24. Sūrat al-Nūr

٢٤۔ سُورَةُ النُّور

24.4 Slander against a wife of the Prophet. God declared the Prophet's wife to be innocent.

٢٤۔٤ مقطع في سُورَةُ النُّور

quran:24:11

Indeed, those who came with falsehood are a group among you. Do not think it bad for you; rather it is good for you. For every person among them is what ˹punishment˺ he has earned from the sin, and he who took upon himself the greater portion thereof - for him is a great punishment.  

Truly those who initiated the slander, the worst calumny against ‘Ā’isha — mother of the believers, may God be pleased with her — accusing her ˹of fornication˺, are a band from among yourselves, a group from among the believers. She said ˹that these were˺ Hassān b. Thābit, ‘Abd Allāh b. Ubayy, Mistah ˹b. Uthātha˺, and Hamna bt. Jahsh. Do not suppose, O you believers other than the ˹mentioned˺ band, that it is bad for you; rather it is good for you, for God will reward you for it and reveal ‘Ā’isha’s innocence and ˹the innocence of˺ the one who ˹is supposed to have˺ committed it with her, namely, Safwān ˹b. al-Mu‘attal˺. She ˹‘Ā’isha˺ related: ‘I accompanied the Prophet (s) during a raid, and this was after the ˹requirement to wear the˺ veil had been revealed. When he was through with it ˹the raid˺, he headed back ˹to the campsite˺ and one night, having drawn close to Medina, he announced that all should march off ˹home˺. So I walked a distance ˹away from the campsite˺ and relieved myself. But when I came back to the campsite, ˹I realised that˺ my necklace (‘iqd meaning qilāda) had snapped. So I went back to look for it. In the meantime they had strapped my litter’ — in which one rides — ‘thinking that I was inside, for in those days women were slight and ate very small portions (‘ulqa). ˹Finally˺ I found my necklace, but when I went back to where I had been staying overnight, they had already departed. I sat in the place where I had camped; I assumed that the group would notice my absence and come back for me. But my eyes were overcome ˹by drowsiness˺ and I fell asleep. Safwān had pitched camp behind the army to rest for some of the night (‘arrasa), then set off while it was still night until he reached the site of the camp. He saw what looked like a person sleeping and recognised me when he ˹eventually˺ saw me, having seen me on numerous occasions before the ˹requirement of the˺ veil. I woke up to the sound of him saying, ‘To God we belong and to Him we shall surely return’ (innā li’Llāhi wa-innā ilayhi rāji‘ūn), for he had recognised me. So I concealed my face with my gown (jilbāb) — in other words, I covered it up with my wrap (mulā’a). By God he did not so much as say a word to me, nor did I hear him say anything other than the words, ‘To God we belong and to Him we shall surely return’, as he brought his camel to its knees and pressed with his foot against its foreleg ˹for me to mount it˺. I then mounted it and he set off leading me back on the camel until we reached the army which had stopped because of the extreme midday heat; some had died ˹searching˺ for me. The one who bore the greater share of it ˹the sinful accusation˺ was ‘Abd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl’ … her ˹‘Ā’isha’s˺ words end here; this was reported by the two Shaykhs ˹al-Bukhārī and Muslim˺. God, exalted be He, says: Upon every man of them shall be the ˹onus of the˺ sin which he has earned, in this ˹affair˺, and as for him who bore the greater share thereof, that is, ˹him who˺ assumed most of ˹the responsibility for˺ it, having initiated it and made it public, namely, ‘Abd Allah b. Ubayy: there will be an awful chastisement for him, namely, the Fire in the Hereafter.
القرآن:٢٤:١١

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ ۚ لَا تَحْسَبُوهُ شَرًّا لَكُمْ ۖ بَلْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۚ لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا اكْتَسَبَ مِنَ الْإِثْمِ ۚ وَالَّذِي تَوَلَّىٰ كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ  

