39. Sūrat al-Zumar

٣٩۔ سُورَةُ الزُّمَر

Qurʾān > Chapter 39 > Section 5
القرآن > كتاب ٣٩ > باب ٥

39.5 The Quran is consistent in its verses though it repeats its teachings in different ways. God has cited every kind of parable in the Quran so that people may learn a lesson.

٣٩۔٥ مقطع في سُورَةُ الزُّمَر

quran:39:22 –

So is one whose breast Allah has expanded to ˹accept˺ Islam and he is upon a light from his Lord ˹like one whose heart rejects it˺? Then woe to those whose hearts are hardened against the remembrance of Allah. Those are in manifest error.  

Is he whose breast God has opened to Islam, and becomes guided, so that he follows a light from his Lord …?, like he whose heart He has sealed ˹with disbelief˺? — this ˹understanding of the ellipsis˺ is indicated by ˹what follows˺. So woe — an expression indicating ‘chastisement’ — to those whose hearts have been hardened against the remembrance of God, that is, ˹hardened˺ against the acceptance of the Qur’ān. Such are in manifest error.
القرآن:٣٩:٢٢ –

أَفَمَنْ شَرَحَ اللَّهُ صَدْرَهُ لِلْإِسْلَامِ فَهُوَ عَلَىٰ نُورٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِ ۚ فَوَيْلٌ لِلْقَاسِيَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ  

{أفمن شرح الله صدره للإسلام} فاهتدى {فهو على نور من ربه} كمن طبع على قلبه، دلَّ على هذا {فويلٌ} كلمة عذاب {للقاسية قلوبهم من ذكر الله} أي عن قبول القرآن {أولئك في ضلال مبين} بيّن.
quran:39:23 –

Allah has sent down the best statement: a consistent Book wherein is reiteration. The skins shiver therefrom of those who fear their Lord; then their skins and their hearts relax at the remembrance of Allah. That is the guidance of Allah by which He guides whom He wills. And one whom Allah leaves astray - for him there is no guide.  

God has revealed the best of discourses, a Book (kitāban, substitutes for ahsana, ‘the best’) namely, a Qur’ān, consimilar, in other words, some of its parts are similar to others in terms of ˹their˺ arrangement and otherwise, in coupled phrases — ˹a Book˺ in which the Promise ˹of reward˺ is coupled with the Threat ˹of punishment˺, together with other such ˹couplings˺ — whereat quiver, at the mention of whose Threat shiver, the skins of those who fear their Lord; then their skins and their hearts soften to, they are reassured by, the remembrance of God, that is, at the mention of His Promise. That, Book, is God’s guidance, by which He guides whomever He will, of His servants; and whomever God leads astray, for him there is no guide.
القرآن:٣٩:٢٣ –

اللَّهُ نَزَّلَ أَحْسَنَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَابًا مُتَشَابِهًا مَثَانِيَ تَقْشَعِرُّ مِنْهُ جُلُودُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ ثُمَّ تَلِينُ جُلُودُهُمْ وَقُلُوبُهُمْ إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُدَى اللَّهِ يَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ  

{الله نزَّل أحسن الحديث كتابا} بدل من أحسن، أي قرآنا {متشابها} أي يشبه بعضه بعضا في النظم وغيره {مثانَي} ثني فيه الوعد والوعيد وغيرهما {تقشعر منه} ترتعد عند ذكره وعيده {جلود الذين يخشوْن} {يخافون ربهم ثم تلين} تطمئن {جلودهم وقلوبهم إلى ذكر الله} أي عند ذكر وعده {ذلك} أي الكتاب {هدى الله يهدي به من يشاء ومن يضلل الله فما له من هاد}.
quran:39:24 –

Then is he who will shield with his face the worst of the punishment on the Day of Resurrection ˹like one secure from it˺? And it will be said to the wrongdoers, "Taste what you used to earn."  

Is he who will be fending off, ˹is he˺ who will encounter, with his face the awful chastisement on the Day of Resurrection …?, that is, the most severe ˹chastisement˺, when he is flung into the Fire with his hands bound to his neck in fetters, ˹is he˺ like one who will be secure from it by entering Paradise? And it will be said to the wrongdoers, namely, the disbelievers of Mecca: ‘Taste ˹now˺ what you used to earn’, that is, ˹taste˺ the requital for it.
القرآن:٣٩:٢٤ –

أَفَمَنْ يَتَّقِي بِوَجْهِهِ سُوءَ الْعَذَابِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ۚ وَقِيلَ لِلظَّالِمِينَ ذُوقُوا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَكْسِبُونَ  

{أفمن يتقي} يلقى {بوجهه سوء العذاب يوم القيامة} أي أشده بأن يلقى في النار مغلولة يداه إلى عنقه كمن أمن منه بدخول الجنة {وقيل للظالمين} أي كفار مكة {ذوقوا ما كنتم تكسبون} أي جزاءَه.
quran:39:25 –

Those before them denied, and punishment came upon them from where they did not perceive.  

