77. Sūrat al-Mursalāt

٧٧۔ سُورَةُ المُرسَلات

Qurʾān > Chapter 77
القرآن > كتاب ٧٧

The Emissaries (Meccan)

quran:77:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

By those ˹winds˺ sent forth in gusts  

By those sent in succession (‘urfan), that is, ˹by˺ the winds that follow ˹one another˺ in succession, like the mane (‘urf) of a horse, one part ˹of hair˺ coming after the other (‘urfan is in the accusative because it is a circumstantial qualifier);
القرآن:٧٧:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عُرْفًا  

{والمرسلات عُرفا} أي الرياح متتابعة كعرف الفرس يتلو بعضه بعضا ونصبه على الحال.
quran:77:2 –

And the winds that blow violently  

by the raging hurricanes, the violent winds;
القرآن:٧٧:٢ –

فَالْعَاصِفَاتِ عَصْفًا  

{فالعاصفات عصفا} الرياح الشديدة.
quran:77:3 –

And ˹by˺ the winds that spread ˹clouds˺  

by the sweeping spreaders, ˹by˺ the winds that scatter the rains;
القرآن:٧٧:٣ –

وَالنَّاشِرَاتِ نَشْرًا  

{والناشرات نشرا} الرياح تنشر المطر.
quran:77:4 –

And those ˹angels˺ who bring criterion  

by the decisive discriminators, that is, ˹by˺ the verses of the Qur’ān, which discriminate between truth and falsehood, and between what is lawful and what is unlawful;
القرآن:٧٧:٤ –

فَالْفَارِقَاتِ فَرْقًا  

{فالفارقات فرقا} أي آيات القرآن تفرق بين الحق والباطل والحلال والحرام.
quran:77:5 –

And those ˹angels˺ who deliver a message  

by the casters of the remembrance, that is, ˹by˺ angels that descend with the revelation upon the prophets and messengers, casting the revelation onto the ˹various˺ communities ˹of mankind˺,
القرآن:٧٧:٥ –

فَالْمُلْقِيَاتِ ذِكْرًا  

{فالملقيات ذكرا} أي الملائكة تنزل بالوحي إلى الأنبياء والرسل يلقون الوحي إلى الأمم.
quran:77:6 –

As justification or warning,  

to excuse or to warn, that is to say, in order to excuse or to warn on behalf of God, exalted be He (a variant reading ˹for nudhran and ‘udhran˺ has nudhuran and ‘udhuran).
القرآن:٧٧:٦ –

عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا  

{عذْرا أو نذرا} أي للإعذار والإنذار من الله تعالى وفي قراءة بضم ذال نذرا وقرئ بضم ذال عذرا.
quran:77:7 –

Indeed, what you are promised is to occur.  

Surely that which you are promised, O disbelievers of Mecca, in the way of resurrection and chastisement, will befall: it will be, without any doubt.
القرآن:٧٧:٧ –

إِنَّمَا تُوعَدُونَ لَوَاقِعٌ  

{إنما توعدون} أي يا كفار مكة من البعث والعذاب {لواقع} كائن لا محالة.
quran:77:8 –

So when the stars are obliterated  

So when the stars are obliterated, ˹when˺ their light is extinguished,
القرآن:٧٧:٨ –

فَإِذَا النُّجُومُ طُمِسَتْ  

{فإذا النجوم طمست} محي نورها.
quran:77:9 –

And when the heaven is opened  

and when the heaven is rent asunder,
القرآن:٧٧:٩ –

وَإِذَا السَّمَاءُ فُرِجَتْ  

{وإذا السماء فرجت} شقت.
quran:77:10 –

And when the mountains are blown away  

and when the mountains are blown away, crushed to pieces and blown in the air,
القرآن:٧٧:١٠ –

وَإِذَا الْجِبَالُ نُسِفَتْ  

{وإذا الجبال نسفت} فتتت وسيرت.
quran:77:11 –

And when the messengers' time has come...  

and when the time is set for the ˹testimony of the˺ messengers (read uqqitat or wuqqitat), that is to say, ˹when˺ they are gathered to an appointed time,
القرآن:٧٧:١١ –

وَإِذَا الرُّسُلُ أُقِّتَتْ  

{وإذا الرسل أُقتت} بالواو وبالهمزة بدلا منها، أي جمعت لوقت.
quran:77:12 –

For what Day was it postponed?  

