18. Sūrat al-Kahf (3/3)

١٨۔ سُورَةُ الكهْف ص ٣

Qurʾān > Chapter 18
القرآن > كتاب ١٨

The Cave (Meccan)

quran:18:101 –

Those whose eyes had been within a cover ˹removed˺ from My remembrance, and they were not able to hear.  

those ˹disbelievers˺ whose eyes (alladhīna kānat a‘yunuhum substitutes for al-kāfirīna, ‘the disbelievers’) were masked from My remembrance, namely, the Qur’ān, such that they were blind, unable to be guided thereby, and who could not ˹bear to˺ hear, that is to say, they were unable to listen to what the Prophet used to recite to them, out of spite for him, and so they did not believe therein.
القرآن:١٨:١٠١ –

الَّذِينَ كَانَتْ أَعْيُنُهُمْ فِي غِطَاءٍ عَنْ ذِكْرِي وَكَانُوا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ سَمْعًا  

{الذين كانت أعينهم} بدل من الكافرين {في غطاء عن ذكري} أي القرآن فهم عمي لا يهتدون به {وكانوا لا يستطيعون سمعا} أي لا يقدرون أن يسمعوا من النبي ما يتلو عليهم بغضا له فلا يؤمنون به.
quran:18:102 –

Then do those who disbelieve think that they can take My servants instead of Me as allies? Indeed, We have prepared Hell for the disbelievers as a lodging.  

Do the disbelievers reckon that they can take My servants, namely, My angels, ˹as well as˺ Jesus and Ezra, as patrons, as lords, beside Me? (awliyā’a, ‘as patrons’, constitutes the second ˹direct˺ object of ˹the verb˺ yattakhidhū, ‘that they can take’; the second direct object of ˹the verb˺ hasiba, ‘reckon’, has been omitted). The meaning is: do they suppose that the mentioned ‘taking ˹as patrons˺’ will not incur My wrath and that I will not punish them for this? No! Truly We have prepared Hell for the disbelievers, these ˹the ones mentioned above˺ and others, as ˹a place of˺ hospitality, in other words, it has been prepared for them just as a house is prepared for a guest.
القرآن:١٨:١٠٢ –

أَفَحَسِبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنْ يَتَّخِذُوا عِبَادِي مِنْ دُونِي أَوْلِيَاءَ ۚ إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا جَهَنَّمَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ نُزُلًا  

{أفحسب الذين كفروا أن يتخذوا عبادي} أي ملائكتي وعيسى وعزيرا {من دوني أولياء} أربابا مفعول ثان ليتخذوا والمفعول الثاني لحسب محذوف المعنى أظنوا أن الاتخاذ المذكور لا يغضبني ولا أعاقبهم عليه كلا {إنا أعتدنا جهنم للكافرين} هؤلاء وغيرهم {نُزلاً} أي هي معدة لهم كالمنزل المعد للضيف.
quran:18:103 –

Say, ˹O Muhammad˺, "Shall we ˹believers˺ inform you of the greatest losers as to ˹their˺ deeds?  

Say: ‘Shall We inform you who will be the greatest losers in ˹regard to˺ their works? (al-akhsarīna a‘mālan, a specification that happens to correspond to that which is specifically meant); and these ˹losers˺ are described in His words ˹as being˺:
القرآن:١٨:١٠٣ –

قُلْ هَلْ نُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِالْأَخْسَرِينَ أَعْمَالًا  

{قل هل ننبِّئكم بالأخسرين أعمالاً} تمييز طابق المميز، وبيَّنهم بقوله:
quran:18:104 –

˹They are˺ those whose effort is lost in worldly life, while they think that they are doing well in work."  

Those whose effort goes astray in the life of this world, ˹those˺ whose deeds are invalid, while they reckon, they think, that they are doing good work, ˹good˺ deeds for which they will be rewarded.
القرآن:١٨:١٠٤ –

الَّذِينَ ضَلَّ سَعْيُهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَهُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُحْسِنُونَ صُنْعًا  

{الذين ضل سعيهم في الحياة الدنيا} بطل عملهم {وهم يحسبون} يظنون {أنهم يحسنون صنعا} عملاً يجازون عليه.
quran:18:105 –

Those are the ones who disbelieve in the verses of their Lord and in ˹their˺ meeting Him, so their deeds have become worthless; and We will not assign to them on the Day of Resurrection any importance.  

Those are they who disbelieve in the signs of their Lord, in the proofs of His Oneness, ˹proofs˺ such as the Qur’ān and otherwise, and the encounter with Him’, that is, and ˹who disbelieve˺ in resurrection, reckoning, reward and punishment. So their works have failed, they are invalid, and on the Day of Resurrection We shall not assign any weight to them, in other words, We shall not accord them any value.
القرآن:١٨:١٠٥ –

أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِمْ وَلِقَائِهِ فَحَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فَلَا نُقِيمُ لَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَزْنًا  

{أولئك الذين كفروا بآيات ربهم} بدلائل توحيده من القرآن وغيره {ولقائه} أي وبالبعث والحساب والثواب والعقاب {فحبطت أعمالهم} بطلت {فلا نقيم لهم يوم القيامة وزنا} أي لا نجعل لهم قدرا.
quran:18:106 –

That is their recompense - Hell - for what they denied and ˹because˺ they took My signs and My messengers in ridicule.  

