befitting for the son of Abu Quhafah (Abu Bakr) to lead the prayer in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said; What is the matter that I saw you clapping frequently during prayer? If anything happens to someone during prayer, he should say “Glory be to Allah,” for when he glorifies Allah. He pays attention to him. Clapping applies only to women. Abu Dawud said: This is operative in the obligatory prayer. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 940)

ثنا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ عَنْ مَالِكٍ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الدِّمْيَاطِيُّ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَنَا مَالِكٌ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ذَهَبَ إِلَى بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ يُصْلِحُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَحَانَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَجَاءَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَالَ أَتُصَلِّي لِلنَّاسِ فَأُقِيمُ؟ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَصَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَتَخَلَّصَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ فِي الصَّفِّ فَصَفَّقَ النَّاسُ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ التَّصْفِيقَ الْتَفَتَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَرَأَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنِ اثْبُتْ مَكَانَكَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ يَدَيْهِ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ ﷻ عَلَى مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ اسْتَأْخَرَ حَتَّى اسْتَوَى فِي الصَّفِّ وَتَقَدَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَقَالَ «يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ إِذْ أَمَرْتُكَ؟» فَقَالَ مَا كَانَ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَا لِي رَأَيْتُكُمْ أَكْثَرْتُمْ مِنَ التَّصْفِيقِ؟ مَنْ نَابَهُ شَيْءٌ فِي صَلَاتِهِ فَلْيُسَبِّحْ فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا سَبَّحَ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهِ وإِنَّمَا التَّصْفِيقُ لِلنِّسَاءِ»

[AI] There was a disagreement between two men from the Ansar, so the Prophet ﷺ went to reconcile between them during prayer time. When it was time for prayer, Bilal came to Abu Bakr and said, "O Abu Bakr, the prayer has begun, and the Prophet ﷺ is not here. Should I call the adhan and lead the prayer?" Abu Bakr replied, "Do as you wish." So Bilal called the adhan and led the prayer, and Abu Bakr started the prayer. Then the Prophet ﷺ came and joined the congregation. After finishing the prayer, the Prophet ﷺ greeted the people, and Abu Bakr went to move away. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ motioned to him to stay in his place, and when Abu Bakr moved, the Prophet ﷺ moved forward and led the prayer. After completing the prayer, the Prophet ﷺ asked Abu Bakr, "O Abu Bakr, what prevented you from staying where I instructed you?" Abu Bakr replied, "It was not fitting for the son of Abu Quhafa to lead the prayer in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ."

كَانَ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ شَيْءٌ فَانْطَلَقَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي وَقْتِ صَلَاةٍ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ جَاءَ بِلَالٌ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَدْ حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَلَيْسَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ هَهُنَا فَأُؤَذِّنُ وَأُقِيمُ وَتُصَلِّي أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ مَا شِئْتَ فَأَذَّنَ وَأَقَامَ وَاسْتَفْتَحَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصَّلَاةَ وَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عِنْدَ بَقِيَّةِ ذَلِكَ فَصَفَّحَ النَّاسُ فَذَهَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِيَتَنَحَّى فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنِ اثْبُتْ مَكَانَكَ فَلَمَّا تَنَحَّى تَقَدَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَصَلَّى فَلَمَّا قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ «يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ كَمَا أَمَرْتُكَ» قَالَ مَا كَانَ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ أَمَامَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ

[AI] We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when a man came and said, "O Messenger of Allah, there has been an argument between the Banu Amr ibn Awf until they threw stones at each other." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "This used to happen among them in the past. Come with us to them." So, Ubayy ibn Ka'b and Suhail ibn Bayda'a stood up and went with him to reconcile between them. Then, the prayer time came and Bilal called the prayer. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him to go slowly, so the people said to Abu Bakr, "Move forward." He said, "Do you see that?" They said, "Yes." So, he moved forward, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and started shaking hands with the people. Abu Bakr would not turn around during the prayer, but when he heard the people shaking hands, he turned around and saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . He then stepped back, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ moved forward and led the prayer. After finishing, he said, "O Abu Bakr, what prevented you from staying in your place when I gestured to you?" He said, "It was not appropriate for Ibn Abi Quhafa to go ahead of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ." Then, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Why did I see you shaking hands? Clapping is for men, and tasbih (saying subhan Allah) is for women in prayer."

كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَقَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ كَلَامٌ حَتَّى تَرَامَوْا بِالْحِجَارَةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «قَدِيمًا كَانَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَهُمْ قُومُوا بِنَا إِلَيْهِمْ» فَقَامَ مَعَهُ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ وَسُهَيْلُ بْنُ بَيْضَاءَ فَأَصْلَحَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَأَذَّنَ بِلَالٌ فَرَاثَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَعْنِي أَبْطَأَ فَقَالَ النَّاسُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ تَقَدَّمْ فَقَالَ تَرَوْنَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ فَتَقَدَّمَ وَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ يُصَفِّحُونَ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَهُمْ يُصَفِّحُونَ الْتَفَتَ فَرَأَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَنَكَصَ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ مَكَانَكَ فَتَأَخَّرَ وَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ «يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ فِي مَكَانِكَ حِينَ أَوْمَأْتُ إِلَيْكَ؟» قَالَ مَا كَانَ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ أَمَامَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَا لِي أَرَاكُمْ صَفَّحْتُمْ؟ مَنْ نَابَهُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ شَيْءٌ فَإِنَّ التَّسْبِيحَ لِلرِّجَالِ وَالتَّصْفِيقَ لِلنِّسَاءِ»

[AI] "For the Jewish scholars, I am a visitor to the mosque of our father Ibrahim and Ismail, making a covenant. I went to the messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was in Makkah, and I met him when he had just finished performing Hajj. The messenger of Allah ﷺ found me in Mina with the people, and I stood among them. When the messenger of Allah ﷺ looked at me, he said, 'Are you Abdullah ibn Salam?' I said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Come closer.' So, I approached him. He asked, 'By Allah, I ask you, O Abdullah ibn Salam, do you find me in the Torah as the messenger of Allah?' I said, 'Our Lord, describe him.' He said, 'Then Jibril came to him until he stood in front of the messenger of Allah ﷺ, then he recited to him, "Say: He is Allah, [who is] One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, nor is there to Him any equivalent."' Then the messenger of Allah ﷺ recited it to us. Ibn Salam said, 'I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that you are the messenger of Allah.' Then he went to Madinah and kept his Islam hidden. When the messenger of Allah ﷺ migrated to Madinah, I was on top of a palm tree, and I heard a noise in the city. I said, 'What is this?' They said, 'It is the messenger of Allah who has arrived.' So, I threw myself down from the top of the palm tree and then I approached him and greeted him. Then I went back, and my mother said, 'By Allah, if Musa ibn Imran (Moses) was here, he would not have thrown himself down from the top of the palm tree like that.' I said, 'By Allah, I went down because I am eager for the arrival of the messenger of Allah ﷺ, just as Musa ibn Imran was sent.'"

لِأَحْبَارِ الْيَهُودِ إِنِّي أَحْدَثُ بِمَسْجِدِ أَبِينَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ عَهْدًا فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ فَوَافَاهُمْ وَقَدِ انْصَرَفُوا مِنَ الْحَجِّ فَوَجَدَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بِمِنًى وَالنَّاسُ حَوْلَهُ فَقُمْتُ مَعَ النَّاسِ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «أَنْتَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ؟» قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ «ادْنُ» فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ قَالَ «أَنْشُدُكَ بِاللهِ يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَلَامٍ أَمَا تَجِدُنِي فِي التَّوْرَاةِ رَسُولُ اللهِ؟» فَقُلْتُ لَهُ انْعَتْ رَبَّنَا قَالَ فَجَاءَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ حَتَّى وَقَفَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ {قُلْ هُوَ اللهُ أَحَدٌ اللهُ الصَّمَدُ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ} فَقَرَأَهَا عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ سَلَامٍ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَكَتَمَ إِسْلَامَهُ فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَنَا فَوْقَ فِي نَخْلَةٍ لِي أَجُدُّهَا فَسَمِعْتُ رَجَّةً فِي الْمَدِينَةِ فَقُلْتُ مَا هَذَا؟ قَالُوا رَسُولُ اللهِ قَدْ قَدِمَ قَالَ فَأَلْقَيْتُ نَفْسِي مِنْ أَعْلَى النَّخْلَةِ ثُمَّ جِئْتُ أَحْضُرُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ فَقَالَتْ أُمِّي لِلَّهِ أَنْتَ وَاللهِ لَوْ كَانَ مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مَا كَانَ بِذَلِكَ تُلْقِي نَفْسَكَ مِنْ أَعْلَى النَّخْلَةِ فَقُلْتُ وَاللهِ لَأَنَا أَسَرُّ بِقُدُومِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ إِذْ بُعِثَ