For what day — for a tremendous day — has it been appointed?, ˹it has been appointed˺ for witnessing ˹of the messengers˺ against their communities ˹to the effect˺ that they delivered ˹their messages from God˺.
القرآن:٧٧:١٢ –

لِأَيِّ يَوْمٍ أُجِّلَتْ  

{لأي يوم} ليوم عظيم {أُجلت} للشهادة على أممهم بالتبليغ.
quran:77:13 –

For the Day of Judgement.  

For the Day of Decision, for creatures (from this one may infer the response to ˹the clauses beginning with˺ idhā, ‘when’, in other words, ‘˹when …˺, the decision will be made for ˹all˺ creatures’).
القرآن:٧٧:١٣ –

لِيَوْمِ الْفَصْلِ  

{ليوم الفصل} بين الخلق ويؤخذ منه جواب إذا، أي وقع الفصل بين الخلائق.
quran:77:14 –

And what can make you know what is the Day of Judgement?  

And how would you know what the Day of Decision is? — emphasising the enormity of its terror.
القرآن:٧٧:١٤ –

وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا يَوْمُ الْفَصْلِ  

{وما أدراك ما يوم الفصل} تهويل لشأنه.
quran:77:15 –

Woe, that Day, to the deniers.  

Woe to the deniers on that day! — a threat of chastisement for them.
القرآن:٧٧:١٥ –

وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ  

{ويل يومئذ للمكذبين} هذا وعيد لهم.
quran:77:16 –

Did We not destroy the former peoples?  

Did We not destroy the ancients, for their denial, in other words, We certainly destroyed them,
القرآن:٧٧:١٦ –

أَلَمْ نُهْلِكِ الْأَوَّلِينَ  

{ألم نهلك الأولين} بتكذيبهم، أي أهلكناهم.
quran:77:17 –

Then We will follow them with the later ones.  

then made the latter folk follow them?, ˹the latter folk˺ of those who denied, such as the disbelievers of Mecca, whom We will destroy.
القرآن:٧٧:١٧ –

ثُمَّ نُتْبِعُهُمُ الْآخِرِينَ  

{ثم نتبعهم الآخرين} ممن كذبوا ككفار مكة فنهلكهم.
quran:77:18 –

Thus do We deal with the criminals.  

So, just as We dealt with those who denied, will We deal with the guilty, with every individual who will be guilty in the future, and destroy them.
القرآن:٧٧:١٨ –

كَذَٰلِكَ نَفْعَلُ بِالْمُجْرِمِينَ  

{كذلك} مثل ما فعلنا بالمكذبين {نفعل بالمجرمين} بكل من أجرم فيما يستقبل فنهلكهم.
quran:77:19 –

Woe, that Day, to the deniers.  

Woe to the deniers on that day! — ˹reiterated˺ for emphasis.
القرآن:٧٧:١٩ –

وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ  

{ويل يومئذ للمكذبين} تأكيد.
quran:77:20 –

Did We not create you from a liquid disdained?  

Did We not create you from a base fluid, one that is delicate — and this is semen,
القرآن:٧٧:٢٠ –

أَلَمْ نَخْلُقْكُمْ مِنْ مَاءٍ مَهِينٍ  

{أَلم نخلقكم من ماء مهين} ضعيف وهو المني.
quran:77:21 –

And We placed it in a firm lodging  

then lodged it in a secure abode, that is, the womb,
القرآن:٧٧:٢١ –

فَجَعَلْنَاهُ فِي قَرَارٍ مَكِينٍ  

{فجعلناه في قرار مكين} حريز وهو الرحم.
quran:77:22 –

For a known extent.  

for a known span?, namely, the time for delivery.
القرآن:٧٧:٢٢ –

إِلَىٰ قَدَرٍ مَعْلُومٍ  

{إلى قدر معلوم} وهو وقت الولادة.
quran:77:23 –

And We determined ˹it˺, and excellent ˹are We˺ to determine.  

