When the Prophet ﷺ intended to write a letter to the ruler of the Byzantines, he was told that those people did not read any letter unless it was stamped with a seal. So, the Prophet ﷺ got a silver ring-- as if I were just looking at its white glitter on his hand ---- and stamped on it the expression "Muhammad, Apostle of Allah".  

سَمِعْتُ أَنَسًا ؓ يَقُولُ لَمَّا أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ إِلَى الرُّومِ قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّهُمْ لاَ يَقْرَءُونَ كِتَابًا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَخْتُومًا فَاتَّخَذَ خَاتَمًا مِنْ فِضَّةٍ فَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى بَيَاضِهِ فِي يَدِهِ وَنَقَشَ فِيهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent his letter to Khusrau and ordered his messenger to hand it over to the Governor of Bahrain who was to hand it over to Khusrau. So, when Khusrau read the letter he tore it. Saʿid bin Al- Musaiyab said, "The Prophet ﷺ then invoked Allah to disperse them with full dispersion, (destroy them (i.e. Khusrau and his followers) severely)".  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ بِكِتَابِهِ إِلَى كِسْرَى فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَهُ إِلَى عَظِيمِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَدْفَعُهُ عَظِيمُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ إِلَى كِسْرَى فَلَمَّا قَرَأَهُ كِسْرَى خَرَّقَهُ فَحَسِبْتُ أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ قَالَ فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يُمَزَّقُوا كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote to Caesar and invited him to Islam and sent him his letter with Dihya Al-Kalbi whom Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered to hand it over to the Governor of Busra who would forward it to Caesar. Caesar as a sign of gratitude to Allah, had walked from Hims to Ilya (i.e. Jerusalem) when Allah had granted Him victory over the Persian forces. So, when the letter of Messenger of Allah ﷺ reached Caesar, he said after reading it, 'Seek for me any one of his people! (Arabs of Quraish tribe) if present here, in order to ask him about Messenger of Allah ﷺ. At that time Abu Sufyan bin Harb was in Sham with some men from Quraish who had come (to Sham) as merchants during the truce that had been concluded between Messenger of Allah ﷺ; and the infidels of Quraish. Abu Sufyan said, Caesar's messenger found us somewhere in Sham so he took me and my companions to Ilya and we were admitted into Ceasar's court to find him sitting in his royal court wearing a crown and surrounded by the senior dignitaries of the Byzantine. He said to his translator. 'Ask them who amongst them is a close relation to the man who claims to be a prophet." Abu Sufyan added, "I replied, 'I am the nearest relative to him.' He asked, 'What degree of relationship do you have with him?' I replied, 'He is my cousin,' and there was none of Bani Abu Manaf in the caravan except myself. Caesar said, 'Let him come nearer.' He then ordered that my companions stand behind me near my shoulder and said to his translator, 'Tell his companions that I am going to ask this man about the man who claims to be a prophet. If he tells a lie, they should contradict him immediately." Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah! Had it not been shameful that my companions label me a liar, I would not have spoken the truth about him when he asked me. But I considered it shameful to be called a liar by my companions. So I told the truth. He then said to his translator, 'Ask him what kind of family does he belong to.' I replied, 'He belongs to a noble family amongst us.' He said, 'Have anybody else amongst you ever claimed the same before him? 'I replied, 'No.' He said, 'Had you ever blamed him for telling lies before he claimed what he claimed? ' I replied, 'No.' He said, 'Was anybody amongst his ancestors a king?' I replied, 'No.' He said, "Do the noble or the poor follow him?' I replied, 'It is the poor who follow him.' He said, 'Are they increasing or decreasing (day by day)?' I replied,' They are increasing.' He said, 'Does anybody amongst those who embrace his (the Prophet's) Religion become displeased and then discard his Religion?'. I replied, 'No. ' He said, 'Does he break his promises? I replied, 'No, but we are now at truce with him and we are afraid that he may betray us." Abu Sufyan added, "Other than the last sentence, I could not say anything against him. Caesar then asked, 'Have you ever had a war with him?' I replied, 'Yes.' He said, 'What was the outcome of your battles with him?' I replied, 'The result was unstable; sometimes he was victorious and sometimes we.' He said, 'What does he order you to do?' I said, 'He tells us to worship Allah alone, and not to worship others along with Him, and to leave all that our fore-fathers used to worship. He orders us to pray, give in charity, be chaste, keep promises and return what is entrusted to us.' When I had said that, Caesar said to his translator, 'Say to him: I ask you about his lineage and your reply was that he belonged to a noble family. In fact, all the apostles came from the noblest lineage of their nations. Then I questioned you whether anybody else amongst you had claimed such a thing, and your reply was in the negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man was following a claim that had been said before him. When I asked you whether he was ever blamed for telling lies, your reply was in the negative, so I took it for granted that a person who did not tell a lie about (others) the people could never tell a lie about Allah. Then I asked you whether any of his ancestors was a king. Your reply was in the negative, and if it had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man wanted to take back his ancestral kingdom. When I asked you whether the rich or the poor people followed him, you replied that it was the poor who followed him. In fact, such are the followers of the apostles. Then I asked you whether his followers were increasing or decreasing. You replied that they were increasing. In fact, this is the result of true faith till it is complete (in all respects). I asked you whether there was anybody who, after embracing his religion, became displeased and discarded his religion; your reply was in the negative. In fact, this is the sign of true faith, for when its cheerfulness enters and mixes in the hearts completely, nobody will be displeased with it. I asked you whether he had ever broken his promise. You replied in the negative. And such are the apostles; they never break their promises. When I asked you whether you fought with him and he fought with you, you replied that he did, and that sometimes he was victorious and sometimes you. Indeed, such are the apostles; they are put to trials and the final victory is always theirs. Then I asked you what he ordered you. You replied that he ordered you to worship Allah alone and not to worship others along with Him, to leave all that your fore-fathers used to worship, to offer prayers, to speak the truth, to be chaste, to keep promises, and to return what is entrusted to you. These are really the qualities of a prophet who, I knew (from the previous Scriptures) would appear, but I did not know that he would be from amongst you. If what you say should be true, he will very soon occupy the earth under my feet, and if I knew that I would reach him definitely, I would go immediately to meet Him; and were I with him, then I would certainly wash his feet.' " Abu Sufyan added, "Caesar then asked for the letter of Messenger of Allah ﷺ and it was read. Its contents were: "In the name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful (This letter is) from Muhammad, the slave of Allah, and His Apostle, to Heraculius, the Ruler of the Byzantine. Peace be upon the followers of guidance. Now then, I invite you to Islam (i.e. surrender to Allah), embrace Islam and you will be safe; embrace Islam and Allah will bestow on you a double reward. But if you reject this invitation of Islam, you shall be responsible for misguiding the tillers (i.e. your nation). O people of the Scriptures! Come to a word common to you and us and you, that we worship. None but Allah, and that we associate nothing in worship with Him; and that none of us shall take others as Lords besides Allah. Then if they turn away, say: Bear witness that we are (they who have surrendered (unto Him)..(3.64) Abu Sufyan added, "When Heraclius had finished his speech, there was a great hue and cry caused by the Byzantine Royalties surrounding him, and there was so much noise that I did not understand what they said. So, we were turned out of the court. When I went out with my companions and we were alone, I said to them, 'Verily, Ibn Abi Kabsha's (i.e. the Prophet's) affair has gained power. This is the King of Bani Al-Asfar fearing him." Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah, I remained low and was sure that his religion would be victorious till Allah converted me to Islam, though I disliked it."  

أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَتَبَ إِلَى قَيْصَرَ يَدْعُوهُ إِلَى الإِسْلاَمِ وَبَعَثَ بِكِتَابِهِ إِلَيْهِ مَعَ دِحْيَةَ الْكَلْبِيِّ وَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَدْفَعَهُ إِلَى عَظِيمِ بُصْرَى لِيَدْفَعَهُ إِلَى قَيْصَرَ وَكَانَ قَيْصَرُ لَمَّا كَشَفَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ جُنُودَ فَارِسَ مَشَى مِنْ حِمْصَ إِلَى إِيلِيَاءَ شُكْرًا لِمَا أَبْلاَهُ اللَّهُ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ قَيْصَرَ كِتَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ حِينَ قَرَأَهُ الْتَمِسُوا لِي هَا هُنَا أَحَدًا مِنْ قَوْمِهِ لأَسْأَلَهُمْ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو سُفْيَانَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ بِالشَّأْمِ فِي رِجَالٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ قَدِمُوا تِجَارًا فِي الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَوَجَدَنَا رَسُولُ قَيْصَرَ بِبَعْضِ الشَّأْمِ فَانْطَلَقَ بِي وَبِأَصْحَابِي حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا إِيلِيَاءَ فَأُدْخِلْنَا عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسِ مُلْكِهِ وَعَلَيْهِ التَّاجُ وَإِذَا حَوْلَهُ عُظَمَاءُ الرُّومِ فَقَالَ لِتُرْجُمَانِهِ سَلْهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ نَسَبًا إِلَى هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا أَقْرَبُهُمْ نَسَبًا قَالَ مَا قَرَابَةُ مَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ فَقُلْتُ هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّي وَلَيْسَ فِي الرَّكْبِ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ غَيْرِي فَقَالَ قَيْصَرُ أَدْنُوهُ وَأَمَرَ بِأَصْحَابِي فَجُعِلُوا خَلْفَ ظَهْرِي عِنْدَ كَتِفِي ثُمَّ قَالَ لِتُرْجُمَانِهِ قُلْ لأَصْحَابِهِ إِنِّي سَائِلٌ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ عَنِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ فَإِنْ كَذَبَ فَكَذِّبُوهُ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَاللَّهِ لَوْلاَ الْحَيَاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْثُرَ أَصْحَابِي عَنِّي الْكَذِبَ لَكَذَبْتُهُ حِينَ سَأَلَنِي عَنْهُ وَلَكِنِّي اسْتَحْيَيْتُ أَنْ يَأْثُرُوا الْكَذِبَ عَنِّي فَصَدَقْتُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِتُرْجُمَانِهِ قُلْ لَهُ كَيْفَ نَسَبُ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ فِيكُمْ قُلْتُ هُوَ فِينَا ذُو نَسَبٍ قَالَ فَهَلْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ قَبْلَهُ قُلْتُ لاَ فَقَالَ كُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ عَلَى الْكَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ قُلْتُ لاَ قَالَ فَهَلْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مِنْ مَلِكٍ قُلْتُ لاَ قَالَ فَأَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ يَتَّبِعُونَهُ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ قُلْتُ بَلْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ قَالَ فَيَزِيدُونَ أَوْ يَنْقُصُونَ قُلْتُ بَلْ يَزِيدُونَ قَالَ فَهَلْ يَرْتَدُّ أَحَدٌ سَخْطَةً لِدِينِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِيهِ قُلْتُ لاَ قَالَ فَهَلْ يَغْدِرُ قُلْتُ لاَ وَنَحْنُ الآنَ مِنْهُ فِي مُدَّةٍ نَحْنُ نَخَافُ أَنْ يَغْدِرَ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَلَمْ يُمْكِنِّي كَلِمَةٌ أُدْخِلُ فِيهَا شَيْئًا أَنْتَقِصُهُ بِهِ لاَ أَخَافُ أَنْ تُؤْثَرَ عَنِّي غَيْرُهَا قَالَ فَهَلْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ أَوْ قَاتَلَكُمْ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَكَيْفَ كَانَتْ حَرْبُهُ وَحَرْبُكُمْ قُلْتُ كَانَتْ دُوَلاً وَسِجَالاً يُدَالُ عَلَيْنَا الْمَرَّةَ وَنُدَالُ عَلَيْهِ الأُخْرَى قَالَ فَمَاذَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ قَالَ يَأْمُرُنَا أَنْ نَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ لاَ نُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَيَنْهَانَا عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُنَا وَيَأْمُرُنَا بِالصَّلاَةِ وَالصَّدَقَةِ وَالْعَفَافِ وَالْوَفَاءِ بِالْعَهْدِ وَأَدَاءِ الأَمَانَةِ فَقَالَ لِتُرْجُمَانِهِ حِينَ قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ قُلْ لَهُ إِنِّي سَأَلْتُكَ عَنْ نَسَبِهِ فِيكُمْ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُ ذُو نَسَبٍ وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تُبْعَثُ فِي نَسَبِ قَوْمِهَا وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ قَالَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ قَبْلَهُ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لاَ فَقُلْتُ لَوْ كَانَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ قَبْلَهُ قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ يَأْتَمُّ بِقَوْلٍ قَدْ قِيلَ قَبْلَهُ وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ كُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالْكَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لاَ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَدَعَ الْكَذِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكْذِبَ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مِنْ مَلِكٍ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لاَ فَقُلْتُ لَوْ كَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مَلِكٌ قُلْتُ يَطْلُبُ مُلْكَ آبَائِهِ وَسَأَلْتُكَ أَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ يَتَّبِعُونَهُ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّ ضُعَفَاءَهُمُ اتَّبَعُوهُ وَهُمْ أَتْبَاعُ الرُّسُلِ وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ يَزِيدُونَ أَوْ يَنْقُصُونَ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُمْ يَزِيدُونَ وَكَذَلِكَ الإِيمَانُ حَتَّى يَتِمَّ وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ يَرْتَدُّ أَحَدٌ سَخْطَةً لِدِينِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِيهِ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لاَ فَكَذَلِكَ الإِيمَانُ حِينَ تَخْلِطُ بَشَاشَتُهُ الْقُلُوبَ لاَ يَسْخَطُهُ أَحَدٌ وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ يَغْدِرُ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ لاَ وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ لاَ يَغْدِرُونَ وَسَأَلْتُكَ هَلْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ وَقَاتَلَكُمْ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنْ قَدْ فَعَلَ وَأَنَّ حَرْبَكُمْ وَحَرْبَهُ تَكُونُ دُوَلاً وَيُدَالُ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَرَّةَ وَتُدَالُونَ عَلَيْهِ الأُخْرَى وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّسُلُ تُبْتَلَى وَتَكُونُ لَهَا الْعَاقِبَةُ وَسَأَلْتُكَ بِمَاذَا يَأْمُرُكُمْ فَزَعَمْتَ أَنَّهُ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلاَ تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَيَنْهَاكُمْ عَمَّا كَانَ يَعْبُدُ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالصَّلاَةِ وَالصِّدْقِ وَالْعَفَافِ وَالْوَفَاءِ بِالْعَهْدِ وَأَدَاءِ الأَمَانَةِ قَالَ وَهَذِهِ صِفَةُ النَّبِيِّ قَدْ كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ خَارِجٌ وَلَكِنْ لَمْ أَظُنَّ أَنَّهُ مِنْكُمْ وَإِنْ يَكُ مَا قُلْتَ حَقًّا فَيُوشِكُ أَنْ يَمْلِكَ مَوْضِعَ قَدَمَىَّ هَاتَيْنِ وَلَوْ أَرْجُو أَنْ أَخْلُصَ إِلَيْهِ لَتَجَشَّمْتُ لُقِيَّهُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ عِنْدَهُ لَغَسَلْتُ قَدَمَيْهِ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِكِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُرِئَ فَإِذَا فِيهِ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى هِرَقْلَ عَظِيمِ الرُّومِ سَلاَمٌ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنِّي أَدْعُوكَ بِدِعَايَةِ الإِسْلاَمِ أَسْلِمْ تَسْلَمْ وَأَسْلِمْ يُؤْتِكَ اللَّهُ أَجْرَكَ مَرَّتَيْنِ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ فَعَلَيْكَ إِثْمُ الأَرِيسِيِّينَ وَ{يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَى كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَنْ لاَ نَعْبُدَ إِلاَّ اللَّهَ وَلاَ نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَلاَ يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَقُولُوا اشْهَدُوا بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ} قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَلَمَّا أَنْ قَضَى مَقَالَتَهُ عَلَتْ أَصْوَاتُ الَّذِينَ حَوْلَهُ مِنْ عُظَمَاءِ الرُّومِ وَكَثُرَ لَغَطُهُمْ فَلاَ أَدْرِي مَاذَا قَالُوا وَأُمِرَ بِنَا فَأُخْرِجْنَا فَلَمَّا أَنْ خَرَجْتُ مَعَ أَصْحَابِي وَخَلَوْتُ بِهِمْ قُلْتُ لَهُمْ لَقَدْ أَمِرَ أَمْرُ ابْنِ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ هَذَا مَلِكُ بَنِي الأَصْفَرِ يَخَافُهُ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَاللَّهِ مَا زِلْتُ ذَلِيلاً مُسْتَيْقِنًا بِأَنَّ أَمْرَهُ سَيَظْهَرُ حَتَّى أَدْخَلَ اللَّهُ قَلْبِي الإِسْلاَمَ وَأَنَا كَارِهٌ  

