71. Contracts
٧١۔ كِتَابُ الْمُكَاتَبِ
[Machine] "I planted for them five hundred seeds, and when they sprouted, I am free, so I went to the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned it to him. He said, 'Plant and stipulate for them, and when you want to plant, notify me.' So, I notified him and he came and started planting, except for one that I planted with my own hands. They all grew except for the one."
أَنْ أَغْرِسَ لَهُمْ خَمْسَمِائَةِ فَسِيلَةٍ فَإِذَا عَلِقَتْ فَأَنَا حُرٌّ فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ اغْرِسْ وَاشْتَرِطْ لَهُمْ فَإِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَغْرِسَ فَآذِنِّي فَآذَنْتُهُ فَجَاءَ فَجَعَلَ يَغْرِسُ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً غَرَسْتُهَا بِيَدِي فَعَلِقْنَ جَمِيعًا إِلَّا الْوَاحِدَةَ
[Machine] When Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived in Madinah, he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with a gift on a plate and placed it in front of him. The Prophet ﷺ asked, "What is this, O Salman?" He replied, "It is charity for you and your companions." The Prophet ﷺ said, "I do not eat charity." So Salman took it back. The next day, he came with the same gift and placed it in front of the Prophet ﷺ again. The Prophet ﷺ asked, "What is this?" Salman replied, "It is a gift for you." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Eat." Then he asked Salman, "Who are you?" He replied, "I am from a certain people." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Ask them to write a contract for you to plant and take care of date palm trees for them, and you will be provided with food." Salman followed the Prophet's ﷺ instructions, and they wrote a contract for him to plant and take care of their palm trees. He fulfilled his obligations except for one palm tree, which Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) planted and took care of. The Prophet ﷺ inquired, "Who planted this tree?" They said, "Umar." So the Prophet ﷺ himself planted it with his own hand, and it bore fruit from that year onwards.
أَنَّ سَلْمَانَ ؓ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بِهَدِيَّةٍ عَلَى طَبَقٍ فَوَضَعَهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا يَا سَلْمَانُ ؟ قَالَ صَدَقَةٌ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى أَصْحَابِكَ قَالَ إِنِّي لَا آكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ فَرَفَعَهَا ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ مِنَ الْغَدِ بِمِثْلِهَا فَوَضَعَهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا ؟ قَالَ هَدِيَّةٌ لَكَ قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِأَصْحَابِهِ كُلُوا قَالَ لِمَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ لِقَوْمٍ قَالَ فَاطْلُبْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يُكَاتِبُوكَ قَالَ فَكَاتَبُونِي عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا نَخْلَةً أَغْرِسُهَا لَهُمْ وَيَقُومُ عَلَيْهَا سَلْمَانُ حَتَّى تُطْعِمَ قَالَ فَفَعَلُوا قَالَ فَجَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَغَرَسَ النَّخْلَ كُلَّهُ إِلَّا نَخْلَةً وَاحِدَةً غَرَسَهَا عُمَرُ ؓ فَأُطْعِمَ نَخْلُهُ مِنْ سَنَتِهِ إِلَّا تِلْكَ النَّخْلَةَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ غَرَسَهَا ؟ قَالُوا عُمَرُ فَغَرَسَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ يَدِهِ فَحَمَلَتْ مِنْ عَامِهَا
[Machine] Salman al-Farsi narrated to me, and he mentioned the story at length in the story of the reason for his conversion to Islam. In it, he said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Write, O Salman.' So I wrote to my companion on three hundred date palms that I cultivated and forty-one Uqiyahs (a measure of weight) that I owned. The companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ helped me with thirty Doyas (a measure of weight) and twenty Doyas and ten from each one of them according to what they had. And the story was mentioned in the trenches, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out with me until he reached them. We used to carry the Doyas to him, and he would take them in his hand and distribute them evenly over them. By the One who sent him with the truth, not one Doya died, and I was left with the Dirhams. Then a man from among the people of minerals came to him with an amount of gold equivalent to an egg and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, where is the Persian Muslim who writes?' So I was called, and he said, 'Take this, O Salman, and fulfill what is upon you.' So I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, where does this fall in what is upon me?' He said, 'Indeed, Allah will fulfill it for you.' By the One in whose hand Salman's soul is, if I were to weigh it for them, it would weigh forty Uqiyahs, so I fulfilled it for them, and Salman was freed." The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said in the first narration, there is an additional number of Faseelat, and in it is the condition of freedom, and if one of them is not attached, it is what the Messenger of Allah did not cultivate. In the third narration, there is a decrease in the number of Faseelat and an increase of forty Uqiyahs, and in both of them, along with the second narration, it appears that this was done as a condition of slavery or feeding, and as if the contract was with the disbelievers, and it seems that the intention was to achieve emancipation, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ permitted it by saying that he stipulated it as a valid condition for emancipation through it, even if the contract of writing is invalidated.