(إن الذين جاءوا بالإفك) أسوأ الكذب على عائشة ؓ، أم المؤمنين بقذفها (عصبة منكم) جماعة من المؤمنين قالت: حسان بن ثابت، وعبد الله بن أبي، ومسطح، وحمنة بنت جحش (لا تحسبوه) أيها المؤمنون غير العصبة (شرا لكم بل هو خير لكم) يأجركم الله به، ويظهر براءة عائشة ومن جاء معها منه وهو صفوان، فإنها قالت: " كنت مع النبي ﷺ في غزوة بعدما أنزل الحجاب، ففرغ منها ورجع ودنا من المدينة، وآذن بالرحيل ليلة فمشيت وقضيت شأني وأقبلت إلى الرحل فإذا عقدي انقطع ـ هو بكسر المهملة: القلادة ـ فرجعت ألتمسه، وحملوا هودجي ـ هو ما يركب فيه ـ على بعيري يحسبونني فيه، وكانت النساء خفافا إنما يأكلن العلقة ـ هو بضم المهملة وسكون اللام من الطعام: أي القليل ـ ووجدت عقدي وجئت بعدما ساروا فجلست في المنزل الذي كنت فيه، وظننت أن القوم سيفقدونني فيرجعون إلي فغلبتني عيناي فنمت وكان صفوان قد عرس من وراء الجيش فأدلج ـ هما بتشديد الراء والدال أي نزل من آخر الليل للاستراحة ـ فسار منه فأصبح في منزله فرأى سواد إنسان نائم ـ أي شخصه ـ فعرفني حين رآني، وكان يراني قبل الحجاب، فاستيقظت باست
quran:24:12

Why, when you heard it, did not the believing men and believing women think good of one another and say, "This is an obvious falsehood"?  

Why, when you ˹first˺ heard about it, did the believing men and women not think good of themselves, that is, ˹why did˺ some ˹not˺ think good of others, and say, ‘This is a manifest calumny?’, ˹this is˺ a patent lie? (there is a shift here in the address from the second to the third person), in other words, ˹why did˺ you ˹not˺ assume ˹good of them˺, O band ˹of believers˺ and say:
القرآن:٢٤:١٢

لَوْلَا إِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ ظَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ خَيْرًا وَقَالُوا هَٰذَا إِفْكٌ مُبِينٌ  

{لولا} هلا {إذ} حين {سمعتموه ظن المؤمنين والمؤمنات بأنفسهم} أي بعضهم ببعض {خيرا وقالوا هذا إفك مبين} كذب بيِّن، فيه التفات عن الخطاب أي ظننتم أيها العصبة وقلتم.
quran:24:13

Why did they ˹who slandered˺ not produce for it four witnesses? And when they do not produce the witnesses, then it is they, in the sight of Allah, who are the liars.  

Why did they, that is, this band ˹of accusers˺, not produce four witnesses to it?, who had witnessed it. And since they did not produce the witnesses, those, in God’s sight, in His judgement, they are liars, in this ˹matter˺.
القرآن:٢٤:١٣

لَوْلَا جَاءُوا عَلَيْهِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ ۚ فَإِذْ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِالشُّهَدَاءِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ  

{لولا} هلا {جاءُوا} أي العصبة {عليه بأربعة شهداء} شاهدوه {فإذا لم يأتوا بالشهداء فأولئك عند الله} أي في حكمه {هم الكاذبون} فيه.
quran:24:14

And if it had not been for the favor of Allah upon you and His mercy in this world and the Hereafter, you would have been touched for that ˹lie˺ in which you were involved by a great punishment  

And were it not for God’s bounty to you and His mercy in the life of this world and the Hereafter there would have befallen you, for what you, O band ˹of accusers˺, engaged in, ˹for˺ what you indulged in, an awful chastisement, in the Hereafter;
القرآن:٢٤:١٤

وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِي مَا أَفَضْتُمْ فِيهِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ  

{ولولا فضل الله عليكم ورحمته في الدنيا والآخرة لمسكم فيما أفضتم} أيها العصبة أي خضتم {فيه عذاب عظيم} في الآخرة.
quran:24:15

When you received it with your tongues and said with your mouths that of which you had no knowledge and thought it was insignificant while it was, in the sight of Allah, tremendous.  

when you were receiving it ˹welcomingly˺ with your tongues, that is to say, ˹when˺ you were reporting it one from the other (one of the two letters tā’ has been omitted from the verb ˹tatalaqqawnahu, ‘you were receiving it’˺; idh, ‘when’, is dependent because of massakum, ‘befallen you’, or afadtum, ‘engaged in’) and were uttering with your mouths that whereof you had no knowledge, supposing it to be a light matter, a sinless ˹act˺, while with God it was grave, in sinfulness.
القرآن:٢٤:١٥