Thus We were able, to do this; so ˹how˺ excellent able ones We are!
القرآن:٧٧:٢٣ –

فَقَدَرْنَا فَنِعْمَ الْقَادِرُونَ  

{فقَدرنا} على ذلك {فنعم القادرون} نحن.
quran:77:24 –

Woe, that Day, to the deniers.  

Woe to the deniers on that day!
القرآن:٧٧:٢٤ –

وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ  

{ويل يومئذ للمكذبين}.
quran:77:25 –

Have We not made the earth a container  

Have We not made the earth a receptacle (kifātan is a verbal noun, from kafata, meaning damma, ‘enclosed’), that is, an enclosure,
القرآن:٧٧:٢٥ –

أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الْأَرْضَ كِفَاتًا  

{ألم نجعل الأرض كفاتا} مصدر كفت بمعنى ضم، أي ضامة.
quran:77:26 –

Of the living and the dead?  

for the living, on its surface, and the dead, inside it,
القرآن:٧٧:٢٦ –

أَحْيَاءً وَأَمْوَاتًا  

{أحياءً} على ظهرها {وأمواتا} في بطنها.
quran:77:27 –

And We placed therein lofty, firmly set mountains and have given you to drink sweet water.  

and set therein soaring mountains and give you sweet water to drink?
القرآن:٧٧:٢٧ –

وَجَعَلْنَا فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ شَامِخَاتٍ وَأَسْقَيْنَاكُمْ مَاءً فُرَاتًا  

{وجعلنا فيها رواسيَ شامخات} جبالا مرتفعات {وأسقيناكم ماء فراتا} عذبا.
quran:77:28 –

Woe, that Day, to the deniers.  

Woe to the deniers on that day!
القرآن:٧٧:٢٨ –

وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ  

{ويل يومئذ للمكذبين} ويقال للمكذبين يوم القيامة:
quran:77:29 –

˹They will be told˺, "Proceed to that which you used to deny.  

And on the Day of Resurrection it will be said to the deniers: Depart to that, chastisement, which you used to deny!
القرآن:٧٧:٢٩ –

انْطَلِقُوا إِلَىٰ مَا كُنْتُمْ بِهِ تُكَذِّبُونَ  

{انطلقوا إلى ما كنتم به} من العذاب {تكذبون}.
quran:77:30 –

Proceed to a shadow ˹of smoke˺ having three columns  

Depart to a triple-forked shadow — this is the smoke of Hell, which, as it rises, splits into three parts because of its magnitude —
القرآن:٧٧:٣٠ –

انْطَلِقُوا إِلَىٰ ظِلٍّ ذِي ثَلَاثِ شُعَبٍ  

{انطلقوا إلى ظل ذي ثلاث شعب} هو دخان جهنم إذا ارتفع افترق ثلاث فرق لعظمه.
quran:77:31 –

˹But having˺ no cool shade and availing not against the flame."  

which is neither shady, ˹neither˺ protective, ˹unable˺ to shade them from the heat of that Day, nor of any avail against, ˹nor˺ wards off from them anything of, the flame, the Fire.
القرآن:٧٧:٣١ –

لَا ظَلِيلٍ وَلَا يُغْنِي مِنَ اللَّهَبِ  

{لا ظليل} كنين يظلهم من حر ذلك اليوم {ولا يغني} يرد عنهم شيئا {من اللهب} النار.
quran:77:32 –

Indeed, it throws sparks ˹as huge˺ as a fortress,  

Indeed it, that is, the Fire, throws up sparks, namely, those ˹flame˺ that are thrown by it into the air, ˹huge˺ like palace edifices, in terms of their enormity and vertical extension,
القرآن:٧٧:٣٢ –

إِنَّهَا تَرْمِي بِشَرَرٍ كَالْقَصْرِ  

{إنها} أي النار {ترمي بشرر} هو ما تطاير منها {كالقصر} من البناء في عظمه وارتفاعه.
quran:77:33 –