حَدَّثَنِي سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ فِي قِصَّةِ سَبَبِ إِسْلَامِهِ وَفِيهِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ كَاتِبْ يَا سَلْمَانُ فَكَاتَبْتُ صَاحِبِي عَلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ نَخْلَةٍ أُحْيِيهَا وَأَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً وَأَعَانَنِي أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِالنَّخْلِ ثَلَاثِينَ وَدِيَّةً وَعِشْرِينَ وَدِيَّةً وَعَشْرًا كَلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا عِنْدَهُ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي الْحَفْرِ قَالَ وَخَرَجَ مَعِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى جَاءَهَا فَكُنَّا نَحْمِلُ إِلَيْهِ الْوَدِيَّ وَيَضَعُهُ بِيَدِهِ وَيُسَوِّي عَلَيْهَا فَوَالَّذِي بَعَثَهُ بِالْحَقِّ مَا مَاتَتْ مِنْهَا وَدِيَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ وَبَقِيَتْ عَلَيَّ الدَّرَاهِمُ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَعْضِ الْمَعَادِنِ بِمِثْلِ الْبَيْضَةِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيْنَ الْفَارِسِيُّ الْمُسْلِمُ الْمُكَاتَبُ ؟ فَدُعِيتُ لَهُ فَقَالَ خُذْ هَذِهِ يَا سَلْمَانُ فَأَدِّ مَا عَلَيْكَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَأَيْنَ تَقَعُ هَذِهِ مِمَّا عَلَيَّ؟ قَالَ فَإِنَّ اللهَ سَيؤَدِّي بِهَا عَنْكَ فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسُ سَلْمَانَ بِيَدِهِ لَوَزَنْتُ لَهُمْ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً فَأَدَّيْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمْ وَعَتَقَ سَلْمَانُ ؓ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُولَى زِيَادَةٌ فِي عَدَدِ الْفَسِيلَاتِ وَفِيهَا اشْتِرَاطُ الْحُرِّيَةِ وَإِنْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهَا لَمْ تَعْلَقْ وَهِيَ مَا لَمْ يَغْرِسْهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَفِي الرِّوَايَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ نُقْصَانٌ عَنْ عَدَدِ الْفَسِيلَاتِ وَزِيَادَةُ الْأَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً وَفِي كِلْتَيْهِمَا مَعَ الرِّوَايَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بِشَرْطِ الْعُلُوقِ أَوِ الْإِطْعَامِ وَكَأَنَّ الْعَقْدَ كَانَ مَعَ الْكُفَّارِ وَكَأَنَّ الْقَصْدَ مِنْهُ حُصُولُ الْعِتَاقِ فَأَذِنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي اشْتِرَاطِهِ بِقَوْلِهِ اشْتَرِطْ لَهُمْ لِكَوْنِهِ شَرْطًا صَحِيحًا فِي حُصُولِ الْعِتَاقِ بِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ عَقْدُ الْكِتَابَةِ يُفْسَدُ بِهِ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ asked, "Who are you?" I said, "I am a woman from the Ansar who made me work on her land." He said, "O Abu Bakr!" I said, "Here I am, at your service." He said, "Buy her and set her free." He said, "So Abu Bakr bought me and set me free." This goes against the previous narrations. It is possible that her emancipation did not occur because she did not wear any leg irons, except for one, until the Prophet ﷺ had it restored and planted it, then she became pregnant from that year, and Abu Bakr bought her before that and set her free. There may be other possibilities, and Allah knows best. And in the establishment of some of these narrations, there is variation.
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِمَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قُلْتُ لِامْرَأَةٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ جَعَلَتْنِي فِي حَائِطٍ لَهَا قَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَالَ لَبَّيْكَ قَالَ اشْتَرِهِ قَالَ فَاشْتَرَانِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَأَعْتَقَنِي وَهَذَا يُخَالِفُ الرِّوَايَاتِ قَبْلَهُ وَقَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَتَاقُهُ لَمْ يَحْصُلْ بِأَنْ لَمْ يَعْلُقْ مِنَ الْفَسِيلَاتِ وَاحِدَةٌ حَتَّى أَعَادَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ غَرْسَهَا فَحَمَلَتْ مِنْ عَامِهَا فَاشْتَرَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فِيمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَأَعْتَقَهُ وَيُحْتَمَلُ غَيْرُهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلمُ وَفِي ثُبُوتِ بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَاتِ نَظَرٌ