Those who were before them denied, their messengers with regard to the coming of the chastisement; and so the chastisement came on them whence they were not aware, in a way that would never have occurred to them.
القرآن:٣٩:٢٥ –

كَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ  

{كذَّب الذين من قبلهم} رسلهم في إتيان العذاب {فأتاهم العذاب من حيث لا يشعرون} من جهة لا تخطر ببالهم.
quran:39:26 –

So Allah made them taste disgrace in worldly life. But the punishment of the Hereafter is greater, if they only knew.  

So God made them taste disgrace, abasement and humiliation, in the way of being transformed ˹into swine˺ and being killed and otherwise, in the life of this world. And the chastisement of the Hereafter will surely be greater, had they, that is, the deniers, known, ˹the nature of˺ the chastisement thereof, they would not have denied.
القرآن:٣٩:٢٦ –

فَأَذَاقَهُمُ اللَّهُ الْخِزْيَ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَعَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَكْبَرُ ۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{فأذاقهم الله الخزي} الذل والهوان من المسخ والقتل وغيره {في الحياة الدنيا ولعذاب الآخرة أكبر لو كانوا} أي المكذبون {يعلمون} عذابها ما كذبوا.
quran:39:27 –

And We have certainly presented for the people in this Qur'an from every ˹kind of˺ example - that they might remember.  

And verily We have struck, coined, for mankind in this Qur’ān every ˹kind of˺ similitude, that perhaps they may remember, ˹that perhaps˺ they may be admonished —
القرآن:٣٩:٢٧ –

وَلَقَدْ ضَرَبْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِي هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَلٍ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ  

{ولقد ضربنا} جعلنا {للناس في هذا القرآن من كل مثل لعلهم يتذكرون} يتعظون.
quran:39:28 –

˹It is˺ an Arabic Qur'an, without any deviance that they might become righteous.  

an Arabic Qur’ān (qur’ānan ‘arabiyyan, a circumstantial qualifier for emphasis) without any deviation, that is, ˹without˺ any contradiction or variance, that perhaps they may guard themselves, against disbelief.
القرآن:٣٩:٢٨ –

قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا غَيْرَ ذِي عِوَجٍ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُونَ  

{قرآنا عربيا} حال مؤكدة {غير ذي عوج} أي لبس واختلاف {لعلهم يتقون} الكفر.
quran:39:29 –

Allah presents an example: a slave owned by quarreling partners and another belonging exclusively to one man - are they equal in comparison? Praise be to Allah! But most of them do not know.  

God strikes, for the idolater and the believer in God’s Oneness, a similitude: a man (rajulan, substitutes for mathalan, ‘a similitude’) shared by several ˹masters˺, quarrelling, disputing, ill-mannered, and a man belonging exclusively to one man. Are the two equal in comparison? (mathalan, for specification), in other words, the slave of many ˹masters˺ is not the same as the slave of a single person. For in the case of the former, if all of his masters were to demand his service simultaneously, he would be confused as to whom of them he should serve — which is the similitude of the idolater; the latter ˹the slave of one˺ is the similitude of the one who believes in the One God. Praise be to God!, alone. Nay, but most of them, that is, the people of Mecca, do not know, the chastisement in which they will end up and so they associate others with God.
القرآن:٣٩:٢٩ –

ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا رَجُلًا فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ مُتَشَاكِسُونَ وَرَجُلًا سَلَمًا لِرَجُلٍ هَلْ يَسْتَوِيَانِ مَثَلًا ۚ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ ۚ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{ضرب الله} للمشرك والموحِّد {مثلا رجلا} بدل من مثلا {فيه شركاء متشاكسون} متنازعون سيئة أخلاقهم {ورجلا سالما} خالصا {لرجل هل يستويان مثلا} تميز أي لا يستوي العبد بجماعه والعبد لواحد، فإن الأول إذا طلب منه كل من مالكيه خدمته في وقت واحد تحيَّر فيمن يخدمه منهم وهذا مثل للمشرك، والثاني مثل للموحّد {الحمد لله} وحده {بل أكثرهم} أي أهل مكة {لا يعلمون} ما يصيرون إليه من العذاب فيشركون.
quran:39:30 –

Indeed, you are to die, and indeed, they are to die.  

You — an address to the Prophet (s) — will indeed die, and they ˹too˺ will indeed die, and so there is no satisfaction to be gained from ˹another’s˺ death: this was revealed because they kept waiting for the Prophet (s) to die.
القرآن:٣٩:٣٠ –

إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ  

{إنك} خطاب للنبي ﷺ {ميت وإنهم ميتون} ستموت ويموتون فلا شماتة بالموت، نزلت لما استبطؤوا موته ﷺ .
quran:39:31 –

Then indeed you, on the Day of Resurrection, before your Lord, will dispute.  

Then you will indeed, O mankind, concerning the injustices you committed towards one another, be contending before your Lord on the Day of Resurrection.
القرآن:٣٩:٣١ –

ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ  

{ثم إنكم} أيها الناس فيما بينكم من المظالم {يوم القيامة عند ربكم تختصمون}.