As if they were yellowish ˹black˺ camels.  

as if they were ˹dark˺ yellow camels (jimālātun is the plural of jimalatun, the plural of jamalun; a variant reading has jimālatun), in terms of their shape and colour. In hadīth ˹it is stated˺, ‘The sparks of humans ˹thrown into the air by the Fire˺ are black as pitch (qīr)’; the Arabs call dark camels sufr, ‘yellow’, because a touch of yellow is mixed with their blackish colour, and therefore it is said that ‘yellow’ in this verse ˹actually˺ means ‘black’, on account of what has been mentioned; but some say no ˹to this interpretation˺; (sharar is the plural of sharāra; qīr is qār, ‘pitch’).
القرآن:٧٧:٣٣ –

كَأَنَّهُ جِمَالَتٌ صُفْرٌ  

(كأنه جمالات) جمالات جمع جمل وفي قراءة جمالت (صفر) في هيئتها ولونها وفي الحديث "" شرار الناس أسود كالقير "" والعرب تسمي سود الإبل صفرا لشوب سوادها بصفرة فقيل صفر في الآية بمعنى سود لما ذكر وقيل لا، والشرر: جمع شرارة، والقير: القار.
quran:77:34 –

Woe, that Day, to the deniers.  

Woe to the deniers on that day!
القرآن:٧٧:٣٤ –

وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ  

{ويل يومئذ للمكذبين}.
quran:77:35 –

This is a Day they will not speak,  

This, namely, the Day of Resurrection, is the day in which they will not utter, anything,
القرآن:٧٧:٣٥ –

هَٰذَا يَوْمُ لَا يَنْطِقُونَ  

{هذا} أي يوم القيامة {يوم لا ينطقون} فيه بشيء.
quran:77:36 –

Nor will it be permitted for them to make an excuse.  

nor will they be given permission, to offer excuses, and so offer excuses (fa-ya‘tadhirūna is a supplement to yu’dhanu, ‘given permission’, but without being a direct result of it, since it belongs within the confines of the ˹general˺ denial ˹of permission˺, in other words, ‘there will be no permission, hence no excuses’).
القرآن:٧٧:٣٦ –

وَلَا يُؤْذَنُ لَهُمْ فَيَعْتَذِرُونَ  

{ولا يؤذن لهم} في العذر {فيعتذرون} عطف على يؤذن من غير تسبب عنه فهو داخل في حيز النفي، أي لا إذن فلا اعتذار.
quran:77:37 –

Woe, that Day, to the deniers.  

Woe to the deniers on that day!
القرآن:٧٧:٣٧ –

وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ  

{ويل يومئذ للمكذبين}.
quran:77:38 –

This is the Day of Judgement; We will have assembled you and the former peoples.  

‘This is the Day of Decision. We have brought you, O deniers from this community, and the ancients together, ˹the ancients˺ from among the deniers before you, so that you will ˹all˺ be reckoned with and chastised together;
القرآن:٧٧:٣٨ –

هَٰذَا يَوْمُ الْفَصْلِ ۖ جَمَعْنَاكُمْ وَالْأَوَّلِينَ  

{هذا يوم الفصل جمعناكم} أيها المكذبون من هذه الأمة {والأولين} من المكذبين قبلكم فتحاسبون وتعذبون جميعا.
quran:77:39 –

So if you have a plan, then plan against Me.  

So if you have any stratagems, any ploy to ward off your chastisement, try your strategems against Me!’ — put them into effect!
القرآن:٧٧:٣٩ –

فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ كَيْدٌ فَكِيدُونِ  

{فإن كان لكم كيد} حيلة في دفع العذاب عنكم {فكيدون} فافعلوها.
quran:77:40 –

Woe, that Day, to the deniers.  