Messenger of Allah, I have lost my eyesight and I lead my people in prayer. When there is a downpour there is then a current (of water) in the valley that stands between me and them and I find it impossible to go to their mosque and lead them in prayer. Messenger of Allah, I earnestly beg of you that you should come and observe prayer at a place of worship (in my house) so that I should then use it as a place of worship. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Well, it God so wills. I would soon do so. 'Itban said: On the following day when the day dawned, the Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon him) came along with Abu Bakr at-Siddiq, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked permission (to get into the house). I gave him the permission, and be did not sit after entering the house, when he said: At what place in your house you desire me to say prayer? I ('Itban b. Malik) said: I pointed to a corner in the house, The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood (at that place for prayer) and pronounced Allah-o-Akbar (Allah is the Greatest) (as an expression for the commencement of prayer). We too stood behind him, and he said two rak'ahs and then pronounced salutation (marking the end of the prayer). We detained him (the Holy Prophet) for the meat curry we had prepared for, him. The people of the neighbouring houses came and thus there was a good gathering in (our house). One of them said: Where is Malik b. Dukhshun? Upon this one of them remarked: He is a hypocrite; he does not love Allah and His Messenger. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Do not say so about him. Don't you see that he utters La ilaha ill-Allah (There is no god but Allah) and seeks the pleasure of Allah through it? They said: Allah and His Messenger know beet. One (among the audience) said: We see his inclination and wellwishing for hypocrites only. Upon this the Messenger of Allah' ﷺ again said: Verily Allah has forbidden the Fire for one who says: There is no god but Allah, thereby seeking Allah's pleasure. Ibn Shihab said: I asked Husain b. Muhammad al-Ansar (he was one of the leaders of Banu Salim) about the hadith transmitted by Mahmud b. Rabi' and he testified it. (Using translation from Muslim 33c)

أَنَّ عِتْبَانَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ وَهُوَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّهُ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي قَدْ أَنْكَرْتُ بَصَرِي وَأَنَا أُصَلِّي لِقَوْمِي وَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْإِمْطَارَاتُ سَالَتِ الْوَادِيَ الَّذِي بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ وَلَمْ أَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ آتِي مَسْجِدَهُمْ فَأُصَلِّيَ لَهُمْ وَوَدِدْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَنَّكَ تَأْتِيَنِي فَتُصَلِّيَ فِي مُصَلًّى أَتَّخِذُهُ مُصَلًّى فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «سَأَفْعَلُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ» قَالَ عِتْبَانُ فَغَدَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ حِينَ ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَذِنْتُ لَهُ فَلَمْ يَجْلِسْ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْبَيْتَ ثُمَّ قَالَ «أَيْنَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ مِنْ بَيْتِكَ؟» فَأَشَرْتُ إِلَى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ فَقَامَ فَكَبَّرَ فَقُمْنَا وَرَاءَهُ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ وَحَبَسْنَاهُ عَلَى خَزِيرَةٍ صَنَعْنَاهَا فَنَالَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الدَّارِ حَوْلَنَا حَتَّى اجْتَمَعَ فِي الْبَيْتِ رِجَالٌ ذُو عَدَدٍ فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ أَيْنَ مَالِكُ بْنُ الدُّخْشُنِ؟ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ ذَاكَ مُنَافِقٌ لَا يُحِبُّ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «لَا تَفْعَلْ أَلَا تَرَاهُ قَدْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ وَجْهَ اللهِ؟» فَقَالُوا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَإِنَّمَا وَجْهُهُ ونُصْحَتُهُ لِلْمُنَافِقِينَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَإِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ حَرَّمَ عَلَى النَّارِ مَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ يَبْتَغِي بِذَلِكَ وَجْهَ اللهِ ﷻ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُ الْحُصَيْنَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ وَهُوَ أَحَدُ بَنِي سَالِمٍ عَنْ حَدِيثِ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ فَصَدَّقَهُ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ أَوْ تَقُولُونَ الدُّخْشُمَ وَهُوَ الصَّوَابُ

Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) came and sought permission to see Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He found people sitting at his door and none amongst them had been granted permission, but it was granted to Abu Bakr and he went in. Then came 'Umar and he sought permission and it was granted to him, and he found Allah's Apostle ﷺ sitting sad and silent with his wives around him. He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: I would say something which would make the Prophet ﷺ laugh, so he said: Messenger of Allah, I wish you had seen (the treatment meted out to) the daughter ofKhadija when you asked me some money, and I got up and slapped her on her neck. Messenger of Allah (mav peace be upon him) laughed and said: They are around me as you see, asking for extra money. Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) then got up went to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and slapped her on the neck, and 'Umar stood up before Hafsa and slapped her saying: You ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ which he does not possess. They said: By Allah, we do not ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ for anything he does not possess. Then he withdrew from them for a month or for twenty-nine days. Then this verse was revealed to him:" Prophet: Say to thy wives... for a mighty reward" (xxxiii. 28). He then went first to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and said: I want to propound something to you, 'A'isha, but wish no hasty reply before you consult your parents. She said: Messenger of Allah, what is that? He (the Holy Prophet) recited to her the verse, whereupon she said: Is it about you that I should consult my parents, Messenger of Allah? Nay, I choose Allah, His Messenger, and the Last Abode; but I ask you not to tell any of your wives what I have said He replied: Not one of them will ask me without my informing her. God did not send me to be harsh, or cause harm, but He has sent me to teach and make things easy. (Using translation from Muslim 1478)

أَقْبَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ بِبَابِهِ جُلُوسٌ فَلَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لَهُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ فَلَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لَهُ فَجَلَسَ ثُمَّ أَذِنَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ فَدَخَلَا وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ جَالِسٌ وَحَوْلَهُ نِسَاؤُهُ وَهُوَ سَاكِتٌ وَاجِمٌ قَالَ عُمَرُ «لَأُكَلِّمَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَضْحَكَ» قَالَ عُمَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَوْ رَأَيْتَ ابْنَةَ زَيْدٍ امْرَأَةَ عُمَرَ سَأَلَتْنِي النَّفَقَةَ آنِفًا فَوَجَأْتُ عُنُقَهَا فَضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حَتَّى بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ قَالَ «هُنَّ حَوْلِي كَمَا تَرَى يَسْأَلْنَنِي النَّفَقَةَ» فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ لِيَضْرِبَهَا وَقَامَ عُمَرُ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ كِلَاهُمَا يَقُولُ تَسْأَلَانِ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ فَنَهَاهُمَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْنَ نِسَاؤُهُ وَاللهِ لَا نَسْأَلُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ هَذَا الْمَجْلِسِ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى الْخِيَارُ فَبَدَأَ بِعَائِشَةَ فَقَالَ «إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَذْكُرَ لَكِ شَيْئًا لَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَعْجَلِي فِيهِ حَتَّى تَسْتَأْمِرِي أَبَوَيْكِ» قَالَتْ وَمَا هُوَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَتَلَا عَلَيْهَا {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْوَاجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتِهَا فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ} [الأحزاب 28] قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ «أَفِيكَ أَسْتَأْمِرُ أَبَوَيَّ؟ بَلْ أَخْتَارُ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ وَأَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ لَا تَذْكُرَ لِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْ نِسَائِكَ مَا اخْتَرْتُ» فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «إِنَّ اللهَ لَمْ يَبْعَثْنِي مُعَنِّفًا وَلَكِنْ مُعَلِّمًا مُبَشِّرًا لَا تَسْأَلُنِي امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ عَمَّا اخْتَرْتِ إِلَّا أَخْبَرْتُهَا»

Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) came and sought permission to see Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He found people sitting at his door and none amongst them had been granted permission, but it was granted to Abu Bakr and he went in. Then came 'Umar and he sought permission and it was granted to him, and he found Allah's Apostle ﷺ sitting sad and silent with his wives around him. He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: I would say something which would make the Prophet ﷺ laugh, so he said: Messenger of Allah, I wish you had seen (the treatment meted out to) the daughter ofKhadija when you asked me some money, and I got up and slapped her on her neck. Messenger of Allah (mav peace be upon him) laughed and said: They are around me as you see, asking for extra money. Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) then got up went to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and slapped her on the neck, and 'Umar stood up before Hafsa and slapped her saying: You ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ which he does not possess. They said: By Allah, we do not ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ for anything he does not possess. Then he withdrew from them for a month or for twenty-nine days. Then this verse was revealed to him:" Prophet: Say to thy wives... for a mighty reward" (xxxiii. 28). He then went first to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and said: I want to propound something to you, 'A'isha, but wish no hasty reply before you consult your parents. She said: Messenger of Allah, what is that? He (the Holy Prophet) recited to her the verse, whereupon she said: Is it about you that I should consult my parents, Messenger of Allah? Nay, I choose Allah, His Messenger, and the Last Abode; but I ask you not to tell any of your wives what I have said He replied: Not one of them will ask me without my informing her. God did not send me to be harsh, or cause harm, but He has sent me to teach and make things easy. (Using translation from Muslim 1478)

أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَوَجَدَ النَّاسَ جُلُوسًا عَلَى بَابِهِ لَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ قَالَ فَأُذِنَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَدَخَلَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ فَأُذِنَ لَهُ فَدَخَلَ فَوَجَدَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَالِسًا حَوْلَهُ نِسَاؤُهُ وَاجِمٌ سَاكِتٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ لَأَقُولَنَّ شَيْئًا أُضْحِكُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَوْ رَأَيْتَ ابْنَةَ خَارِجَةَ سَأَلْتَنِي النَّفَقَةَ فَقُمْتُ إِلَيْهَا فَوَجَأْتُ عُنُقَهَا قَالَ فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ وَهُنَّ حَوْلِي كَمَا تَرَى يَسْأَلْنَنِي النَّفَقَةَ قَالَ فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ فَوَجَأَ عُنُقَهَا وَقَامَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ فَوَجَأَ عُنُقَهَا وَكِلَاهُمَا يَقُولُ تَسْأَلْنَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ؟ فَقُلْنَ وَاللهِ لَا نَسْأَلُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ ثُمَّ اعْتَزَلَهُنَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ شَهْرًا أَوْ تِسْعَةً وَعِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْوَاجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا} [الأحزاب 28] حَتَّى بَلَغَ {لِلْمُحْسِنَاتِ مِنْكُنَّ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا} [الأحزاب 29] قَالَ فَبَدَأَ بِعَائِشَةَ ؓ فَقَالَ يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَعْرِضَ عَلَيْكَ أَمْرًا فَأُحِبُّ أَنْ لَا تَعْجَلِي فِيهِ حَتَّى تَسْتَشِيرِي أَبَوَيْكِ قَالَتْ وَمَا هُوَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَتَلَا عَلَيْهَا الْآيَةَ قَالَتْ أَفِيكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَسْتَشِيرُ أَبَوِيَّ بَلْ أَخْتَارُ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أَسْأَلُكَ أَلَّا تُخَيِّرَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ نِسَائِكَ بِالَّذِي قُلْتَ قَالَ لَا تَسْأَلُنِي امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ إِلَّا أَخْبَرْتُهَا إِنَّ اللهَ لَمْ يَبْعَثْنِي مُعَنِّتًا وَلَكِنْ بَعَثَنِي مُعَلِّمًا مُيَسِّرًا

The Prophet ﷺ sent some cavalry towards Najd and they brought a man from the tribe of Banu Hanifa who was called Thumama bin Uthal. They fastened him to one of the pillars of the Mosque. The Prophet went to him and said, "What have you got, O Thumama?" He replied," I have got a good thought, O Muhammad! If you should kill me, you would kill a person who has already killed somebody, and if you should set me free, you would do a favor to one who is grateful, and if you want property, then ask me whatever wealth you want." He was left till the next day when the Prophet ﷺ said to him, "What have you got, Thumama? He said, "What I told you, i.e. if you set me free, you would do a favor to one who is grateful." The Prophet ﷺ left him till the day after, when he said, "What have you got, O Thumama?" He said, "I have got what I told you. "On that the Prophet ﷺ said, "Release Thumama." So he (i.e. Thumama) went to a garden of date-palm trees near to the Mosque, took a bath and then entered the Mosque and said, "I testify that None has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and also testify that Muhammad is His Apostle! By Allah, O Muhammad! There was no face on the surface of the earth most disliked by me than yours, but now your face has become the most beloved face to me. By Allah, there was no religion most disliked by me than yours, but now it is the most beloved religion to me. By Allah, there was no town most disliked by me than your town, but now it is the most beloved town to me. Your cavalry arrested me (at the time) when I was intending to perform the ʿUmra. And now what do you think?" The Prophet ﷺ gave him good tidings (congratulated him) and ordered him to perform the ʿUmra. So when he came to Mecca, someone said to him, "You have become a Sabian?" Thumama replied, "No! By Allah, I have embraced Islam with Muhammad, Apostle of Allah. No, by Allah! Not a single grain of wheat will come to you from Yamamah unless the Prophet gives his permission." (Using translation from Bukhārī 4372)

