1. Parents
١۔ كتاب الْوَالِدَيْنِ
Rights of the mother are three times more deserving to be fulfilled than of the father
I said, “O Messenger of Allah, whom should I treat with the greatest kindness?” He said, “Your mother.” I said, “Whom should I treat with the greatest kindness ˹next˺?” He said, “Your mother.” I said, “Whom should I treat with the greatest kindness ˹next˺?” He said, “Your mother.” I said, “Whom should I treat with the greatest kindness ˹next˺?” He said, “Your father, then the nearest ˹in kinship˺, then the nearest.”
قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَنْ أَبَرُّ؟ قَالَ: «أُمَّكَ». قُلْتُ: مَنْ أَبَرُّ؟ قَالَ: «أُمَّكَ». قُلْتُ: مَنْ أَبَرُّ؟ قَالَ: «أُمَّكَ». قُلْتُ: مَنْ أَبَرُّ؟ قَالَ: «أَبَاكَ، ثُمَّ الْأَقْرَبَ فَالْأَقْرَبَ».
Kindness toward the mother is a deed that brings one closest to Allah
a man came to him and said: “I proposed marriage to a woman, but she refused to marry me. Someone else proposed to her and she wanted to marry him. I became jealous of her and killed her. Do I have any repentance?” He said: “Is your mother alive?” He said: “No.” He said: “Repent to Allah ﷻ and draw near to Him as much as you are able.”
He said: “So I went and asked Ibn ʿAbbās: ‘Why did you ask him about whether his mother was alive?’ He said: ‘I do not know of any deed closer to Allah ﷻ than dutifulness to one’s mother.’”
أَنَّهُ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي خَطَبْتُ امْرَأَةً، فَأَبَتْ أَنْ تَنْكِحَنِي، وَخَطَبَهَا غَيْرِي فَأَحَبَّتْ أَنْ تَنْكِحَهُ، فَغِرْتُ عَلَيْهَا فَقَتَلْتُهَا، فَهَلْ لِي مِنْ تَوْبَةٍ؟ قَالَ: أُمُّكَ حَيَّةٌ؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: تُبْ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَتَقَرَّبْ إِلَيْهِ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ.
قَالَ: فَذَهَبْتُ فَسَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، لِمَ سَأَلْتَهُ عَنْ حَيَاةِ أُمِّهِ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَا أَعْلَمُ عَمَلًا أَقْرَبَ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ بِرِّ الْوَالِدَةِ.