22. Sūrat al-Ḥajj

٢٢۔ سُورَةُ الحَج

22.11 Permission is granted to the believers to fight in self defence, and for the cause of God.

٢٢۔١١ مقطع في سُورَةُ الحَج

quran:22:39

Permission ˹to fight˺ has been given to those who are being fought, because they were wronged. And indeed, Allah is competent to give them victory.  

Permission is granted to those who fight, namely, to the believers, to fight back — this was the first verse to be revealed regarding the struggle ˹in the way of God˺ (jihād), because they have been wronged, as a result of the wrong done to them by the disbelievers. And God is truly able to help them;
القرآن:٢٢:٣٩

أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَاتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ ظُلِمُوا ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ نَصْرِهِمْ لَقَدِيرٌ  

{أذن للذين يقاتلون} أي للمؤمنين أن يقاتلوا، وهذه أول آية نزلت في الجهاد {بأنهم} أي بسبب أنهم {ظلموا} لظلم الكافرين إياهم {وإن الله على نصرهم لقدير}.
quran:22:40

˹They are˺ those who have been evicted from their homes without right - only because they say, "Our Lord is Allah." And were it not that Allah checks the people, some by means of others, there would have been demolished monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques in which the name of Allah is much mentioned. And Allah will surely support those who support Him. Indeed, Allah is Powerful and Exalted in Might.  

they are, those who were expelled from their homes without right, for their expulsion; they were expelled, only because they said, that is, because of their saying: ‘Our Lord is God’, alone: such a saying is ‘right’, and so then to be expelled for ˹saying˺ it is to be expelled without right. Were it not for God’s causing some people (ba‘dahum, ‘some’, substitutes for al-nāsa, ‘people’) to drive back others, destruction would have befallen (read la-huddimat to emphasise a great number ˹of destructions˺; or read la-hudimat) the monasteries, (sawāmi‘) is for monks, and churches, (kanā’is) are for Christians, and synagogues, (salawāt) is the Hebrew term for Jewish houses of worship (kanā’is), and mosques, (masājid) are for Muslims, in which, that is, in which mentioned places, God’s Name is mentioned greatly, and with such destruction acts of worship cease. Assuredly God will help those who help Him, that is, ˹who˺ help His religion. God is truly Strong, overpowering His creation, Mighty, Invincible in terms of His dominion and power;
القرآن:٢٢:٤٠

الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ إِلَّا أَنْ يَقُولُوا رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ۗ وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَهُدِّمَتْ صَوَامِعُ وَبِيَعٌ وَصَلَوَاتٌ وَمَسَاجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اسْمُ اللَّهِ كَثِيرًا ۗ وَلَيَنْصُرَنَّ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَقَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ  

هم {الذين أخرجوا من ديارهم بغير حق} في الإخراج، ما أخرجوا {إلا أن يقولوا} أي بقولهم {ربنا الله} وحده وهذا القول حق فالإخراج به إخراج بغير حق {ولولا دفع الله الناس بعضهم} بدل بعض من الناس {ببعض لهدمت} بالتشديد للتكثير وبالتخفيف {صوامع} للرهبان {وبيع} كنائس للنصارى {وصلوات} كنائس لليهود بالعبرانية {ومساجد} للمسلمين {يذكر فيها} أي المواضع المذكورة {اسم الله كثيرا} وتنقطع العبادات بخرابها {ولينصرن الله من ينصره} أي ينصر دينه {إن الله لقويٌ} على خلقه {عزيز} منيع في سلطانه وقدرته.
quran:22:41

˹And they are˺ those who, if We give them authority in the land, establish prayer and give zakah and enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong. And to Allah belongs the outcome of ˹all˺ matters.  

those who, if We empower them in the land, by granting them victory over their enemies, maintain the prayer, and pay the alms, and enjoin decency and forbid indecency (this ˹last˺ is the response to the conditional clause, which together with the response constitute a relative clause of the relative noun ˹‘those who’˺; hum, ‘they ˹are˺’, may be taken as the implied subject before this). And with God rests the outcome of all matters, in other words, to Him these ˹matters˺ return in the Hereafter.
القرآن:٢٢:٤١

الَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنَّاهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَنَهَوْا عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ ۗ وَلِلَّهِ عَاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ  

{الذين إن مكانهم في الأرض} بنصرهم على عدوهم {أقاموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة وأمروا بالمعروف ونهوا عن المنكر} جواب الشرط، وهو وجوابه صلة الموصول، ويقدر قبله هم بمبتدأ {ولله عاقبة الأمور} أي إليه مرجعها في الآخرة.