That he heard the Prophet ﷺ on the day (of the battle) of Khaibar saying, "I will give the flag to a person at whose hands Allah will grant victory." So, the companions of the Prophet ﷺ got up, wishing eagerly to see to whom the flag will be given, and everyone of them wished to be given the flag. But the Prophet asked for ʿAli. Someone informed him that he was suffering from eye-trouble. So, he ordered them to bring ʿAli in front of him. Then the Prophet ﷺ spat in his eyes and his eyes were cured immediately as if he had never any eye-trouble. ʿAli said, "We will fight with them (i.e. infidels) till they become like us (i.e. Muslims)." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Be patient, till you face them and invite them to Islam and inform them of what Allah has enjoined upon them. By Allah! If a single person embraces Islam at your hands (i.e. through you), that will be better for you than the red camels."  

اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْقَعْنَبِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْد ٍ ؓ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ لأُعْطِيَنَّ الرَّايَةَ رَجُلاً يَفْتَحُ اللَّهُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ فَقَامُوا يَرْجُونَ لِذَلِكَ أَيُّهُمْ يُعْطَى فَغَدَوْا وَكُلُّهُمْ يَرْجُو أَنْ يُعْطَى فَقَالَ أَيْنَ عَلِيٌّ فَقِيلَ يَشْتَكِي عَيْنَيْهِ فَأَمَرَ فَدُعِيَ لَهُ فَبَصَقَ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ فَبَرَأَ مَكَانَهُ حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ شَىْءٌ فَقَالَ نُقَاتِلُهُمْ حَتَّى يَكُونُوا مِثْلَنَا فَقَالَ عَلَى رِسْلِكَ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ بِسَاحَتِهِمْ ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الإِسْلاَمِ وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ بِمَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَوَاللَّهِ لأَنْ يُهْدَى بِكَ رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ حُمْرِ النَّعَمِ  

Whenever Messenger of Allah ﷺ attacked some people, he would never attack them till it was dawn. If he heard the Adhan (i.e. call for prayer) he would delay the fight, and if he did not hear the Adhan, he would attack them immediately after dawn. We reached Khaibar at night.  

سَمِعْتُ أَنَسًا ؓ يَقُولُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا غَزَا قَوْمًا لَمْ يُغِرْ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ فَإِنْ سَمِعَ أَذَانًا أَمْسَكَ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ أَذَانًا أَغَارَ بَعْدَ مَا يُصْبِحُ فَنَزَلْنَا خَيْبَرَ لَيْلاً  

as Hadith No. 193 above.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا غَزَا بِنَا  

The Prophet ﷺ set out for Khaibar and reached it at night. He used not to attack if he reached the people at night, till the day broke. So, when the day dawned, the Jews came out with their bags and spades. When they saw the Prophet; they said, "Muhammad and his army!" The Prophet ﷺ said, Allahu--Akbar! (Allah is Greater) and Khaibar is ruined, for whenever we approach a nation (i.e. enemy to fight) then it will be a miserable morning for those who have been warned."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَجَاءَهَا لَيْلاً وَكَانَ إِذَا جَاءَ قَوْمًا بِلَيْلٍ لاَ يُغِيرُ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ خَرَجَتْ يَهُودُ بِمَسَاحِيهِمْ وَمَكَاتِلِهِمْ فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ قَالُوا مُحَمَّدٌ وَاللَّهِ مُحَمَّدٌ وَالْخَمِيسُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ خَرِبَتْ خَيْبَرُ إِنَّا إِذَا نَزَلْنَا بِسَاحَةِ قَوْمٍ فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ  

Allah 's Apostle said, " I have been ordered to fight with the people till they say, 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah,' and whoever says, 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah,' his life and property will be saved by me except for Islamic law, and his accounts will be with Allah, (either to punish him or to forgive him.)"  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ، فَمَنْ قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ فَقَدْ عَصَمَ مِنِّي نَفْسَهُ وَمَالَهُ إِلاَّ بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ۔»  

Whenever Messenger of Allah ﷺ intended to lead a Ghazwa, he would use an equivocation from which one would understand that he was going to a different destination .  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُرِيدُ غَزْوَةً إِلاَّ وَرَّى بِغَيْرِهَا  

Whenever Messenger of Allah ﷺ intended to carry out a Ghazwa, he would use an equivocation to conceal his real destination till it was the Ghazwa of Tabuk which Messenger of Allah ﷺ carried out in very hot weather. As he was going to face a very long journey through a wasteland and was to meet and attack a large number of enemies. So, he made the situation clear to the Muslims so that they might prepare themselves accordingly and get ready to conquer their enemy. The Prophet ﷺ informed them of the destination he was heading for.  

