24. Sūrat al-Nūr

٢٤۔ سُورَةُ النُّور

Qurʾān > Chapter 24 > Section 8
القرآن > كتاب ٢٤ > باب ٨

24.8 God's order for single people to get married. God's order to grant liberty to those slaves who seek to buy their freedom.

٢٤۔٨ مقطع في سُورَةُ النُّور

quran:24:32 –

And marry the unmarried among you and the righteous among your male slaves and female slaves. If they should be poor, Allah will enrich them from His bounty, and Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing.  

And marry off the spouseless among you (ayāmā is the plural form of ayyim, namely, a spouseless female, whether she be a virgin or one previously married, or a spouseless male), this ˹stipulation˺ relates to free men and free women, and the righteous ones, the believers, among your male slaves and your female slaves (‘ibād is one plural form of ‘abd). If they, the free men, are poor, God will enrich them, through marriage, out of His bounty. God is Embracing, of ˹the needs of˺ His creatures, Knowing, of them.
القرآن:٢٤:٣٢ –

وَأَنْكِحُوا الْأَيَامَىٰ مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ عِبَادِكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ ۚ إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَرَاءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ  

{وأنكحوا الأيامى منكم} جمع أيم: وهي من ليس لها زوج بكرا كانت أو ثيبا ومن ليس له زوج وهذا في الأحرار والحرائر {والصالحين} المؤمنين {من عبادكم وإمائكم} وعباد من جموع عبد {إن يكونوا} أي الأحرار {فقراء يغنهم الله} بالتزوج {من فضله والله واسع} لخلقه {عليم} بهم.
quran:24:33 –

But let them who find not ˹the means for˺ marriage abstain ˹from sexual relations˺ until Allah enriches them from His bounty. And those who seek a contract ˹for eventual emancipation˺ from among whom your right hands possess - then make a contract with them if you know there is within them goodness and give them from the wealth of Allah which He has given you. And do not compel your slave girls to prostitution, if they desire chastity, to seek ˹thereby˺ the temporary interests of worldly life. And if someone should compel them, then indeed, Allah is ˹to them˺, after their compulsion, Forgiving and Merciful.  

And let those who cannot find the means to marry be continent, ˹those who do not have˺ the bridal money or the means for financial support needed for marriage, ˹let them restrain themselves˺ from fornication, until God enriches them, ˹until˺ He improves their means, out of His bounty, and they marry. And those who seek a written contract ˹of emancipation˺, from among those whom your right hand owns, of male slaves and female slaves, contract with them accordingly, if you know in them any good, such as trustworthiness and the ability to earn ˹income˺ in order to fulfil the amount stated in the written contract, which might be worded for example thus: ‘I contract you for ˹the amount of˺ two thousand to be paid over a period of two months, at one thousand a month, and if you fulfill this, you are a free man’, and the other would say, ‘I accept’; and give them — this is a command for the ˹slaves’˺ owners — out of the wealth of God which He has given you, in the measure that will help them to fulfill their commitment to you (the action of ītā’, ‘giving’, here suggests that some of the amount to which they have committed themselves should be waived). And do not compel your slave-girls, your handmaidens, to prostitution, fornication, when they desire to be chaste, to abstain therefrom (this ‘desire’ is the cause of the ˹act of˺ ‘compulsion’, so that the statement is not properly a conditional), that you may seek, through such compulsion, the transient things of the life of this world — this was revealed regarding ‘Abd Allāh b. Ubayy, who used to force his slave-girls to earn money through fornication. And should anyone compel them, then surely God, after their compulsion, will be Forgiving, to these ˹slave-girls˺, Merciful, to them.
القرآن:٢٤:٣٣ –

وَلْيَسْتَعْفِفِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَجِدُونَ نِكَاحًا حَتَّىٰ يُغْنِيَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ يَبْتَغُونَ الْكِتَابَ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا ۖ وَآتُوهُمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي آتَاكُمْ ۚ وَلَا تُكْرِهُوا فَتَيَاتِكُمْ عَلَى الْبِغَاءِ إِنْ أَرَدْنَ تَحَصُّنًا لِتَبْتَغُوا عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۚ وَمَنْ يُكْرِهْهُنَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ مِنْ بَعْدِ إِكْرَاهِهِنَّ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{وليستعفف الذين لا يجدون نكاحا} ما ينكحون به من مهر ونفقة عن الزنا {حتى يغنيهم الله} يوسع عليهم {من فضله} فينكحون {والذين يبتغون الكتاب} بمعنى المكاتبة {مما ملكت أيمانكم} من العبيد والإماء {فكاتبوهم إن علمتم فيهم خيرا} أي أمانة وقدرة على الكسب لأداء مال الكتابة وصيغتها مثلا: كاتبتك على ألفين في شهرين كل شهر ألف فإذا أديتها فأنت حر فيقول قبلت {وآتوهم} أمر للسادة {من مال الله الذي آتاكم} ما يستعينون به في أداء ما التزموه لكم وفي معنى الإيتاء حط شيء مما التزموه {ولا تكرهوا فتياتكم} إماءكم {على البغاء} الزنا {إن أردن تحصنا} تعففا عنه وهذه الإرادة محل الإكراه فلا مفهوم للشرط {لتبتغوا} بالإكراه {عرض الحياة الدنيا} نزلت في عبد الله بن أبي كان يكره جواريه على الكسب بالزنا {ومن يكرههن فإن الله من بعد إكراههن غفور} لهن {رحيم} بهن.
quran:24:34 –

And We have certainly sent down to you distinct verses and examples from those who passed on before you and an admonition for those who fear Allah.  

And verily We have revealed to you clear verses (read mubayyanāt or mubayyināt), in this sūra, ˹verses˺ in which ˹if read mubayyanāt˺ what is mentioned is ˹already˺ clear, or which ˹if read mubayyināt˺ are clarificatory of ˹that which is mentioned˺, and an example, a curious tale, namely, that of ‘Ā’isha, of those who passed away before you, that is to say, of their kind of example, that is, ˹an example˺ of their curious tales, such as the tales of Joseph and Mary, and an admonition for those who fear God, in what He, exalted be He, has said: And do not let any pity for them overcome you in God’s religion ˹verse 2, above˺; and, Why, when you ˹first˺ heard about it, did the believing men ˹and women˺ not think ˹good of themselves˺… to the end ˹of verse 12, above˺; and, And why, when you heard it, did you not say … to the end ˹of verse 16, above˺; and, God admonishes you lest you should ever repeat ˹the like of it˺ … to the end ˹of verse 17, above˺. This ˹admonition˺ is specifically for ‘those who fear God’ because they are the ones to benefit from such ˹an admonition˺.
القرآن:٢٤:٣٤ –

وَلَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ آيَاتٍ مُبَيِّنَاتٍ وَمَثَلًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمَوْعِظَةً لِلْمُتَّقِينَ  

{ولقد أنزلنا إليكم آيات مبيَّنات} بفتح الياء وكسرها في هذه السورة، بيَّن فيها ما ذكر أو بينة {ومثلاً} خبرا عجيبا وهو خبر عائشة {من الذين خلوْا من قبلكم} أي من جنس أمثالهم أي أخبارهم العجيبة كخبر يوسف ومريم {وموعظة للمتقين} في قوله تعالى (ولا تأخذكم بها رائفة في دين الله) (لولا إذ سمعتموه ظن المؤمنون) الخ (ولولا إذ سمعتموه قلتم) الخ (يعظكم الله أن تعودوا) الخ وتخصيصها بالمتقين لأنهم المنتفعون بها.