إِذْ تَلَقَّوْنَهُ بِأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَتَقُولُونَ بِأَفْوَاهِكُمْ مَا لَيْسَ لَكُمْ بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَتَحْسَبُونَهُ هَيِّنًا وَهُوَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمٌ  

إذ تلقونه بألسنتكم} أي يرونه بعضكم عن بعض وحذف من الفعل إحدى التاءين وإذ منصوب بمسكم أو بأفضتم {وتقولون بأفواهكم ما ليس لكم به علم وتحسبونه هينا} لا إثم فيه {وهو عند الله عظيم} في الإثم.
quran:24:16

And why, when you heard it, did you not say, "It is not for us to speak of this. Exalted are You, ˹O Allah˺; this is a great slander"?  

And why, when you heard it, did you not say, ‘It is not for us to speak about this. Glory be to You! — this ˹exclamation˺ here is meant to indicate amazement — This is an awful calumny?’, ˹an awful˺ lie?
القرآن:٢٤:١٦

وَلَوْلَا إِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ قُلْتُمْ مَا يَكُونُ لَنَا أَنْ نَتَكَلَّمَ بِهَٰذَا سُبْحَانَكَ هَٰذَا بُهْتَانٌ عَظِيمٌ  

{ولولا} هلا {إذ} حين {سمعتموه قلتم ما يكون} ما ينبغي {لنا أن نتكلم بهذا سبحانك} هو للتعجيب هنا {هذا بهتان} كذب {عظيم}.
quran:24:17

Allah warns you against returning to the likes of this ˹conduct˺, ever, if you should be believers.  

God admonishes you, He forbids you, lest you should ever repeat the like of it, if you are ˹in truth˺ believers, ˹then˺ you will be admonished by this.
القرآن:٢٤:١٧

يَعِظُكُمُ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَعُودُوا لِمِثْلِهِ أَبَدًا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ  

{يعظكم الله} ينهاكم {أن تعودوا لمثله أبدا إن كنتم مؤمنين} تتعظون بذلك.
quran:24:18

And Allah makes clear to you the verses, and Allah is Knowing and Wise.  

And God clarifies for you the signs, through commands and prohibitions, and God is Knower, of what He enjoins and what He prohibits, Wise, therein.
القرآن:٢٤:١٨

وَيُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمُ الْآيَاتِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ  

{ويبين الله لكم الآيات} في الأمر والنهي {والله عليم} بما يأمر به وينهي عنه {حكيم} فيه.
quran:24:19

Indeed, those who like that immorality should be spread ˹or publicized˺ among those who have believed will have a painful punishment in this world and the Hereafter. And Allah knows and you do not know.  

Truly those who love that indecency should be spread, by the tongue, concerning those who believe, by its being associated with them — and the ones ˹meant˺ are the band — theirs will be a painful chastisement in the life of this world, by way of the prescribed ˹legal˺ punishment for ˹false˺ accusation, and the Hereafter, by way of the Fire, as is God’s due, and God knows, that such ˹indecency˺ does not apply in their case, and you, O band ˹of accusers˺, as regards the calumny of which you spoke, do not know, whether such ˹indecency˺ took place among them.
القرآن:٢٤:١٩

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ تَشِيعَ الْفَاحِشَةُ فِي الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ  

{إن الذين يحبون أن تشيع الفاحشة} باللسان {في الذين آمنوا} بنسبتها إليهم وهم العصبة {لهم عذاب أليم في الدنيا} بحد القذف {والآخرة} بالنار لحق الله {والله يعلم} انتفاءها عنهم {وأنتم} أيها العصبة بما قلتم من الإفك {لا تعلمون} وجودها فيهم.
quran:24:20

And if it had not been for the favor of Allah upon you and His mercy... and because Allah is Kind and Merciful.  

And were it not for God’s bounty to you, O band ˹of accusers˺ and His mercy and that God is Gentle, Merciful, to you, He would have surely hastened to ˹bring about˺ your punishment.
القرآن:٢٤:٢٠

وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{ولولا فضل الله عليكم} أيها العصبة {ورحمته وأن الله رؤوف رحيم} بكم لعاجلكم بالعقوبة.