سَمِعْتُ كَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ ؓ يَقُولُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَلَّمَا يُرِيدُ غَزْوَةً يَغْزُوهَا إِلاَّ وَرَّى بِغَيْرِهَا حَتَّى كَانَتْ غَزْوَةُ تَبُوكَ فَغَزَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَرٍّ شَدِيدٍ وَاسْتَقْبَلَ سَفَرًا بَعِيدًا وَمَفَازًا وَاسْتَقْبَلَ غَزْوَ عَدُوٍّ كَثِيرٍ فَجَلَّى لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَمْرَهُمْ لِيَتَأَهَّبُوا أُهْبَةَ عَدُوِّهِمْ وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِوَجْهِهِ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ  

"Scarcely did Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out for a journey on a day other than Thursday."  

أَنَّ كَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ ؓ كَانَ يَقُولُ لَقَلَّمَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْرُجُ إِذَا خَرَجَ فِي سَفَرٍ إِلاَّ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ  

The Prophet ﷺ set out on Thursday for the Ghazwa of Tabuk and he used to prefer to set out (i.e. travel) on Thursdays.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ وَكَانَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ  

The Prophet ﷺ offered a four-rakʿat Zuhr prayer at Medina and then offered a two rakʿat ʿAsr prayer at Dhul-Hulaifa and I heard the companions of the Prophet ﷺ reciting Talbiya aloud (for Hajj and ʿUmra) altogether.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى بِالْمَدِينَةِ الظُّهْرَ أَرْبَعًا وَالْعَصْرَ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَسَمِعْتُهُمْ يَصْرُخُونَ بِهِمَا جَمِيعًا  

We set out in the company of Messenger of Allah ﷺ five days before the end of Dhul Qa'da intending to perform Hajj only. When we approached Mecca Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered those who did not have the Hadi (i.e. an animal for sacrifice) with them, to perform the Tawaf around the Kaʿba, and between Safa and Marwa and then finish their Ihram. Beef was brought to us on the day of (i.e. the days of slaughtering) and I asked, "What is this?" Somebody said, Messenger of Allah ﷺ has slaughtered (a cow) on behalf of his wives."  

أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ تَقُولُ خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِخَمْسِ لَيَالٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ وَلاَ نُرَى إِلاَّ الْحَجَّ فَلَمَّا دَنَوْنَا مِنْ مَكَّةَ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْىٌ إِذَا طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ وَسَعَى بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ أَنْ يَحِلَّ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَدُخِلَ عَلَيْنَا يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ بِلَحْمِ بَقَرٍ فَقُلْتُ مَا هَذَا فَقَالَ نَحَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ أَزْوَاجِهِ قَالَ يَحْيَى فَذَكَرْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ لِلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَقَالَ أَتَتْكَ وَاللَّهِ بِالْحَدِيثِ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ  

Once the Prophet ﷺ set out in the month of Ramadan. He observed fasting till he reached a place called Kadid where he broke his fast.  

خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْكَدِيدَ أَفْطَرَ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent us on military expedition telling us, "If you find such and such persons (he named two men from Quraish), burn them fire." Then we came to bid him farewell, when we wanted to set out, he said: "Previously I ordered you to burn so-and-so and so-and-so with fire, but as punishment with fire is done by none except Allah, if you capture them, kill them, (instead)."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْثٍ وَقَالَ لَنَا إِنْ لَقِيتُمْ فُلاَنًا وَفُلاَنًا لِرَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ سَمَّاهُمَا فَحَرِّقُوهُمَا بِالنَّارِ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَتَيْنَاهُ نُوَدِّعُهُ حِينَ أَرَدْنَا الْخُرُوجَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَمَرْتُكُمْ أَنْ تُحَرِّقُوا فُلاَنًا وَفُلاَنًا بِالنَّارِ وَإِنَّ النَّارَ لاَ يُعَذِّبُ بِهَا إِلاَّ اللَّهُ فَإِنْ أَخَذْتُمُوهُمَا فَاقْتُلُوهُمَا  

The 'Prophet said, "It is obligatory for one to listen to and obey (the ruler's orders) unless these orders involve one disobedience (to Allah); but if an act of disobedience (to Allah) is imposed, he should not listen to or obey it."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَبَّاحٍ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّاءَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ حَقٌّ مَا لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ بِالْمَعْصِيَةِ فَإِذَا أُمِرَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ فَلاَ سَمْعَ وَلاَ طَاعَةَ  

That heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "We are the last but will be the foremost to enter Paradise)." The Prophet added, "He who obeys me, obeys Allah, and he who disobeys me, disobeys Allah. He who obeys the chief, obeys me, and he who disobeys the chief, disobeys me. The Imam is like a shelter for whose safety the Muslims should fight and where they should seek protection. If the Imam orders people with righteousness and rules justly, then he will be rewarded for that, and if he does the opposite, he will be responsible for that."  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ نَحْنُ الآخِرُونَ السَّابِقُونَ وَبِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ مَنْ أَطَاعَنِي فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ وَمَنْ عَصَانِي فَقَدْ عَصَى اللَّهَ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ الأَمِيرَ فَقَدْ أَطَاعَنِي وَمَنْ يَعْصِ الأَمِيرَ فَقَدْ عَصَانِي وَإِنَّمَا الإِمَامُ جُنَّةٌ يُقَاتَلُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ وَيُتَّقَى بِهِ فَإِنْ أَمَرَ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَعَدَلَ فَإِنَّ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ أَجْرًا وَإِنْ قَالَ بِغَيْرِهِ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُ  

When we reached (Hudaibiya) in the next year (of the treaty of Hudaibiya), not even two men amongst us agreed unanimously as to which was the tree under which we had given the pledge of allegiance, and that was out of Allah's Mercy. (The sub narrator asked Naf'i, "For what did the Prophet ﷺ take their pledge of allegiance, was it for death?" Naf'i replied "No, but he took their pledge of allegiance for patience.")  