That, namely, the matter which I ˹God˺ have mentioned concerning the failure of their deeds and so on (dhālika, ‘that’, constitutes the subject) is their requital — Hell — because they disbelieved and took My signs and My messengers in mockery, that is to say, ˹taking˺ both of them as something to be derided.
القرآن:١٨:١٠٦ –

ذَٰلِكَ جَزَاؤُهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ بِمَا كَفَرُوا وَاتَّخَذُوا آيَاتِي وَرُسُلِي هُزُوًا  

{ذلك} أي الأمر الذي ذكرت عن حُبوط أعمالهم وغيره مبتدأ خبره {جزاؤهم جهنم بما كفروا واتخذوا آياتي ورسلي هزوا} أي مهزوءا بهما.
quran:18:107 –

Indeed, those who have believed and done righteous deeds - they will have the Gardens of Paradise as a lodging,  

Truly those who believe and perform righteous deeds — theirs will be, according to God’s prescience, the gardens of Firdaws, which are at the centre of Paradise and ˹at˺ its highest part (the annexation thereto ˹of firdaws to jannāt, ‘gardens’˺ is explicative) as ˹a place of˺ hospitality, as an abode;
القرآن:١٨:١٠٧ –

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ نُزُلًا  

{إن الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات كانت لهم} في علم الله {جناتُ الفردوس} هو وسط الجنة وأعلاها والإضافة إليه للبيان {نُزُلاً} منزلاً.
quran:18:108 –

Wherein they abide eternally. They will not desire from it any transfer.  

wherein they will abide, with no desire, demand, to be removed from them, to be transferred to some other ˹gardens˺.
القرآن:١٨:١٠٨ –

خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا لَا يَبْغُونَ عَنْهَا حِوَلًا  

{خالدين فيها لا يبغون} يطلبون {عنها حولاً} تحولاً إلى غيرها.
quran:18:109 –

Say, "If the sea were ink for ˹writing˺ the words of my Lord, the sea would be exhausted before the words of my Lord were exhausted, even if We brought the like of it as a supplement."  

Say: ‘If the sea, in other words, ˹if˺ its waters, were ink (midād is what one writes with) for the Words of my Lord, ˹Words˺ that testify to His laws and His marvels, such that these ˹Words˺ are written with it, the sea would be spent, in recording them, before the Words of my Lord were spent (read as tanfada or yanfada) even though We brought the like of it, namely, ˹the like of˺ the sea, as replenishment’, in order to add it to the other ˹sea˺, it would ˹also˺ be spent, while they ˹God’s Words˺ would not be exhausted (madadan, ‘as replenishment’, in the accusative because it is a specification).
القرآن:١٨:١٠٩ –

قُلْ لَوْ كَانَ الْبَحْرُ مِدَادًا لِكَلِمَاتِ رَبِّي لَنَفِدَ الْبَحْرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْفَدَ كَلِمَاتُ رَبِّي وَلَوْ جِئْنَا بِمِثْلِهِ مَدَدًا  

{قل لو كان البحر} أي ماؤه {مدادا} هو ما يكتب به {لكلمات ربي} الدالة على حكمه وعجائبه بأن تكتب به {لنفد البحر} في كتابتها {قبل أن تنفد} بالتاء والياء: تفرغ {كلمات ربي ولو جئنا بمثله} أي البحر {مَدَدا} زيادة فيه لنفد، ولم تفرغ هي، ونصبه على التمييز.
quran:18:110 –

Say, "I am only a man like you, to whom has been revealed that your god is one God. So whoever would hope for the meeting with his Lord - let him do righteous work and not associate in the worship of his Lord anyone."  

Say: ‘I am only a human being, a son of Adam, like you; it has been revealed to me that your God is only One God (annamā, the anna assimilated with the mā retains ˹its function of referring to˺ the verbal noun), in other words, the Oneness of the Divine is ˹what is being˺ revealed to me. So whoever hopes to encounter his Lord, through the Resurrection and the Requital, let him do righteous work and not associate with the worship of his Lord, that is to say, ˹let him not commit idolatry˺ in ˹performing˺ it by feigning ˹faith˺ before, anyone’. Meccan, except for verses 58 and 71, which are Medinese; it consists of 98, or 99, verses and was revealed after ˹sūrat˺ Fātir.
القرآن:١٨:١١٠ –

قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ ۖ فَمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَلَا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَدًا  

{قل إنما أنا بشر} آدمي {مثلكم يوحى إليَّ أنما إلهكم إله واحد} أن المكفوفة بما باقية على مصدريتها والمعنى: يوحى إليَّ وحدانية الإله {فمن كان يرجو} يأمل {لقاء ربه} بالبعث والجزاء {فليعمل عملاً صالحا ولا يشرك بعبادة ربه} أي فيها بأن يرائي {أحدا}.