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ يَقُولُ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْلًا نَحْوَ أَرْضِ نَجْدٍ فَجَاءَتْ بِرَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ سَيِّدُ أَهْلِ الْيَمَامَةِ فَرَبَطُوهُ بِسَارِيَةٍ مِنْ سَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ قَالَ عِنْدِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ خَيْرٌ إِنْ تَقْتُلْنِي تَقْتُلْ ذَا دَمٍ وَإِنْ تُنْعِمْ تُنْعِمْ عَلَى شَاكِرٍ وَإِنْ تُرِدِ الْمَالَ فَسَلْ تُعْطَ مِنْهُ مَا شِئْتَ فَتَرَكَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ فَقَالَ عِنْدِي مَا قُلْتُ لَكَ فَرَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ الْيَوْمَ الثَّالِثَ فَرَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَطْلِقُوا ثُمَامَةَ فَخَرَجَ ثُمَامَةُ إِلَى نَخْلٍ قَرِيبٍ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَاغْتَسَلَ مِنَ الْمَاءِ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَقَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ وَجْهٌ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ وَجْهِكَ وَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ وَجْهُكَ أَحَبَّ الْوُجُوهِ إِلِيَّ وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ دِينٌ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ دِينِكَ وَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ دِينُكَ أَحَبَّ الْأَدْيَانِ إِلِيَّ وَوَاللهِ مَا كَانَ مِنْ بَلَدٍ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ بَلَدِكَ وَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ بَلَدُكَ أَحَبَّ الْبُلْدَانِ كُلِّهَا إِلِيَّ وَإِنَّ خَيْلَكَ أَخَذَتْنِي وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الْعُمْرَةَ فَمَاذَا تَرَى؟ فَبَشَّرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ قَالَ لَهُ رِجَالٌ بِمَكَّةَ أَصَبَوْتَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ؟ فَقَالَ لَا وَاللهِ مَا صَبَوْتُ وَلَكِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَاللهِ لَا يَأْتِيكُمْ حَبَّةُ حِنْطَةٍ مِنَ الْيَمَامَةِ حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ

While I was sitting with the Prophet, Abu Bakr came, lifting up one corner of his garment uncovering his knee. The Prophet ﷺ said, "Your companion has had a quarrel." Abu Bakr greeted (the Prophet ﷺ ) and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! There was something (i.e. quarrel) between me and the Son of Al-Khattab. I talked to him harshly and then regretted that, and requested him to forgive me, but he refused. This is why I have come to you." The Prophet ﷺ said thrice, "O Abu Bakr! May Allah forgive you." In the meanwhile, ʿUmar regretted (his refusal of Abu Bakr's excuse) and went to Abu Bakr's house and asked if Abu Bakr was there. They replied in the negative. So he came to the Prophet ﷺ and greeted him, but signs of displeasure appeared on the face of the Prophet ﷺ till Abu Bakr pitied (ʿUmar), so he knelt and said twice, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! By Allah! I was more unjust to him (than he to me)." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Allah sent me (as a Prophet) to you (people) but you said (to me), 'You are telling a lie,' while Abu Bakr said, 'He has said the truth,' and consoled me with himself and his money." He then said twice, "Won't you then give up harming my companion?" After that nobody harmed Abu Bakr. (Using translation from Bukhārī 3661)

كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذْ أَقْبَلِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ آخِذًا بِطَرَفِ ثَوْبِهِ حَتَّى أَبْدَى عَنْ رُكْبَتَيْهِ فَقَالَ أَمَّا صَاحِبُكُمْ هَذَا فَقَدْ غَامَرَ فَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ شَيْءٌ فَأَسْرَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ لِي فَأَبَى عَلَيَّ وَتَحَرَّزَ مِنِّي بِدَارِهِ فَأَقْبَلْتُ إِلَيْكَ فَقَالَ يَغْفِرُ اللهُ لَكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ إِنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ نَدِمَ فَأَتَى مَنْزِلَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَسَأَلَ أَثَمَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ؟ فَقَالُوا لَا فَأَقْبَلَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَجَعَلَ وَجْهُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَتَمَعَّرُ حَتَّى أَشْفَقَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَجَثَا عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَنَا وَاللهِ كُنْتُ أَظْلَمَ مَرَّتَيْنِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ اللهَ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى بَعَثَنِي إِلَيْكُمْ فَقُلْتُمْ كَذَبْتَ وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ صَدَقْتَ وَوَاسَانِي بِنَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ تَارِكُونَ لِي صَاحِبِي؟ قَالَهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ فَمَا أُوذِيَ بَعْدَهَا