Woe to the deniers on that day!
القرآن:٧٧:٤٠ –

وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ  

{ويل يومئذ للمكذبين}.
quran:77:41 –

Indeed, the righteous will be among shades and springs  

Truly the God-fearing will be amid shades, that is, amid clusters of trees, since there is no sun therein from whose heat to seek shade, and springs, issuing forth with water,
القرآن:٧٧:٤١ –

إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي ظِلَالٍ وَعُيُونٍ  

{إن المتقين في ظلال} أي تكاثف أشجار إذ لا شمس يظل من حرها {وعيون} نابعة من الماء.
quran:77:42 –

And fruits from whatever they desire,  

and fruits such as they desire: this is meant to point out that eating and drinking in Paradise is ˹done˺ according to their desires, in contrast to ˹the case in˺ this world, where it is predominantly determined by what people are able to procure. It will also be said to them:
القرآن:٧٧:٤٢ –

وَفَوَاكِهَ مِمَّا يَشْتَهُونَ  

{وفواكه مما يشتهون} فيه إعلام بأن المأكل والمشرب في الجنة بحسب شهواتهم بخلاف الدنيا فبحسب ما يجد الناس في الأغلب ويقال لهم:
quran:77:43 –

˹Being told˺, "Eat and drink in satisfaction for what you used to do."  

‘Eat and drink in ˹full˺ enjoyment (hanī’an is a circumstantial qualifier, in other words, mutahanni’īna) for what you used to do’, in the way of obedience.
القرآن:٧٧:٤٣ –

كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا هَنِيئًا بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ  

{كلوا واشربوا هنيئا} حال، أي متهنئين {بما كنتم تعملون} من الطاعة.
quran:77:44 –

Indeed, We thus reward the doers of good.  

Indeed so, in the same way that We reward the God-fearing, do We reward the virtuous.
القرآن:٧٧:٤٤ –

إِنَّا كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ  

{إنا كذلك} كما جزينا المتقين {نجزي المحسنين}.
quran:77:45 –

Woe, that Day, to the deniers.  

Woe to the deniers on that day!
القرآن:٧٧:٤٥ –

وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ  

{ويل يومئذ للمكذبين}.
quran:77:46 –

˹O disbelievers˺, eat and enjoy yourselves a little; indeed, you are criminals.  

‘Eat and enjoy — addressing the disbelievers in this world — for a little, time, at the end of which comes death — this is meant as a threat for them. Indeed you are guilty!’
القرآن:٧٧:٤٦ –

كُلُوا وَتَمَتَّعُوا قَلِيلًا إِنَّكُمْ مُجْرِمُونَ  

{كلوا وتمتعوا} خطاب للكفار في الدنيا {قليلا} من الزمان وغايته الموت، وفي هذا تهديد لهم {إنكم مجرمون}.
quran:77:47 –

Woe, that Day, to the deniers.  

Woe to the deniers on that day!
القرآن:٧٧:٤٧ –

وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ  

{ويل يومئذ للمكذبين}.
quran:77:48 –

And when it is said to them, "Bow ˹in prayer˺," they do not bow.  

For when it is said to them, ‘Bow down!’, perform prayer, they do not bow down, they do not perform prayer.
القرآن:٧٧:٤٨ –

وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ ارْكَعُوا لَا يَرْكَعُونَ  

{وإذا قيل لهم اركعوا} صلوا {لا يركعون} لا يصلون.
quran:77:49 –

Woe, that Day, to the deniers.  

Woe to the deniers on that day!
القرآن:٧٧:٤٩ –

وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلْمُكَذِّبِينَ  

{ويل يومئذ للمكذبين}.
quran:77:50 –

Then in what statement after the Qur'an will they believe?  

In what discourse, then, after this, namely, the Qur’ān, will they believe? In other words, they cannot believe in any other of God’s Scriptures after having denied this ˹Qur’ān˺, since it comprises that inimitability (i‘jāz) which none of the others do. Meccan, consisting of 40 or 41 verses.
القرآن:٧٧:٥٠ –

فَبِأَيِّ حَدِيثٍ بَعْدَهُ يُؤْمِنُونَ  

{فبأي حديث بعده} أي القرآن {يؤمنون} أي لا يمكن إيمانهم بغيره من كتب الله بعد تكذيبهم به لاشتماله على الإعجاز الذي لم يشتمل عليه غيره.