لاَ بَايَعَهُمْ عَلَى الصَّبْرِ  

that in the time (of the battle) of Al-Harra a person came to him and said, "Ibn Hanzala is taking the pledge of allegiance from the people for death." He said, "I will never give a pledge of allegiance for such a thing to anyone after Messenger of Allah ﷺ."  

لَمَّا كَانَ زَمَنَ الْحَرَّةِ أَتَاهُ آتٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّ ابْنَ حَنْظَلَةَ يُبَايِعُ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ فَقَالَ لاَ أُبَايِعُ عَلَى هَذَا أَحَدًا بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ  

Salama said, "I gave the Pledge of allegiance (Al-Ridwan) to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and then I moved to the shade of a tree. When the number of people around the Prophet ﷺ diminished, he said, 'O Ibn Al-Akwaʿ ! Will you not give to me the pledge of Allegiance?' I replied, 'O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! I have already given to you the pledge of Allegiance.' He said, 'Do it again.' So I gave the pledge of allegiance for the second time." I asked 'O Abu Muslim! For what did you give he pledge of Allegiance on that day?" He replied, "We gave the pledge of Allegiance for death."  

بَايَعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ثُمَّ عَدَلْتُ إِلَى ظِلِّ الشَّجَرَةِ فَلَمَّا خَفَّ النَّاسُ قَالَ يَا ابْنَ الأَكْوَعِ أَلاَ تُبَايِعُ قَالَ قُلْتُ قَدْ بَايَعْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ وَأَيْضًا فَبَايَعْتُهُ الثَّانِيَةَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا أَبَا مُسْلِمٍ عَلَى أَىِّ شَىْءٍ كُنْتُمْ تُبَايِعُونَ يَوْمَئِذٍ قَالَ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ  

On the day (of the battle) of the Trench, the Ansar were saying, "We are those who have sworn allegiance to Muhammad for Jihaid (for ever) as long as we live." The Prophet ﷺ replied to them, "O Allah! There is no life except the life of the Hereafter. So honor the Ansar and emigrants with Your Generosity."  

كَانَتِ الأَنْصَارُ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ تَقُولُ نَحْنُ الَّذِينَ بَايَعُوا مُحَمَّدَا عَلَى الْجِهَادِ مَا حَيِينَا أَبَدَا فَأَجَابَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ لاَ عَيْشَ إِلاَّ عَيْشُ الآخِرَهْ، فَأَكْرِمِ الأَنْصَارَ وَالْمُهَاجِرَهْ۔»  

My brother and I came to the Prophet ﷺ and I requested him to take the pledge of allegiance from us for migration. He said, "Migration has passed away with its people." I asked, "For what will you take the pledge of allegiance from us then?" He said, "I will take (the pledge) for Islam and Jihad."  

أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَنَا وَأَخِي فَقُلْتُ بَايِعْنَا عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ فَقَالَ مَضَتِ الْهِجْرَةُ لأَهْلِهَا فَقُلْتُ عَلاَمَ تُبَايِعُنَا قَالَ عَلَى الإِسْلاَمِ وَالْجِهَادِ  

Today a man came to me and asked me a question which I did not know how to answer. He said, "Tell me, if a wealthy active man, well-equipped with arms, goes out on military expeditions with our chiefs, and orders us to do such things as we cannot do (should we obey him?)" I replied, "By Allah, I do not know what to reply you, except that we, were in the company of the Prophet ﷺ and he used to order us to do a thing once only till we finished it. And no doubt, everyone among you will remain in a good state as long as he obeys Allah. If one is in doubt as to the legality of something, he should ask somebody who would satisfy him, but soon will come a time when you will not find such a man. By Him, except Whom none has the right to be worshipped. I see that the example of what has passed of this life (to what remains thereof) is like a pond whose fresh water has been used up and nothing remains but muddy water."  

عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ؓ لَقَدْ أَتَانِي الْيَوْمَ رَجُلٌ فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ أَمْرٍ مَا دَرَيْتُ مَا أَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً مُؤْدِيًا نَشِيطًا يَخْرُجُ مَعَ أُمَرَائِنَا فِي الْمَغَازِي فَيَعْزِمُ عَلَيْنَا فِي أَشْيَاءَ لاَ نُحْصِيهَا فَقُلْتُ لَهُ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي مَا أَقُولُ لَكَ إِلاَّ أَنَّا كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَعَسَى أَنْ لاَ يَعْزِمَ عَلَيْنَا فِي أَمْرٍ إِلاَّ مَرَّةً حَتَّى نَفْعَلَهُ وَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَنْ يَزَالَ بِخَيْرٍ مَا اتَّقَى اللَّهَ وَإِذَا شَكَّ فِي نَفْسِهِ شَىْءٌ سَأَلَ رَجُلاً فَشَفَاهُ مِنْهُ وَأَوْشَكَ أَنْ لاَ تَجِدُوهُ وَالَّذِي لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ مَا أَذْكُرُ مَا غَبَرَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا إِلاَّ كَالثَّغْبِ شُرِبَ صَفْوُهُ وَبَقِيَ كَدَرُهُ  

