1. Parents
١۔ كتاب الْوَالِدَيْنِ
Favor from parents can never be repaid
from the Prophet ﷺ who said, "A child cannot repay his parent unless he finds them as a slave and then buys them and ˹thereby˺ sets them free."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لاَ يَجْزِي وَلَدٌ وَالِدَهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَجِدَهُ مَمْلُوكًا فَيَشْتَرِيَهُ فَيُعْتِقَهُ».
One can never repay their mother
He witnessed Ibn Umar and a Yemeni man doing the Tawaf of the House (the Kābah). The man was carrying his mother on his back and saying, "I am her humble camel. If her ride is frightened, I will not be frightened." Then he said, "O Ibn Umar, do you think I have repaid her?" Ibn Umar replied, "No, not even for a single groan ˹of labor pain˺ of hers."
Ibn Umar then continued the Tawaf and came to the Maqam ˹Ibrahim˺, where he prayed two units of prayer. Then he said, "O son of Abu Musa, indeed, every two units of prayer expiate what comes ahead of them."
أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَرَجُلٌ يَمَانِيٌّ يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ حَمَلَ أُمَّهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ يَقُولُ:
إِنِّي لَهَا بَعِيرُهَا الْمُذَلَّلُ .. إِنْ أُذْعِرَتْ رِكَابُهَا لَمْ أُذْعَرِ
ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ أَتُرَانِي جَزَيْتُهَا؟ قَالَ: لاَ وَلاَ بِزَفْرَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ
ثُمَّ طَافَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ فَأَتَى الْمَقَامَ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا ابْنَ أَبِي مُوسَى إِنَّ كُلَّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ تُكَفِّرَانِ مَا أَمَامَهُمَا
Abu Hurayrah’s kindness toward her mother
Marwan ˹b. al-Hakam˺ used to appoint Abu Hurayrah as his deputy, and he would be at Dhu al-Hulayfah. His mother would be in one house and he in another.
He said: When he wanted to go out, he would stand at her door and say, “Peace be upon you, my mother, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.” She would say, “And upon you be peace, my son, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.” Then he would say, “May Allah have mercy on you as you raised me when I was small.” And she would say, “May Allah have mercy on you as you have been dutiful to me when I am old.” Then when he wanted to enter, he would do the same.
أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ كَانَ يَسْتَخْلِفُهُ مَرْوَانُ [بْنُ الْحَكَمِ]، وَكَانَ يَكُونُ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ، فَكَانَتْ أُمُّهُ فِي بَيْتٍ، وَهُوَ فِي آخَرَ.
قَالَ: فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ، وَقَفَ عَلَى بَابِهَا، فَقَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكِ يَا أُمَّتَاهُ، وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ. فَتَقُولُ: وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ يَا بُنَيَّ، وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ. فَيَقُولُ: رَحِمَكِ اللَّهُ كَمَا رَبَّيْتِنِي صَغِيرًا. فَتَقُولُ: رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ كَمَا بَرَرْتَنِي كَبِيرًا. ثُمَّ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ، صَنَعَ مِثْلَهُ.
Ensuring that parents are pleased with you
a man came to the Prophet ﷺ and made a pledge to him that he would do hijrah. He left his parents who were in tears. The Prophet said, "Go back to them and make them laugh as you made them weep."
جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يُبَايِعُهُ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ وَتَرَكَ أَبَوَيْهِ يَبْكِيَانِ فَقَالَ: «ارْجِعْ إِلَيْهِمَا وَأَضْحِكْهُمَا كَمَا أَبْكَيْتَهُمَا»
Greeting parents affectionately and making dua for them
Abu Hazim reported that Abu Murra, the mawla of Umm Hani' bint Abi Talib had told him that he rode with Abu Hurayra to his land in al-'Aqiq. When he entered his land, he shouted out in his loudest voice, "Peace be upon you, mother, and the mercy of Allah and His blessing!" She replied, "And peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessing." He said, "May Allah have mercy on you as you raised me when I was a child." She replied, "My son, may Allah repay you well and be pleased with you as you were dutiful towards me when I was old."
أَنَّهُ رَكِبَ مَعَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ إِلَى أَرْضِهِ بِالْعَقِيقِ فَإِذَا دَخَلَ أَرْضَهُ صَاحَ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ: عَلَيْكِ السَّلاَمُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ يَا أُمَّتَاهُ تَقُولُ: وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلاَمُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ, يَقُولُ: رَحِمَكِ اللَّهُ رَبَّيْتِنِي صَغِيرًا فَتَقُولُ: يَا بُنَيَّ وَأَنْتَ فَجَزَاكَ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا وَرَضِيَ عَنْكَ كَمَا بَرَرْتَنِي كَبِيرًا