The freed slave of ʿUmar bin 'Ubaidullah who was ʿUmar's clerk: ʿAbdullah bin Abi ʿAufa wrote him (i.e. ʿUmar) a letter that contained the following:-- "Once Messenger of Allah ﷺ (during a holy battle), waited till the sun had declined and then he got up among the people and said, "O people! Do not wish to face the enemy (in a battle) and ask Allah to save you (from calamities) but if you should face the enemy, then be patient and let it be known to you that Paradise is under the shades of swords." He then said,, "O Allah! The Revealer of the (Holy) Book, the Mover of the clouds, and Defeater of Al-Ahzab (i.e. the clans of infidels), defeat them infidels and bestow victory upon us."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْضِ أَيَّامِهِ الَّتِي لَقِيَ فِيهَا انْتَظَرَ حَتَّى مَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ ثُمَّ قَامَ فِي النَّاسِ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لاَ تَتَمَنَّوْا لِقَاءَ الْعَدُوِّ وَسَلُوا اللَّهَ الْعَافِيَةَ فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَاصْبِرُوا وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ تَحْتَ ظِلاَلِ السُّيُوفِ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ مُنْزِلَ الْكِتَابِ وَمُجْرِيَ السَّحَابِ وَهَازِمَ الأَحْزَابِ اهْزِمْهُمْ وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ  

I participated in a Ghazwa along with Messenger of Allah ﷺ The Prophet ﷺ met me (on the way) while I was riding a camel of ours used for irrigation and it had got so tired that it could hardly walk. The Prophet ﷺ asked me, "What is wrong with the camel?" I replied, "It has got tired." So. Messenger of Allah ﷺ came from behind it and rebuked it and prayed for it so it started surpassing the other camels and going ahead of them. Then he asked me, "How do you find your camel (now)?" I replied, "I find it quite well, now as it has received your blessings." He said, "Will you sell it to me?" I felt shy (to refuse his offer) though it was the only camel for irrigation we had. So, I said, "Yes." He said, "Sell it to me then." I sold it to him on the condition that I should keep on riding it till I reached Medina. Then I said, "O Allah's Apostle! I am a bridegroom," and requested him to allow me to go home. He allowed me, and I set out for Medina before the people till I reached Medina, where I met my uncle, who asked me about the camel and I informed him all about it and he blamed me for that. When I took the permission of Messenger of Allah ﷺ he asked me whether I had married a virgin or a matron and I replied that I had married a matron. He said, "Why hadn't you married a virgin who would have played with you, and you would have played with her?" I replied, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! My father died (or was martyred) and I have some young sisters, so I felt it not proper that I should marry a young girl like them who would neither teach them manners nor serve them. So, I have married a matron so that she may serve them and teach them manners." When Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina, I took the camel to him the next morning and he gave me its price and gave me the camel itself as well.  

غَزَوْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَتَلاَحَقَ بِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَنَا عَلَى نَاضِحٍ لَنَا قَدْ أَعْيَا فَلاَ يَكَادُ يَسِيرُ فَقَالَ لِي مَا لِبَعِيرِكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ عَيِيَ قَالَ فَتَخَلَّفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَزَجَرَهُ وَدَعَا لَهُ فَمَا زَالَ بَيْنَ يَدَىِ الإِبِلِ قُدَّامَهَا يَسِيرُ فَقَالَ لِي كَيْفَ تَرَى بَعِيرَكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ بِخَيْرٍ قَدْ أَصَابَتْهُ بَرَكَتُكَ قَالَ أَفَتَبِيعُنِيهِ قَالَ فَاسْتَحْيَيْتُ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَنَا نَاضِحٌ غَيْرَهُ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَبِعْنِيهِ فَبِعْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ عَلَى أَنَّ لِي فَقَارَ ظَهْرِهِ حَتَّى أَبْلُغَ الْمَدِينَةَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي عَرُوسٌ فَاسْتَأْذَنْتُهُ فَأَذِنَ لِي فَتَقَدَّمْتُ النَّاسَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَلَقِيَنِي خَالِي فَسَأَلَنِي عَنِ الْبَعِيرِ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِمَا صَنَعْتُ فِيهِ فَلاَمَنِي قَالَ وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِي حِينَ اسْتَأْذَنْتُهُ هَلْ تَزَوَّجْتَ بِكْرًا أَمْ ثَيِّبًا فَقُلْتُ تَزَوَّجْتُ ثَيِّبًا فَقَالَ هَلاَّ تَزَوَّجْتَ بِكْرًا تُلاَعِبُهَا وَتُلاَعِبُكَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تُوُفِّيَ وَالِدِي أَوِ اسْتُشْهِدَ وَلِي أَخَوَاتٌ صِغَارٌ فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَتَزَوَّجَ مِثْلَهُنَّ فَلاَ تُؤَدِّبُهُنَّ وَلاَ تَقُومُ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَتَزَوَّجْتُ ثَيِّبًا لِتَقُومَ عَلَيْهِنَّ وَتُؤَدِّبَهُنَّ قَالَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ غَدَوْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْبَعِيرِ فَأَعْطَانِي ثَمَنَهُ وَرَدَّهُ عَلَىَّ قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ هَذَا فِي قَضَائِنَا حَسَنٌ لاَ نَرَى بِهِ بَأْسًا  

Once there was a feeling of fright at Medina, so Messenger of Allah ﷺ rode a horse belonging to Abu Talha and (on his return) he said, "We have not seen anything (fearful), but we found this horse very fast."  

كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَزَعٌ فَرَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَسًا لأَبِي طَلْحَةَ فَقَالَ مَا رَأَيْنَا مِنْ شَىْءٍ وَإِنْ وَجَدْنَاهُ لَبَحْرًا  

Once the people got frightened, so Messenger of Allah ﷺ rode a slow horse belonging to Abu Talha, and he set out all alone, making the horse gallop. Then the people rode, making their horses gallop after him. On his return he said, "Don't be afraid (there is nothing to be afraid of) (and I have found) this horse a very fast one." That horse was never excelled in running hence forward. (Qastalani Vol. 5)  

فَزِعَ النَّاسُ فَرَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَسًا لأَبِي طَلْحَةَ بَطِيئًا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ يَرْكُضُ وَحْدَهُ فَرَكِبَ النَّاسُ يَرْكُضُونَ خَلْفَهُ فَقَالَ لَمْ تُرَاعُوا إِنَّهُ لَبَحْرٌ فَمَا سُبِقَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ  

I gave a horse to be used in Allah's Cause, but later on I saw it being sold. I asked the Prophet ﷺ whether I could buy it. He said, "Don't buy it and don't take back your gift of charity."  

عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ حَمَلْتُ عَلَى فَرَسٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَرَأَيْتُهُ يُبَاعُ فَسَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ آشْتَرِيهِ فَقَالَ لاَ تَشْتَرِهِ وَلاَ تَعُدْ فِي صَدَقَتِكَ  

ʿUmar gave a horse to be used in Allah's Cause, but later on he found it being sold. So, he intended to buy it and asked Messenger of Allah ﷺ who said, "Don't buy it and don't take back your gift of charity."  

أَنْ يَبْتَاعَهُ فَسَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لاَ تَبْتَعْهُ وَلاَ تَعُدْ فِي صَدَقَتِكَ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Were it not for the fear that it would be difficult for my followers, I would not have remained behind any Sariya, (army-unit) but I don't have riding camels and have no other means of conveyance to carry them on, and it is hard for me that my companions should remain behind me. No doubt I wish I could fight in Allah's Cause and be martyred and come to life again to be martyred and come to life once more."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَوْلاَ أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَى أُمَّتِي مَا تَخَلَّفْتُ عَنْ سَرِيَّةٍ وَلَكِنْ لاَ أَجِدُ حَمُولَةً وَلاَ أَجِدُ مَا أَحْمِلُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَيَشُقُّ عَلَىَّ أَنْ يَتَخَلَّفُوا عَنِّي وَلَوَدِدْتُ أَنِّي قَاتَلْتُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَقُتِلْتُ ثُمَّ أُحْيِيتُ ثُمَّ قُتِلْتُ ثُمَّ أُحْيِيتُ  

I participated in the Ghazwa of Tabuk along with Messenger of Allah ﷺ and I gave a young camel to be ridden in Jihad and that was, to me, one of my best deeds. Then I employed a laborer who quarrelled with another person. One of them bit the hand of the other and the latter drew his hand from the mouth of the former pulling out his front tooth. Then the former instituted a suit against the latter before the Prophet who rejected that suit saying, "Do you expect him to put out his hand for you to snap as a male camel snaps (vegetation)?"  

غَزَوْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَزْوَةَ تَبُوكَ فَحَمَلْتُ عَلَى بَكْرٍ فَهْوَ أَوْثَقُ أَعْمَالِي فِي نَفْسِي فَاسْتَأْجَرْتُ أَجِيرًا فَقَاتَلَ رَجُلاً فَعَضَّ أَحَدُهُمَا الآخَرَ فَانْتَزَعَ يَدَهُ مِنْ فِيهِ وَنَزَعَ ثَنِيَّتَهُ فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَهْدَرَهَا فَقَالَ أَيَدْفَعُ يَدَهُ إِلَيْكَ فَتَقْضَمُهَا كَمَا يَقْضَمُ الْفَحْلُ  

When Qais bin Saʿd Al-Ansari, who used to carry the flag of the Prophet, intended to perform Hajj, he combed his hair.  

بْنَ سَعْدٍ الأَنْصَارِيّ َ ؓ وَكَانَ صَاحِبَ لِوَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرَادَ الْحَجَّ فَرَجَّلَ  

Ali remained behind the Prophet ﷺ during the battle of Khaibar as he way suffering from some eye trouble but then he said, "How should I stay behind Messenger of Allah ﷺ?" So, he set out till he joined the Prophet. On the eve of the day of the conquest of Khaibar, Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "(No doubt) I will give the flag or, tomorrow, a man whom Allah and His Apostle love or who loves Allah and His apostle will take the flag. Allah will bestow victory upon him." Suddenly 'Ali joined us though we were not expecting him. The people said, "Here is 'Ali. "So, Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave the flag to him and Allah bestowed victory upon him.  

كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ تَخَلَّفَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي خَيْبَرَ وَكَانَ بِهِ رَمَدٌ فَقَالَ أَنَا أَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَخَرَجَ عَلِيٌّ فَلَحِقَ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلَمَّا كَانَ مَسَاءُ اللَّيْلَةِ الَّتِي فَتَحَهَا فِي صَبَاحِهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لأُعْطِيَنَّ الرَّايَةَ أَوْ قَالَ لَيَأْخُذَنَّ غَدًا رَجُلٌ يُحِبُّهُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَوْ قَالَ يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يَفْتَحُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا نَحْنُ بِعَلِيٍّ وَمَا نَرْجُوهُ فَقَالُوا هَذَا عَلِيٌّ فَأَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَفَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ  

I heard Al Abbas telling Az-Zubair, "The Prophet ﷺ ordered you to fix the flag here."  

سَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ يَقُولُ لِلزُّبَيْرِ ؓ هَا هُنَا أَمَرَكَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ تَرْكُزَ الرَّايَةَ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I have been sent with the shortest expressions bearing the widest meanings, and I have been made victorious with awe (cast in the hearts of the enemy), and while I was sleeping, the keys of the treasures of the world were brought to me and put in my hand." Abu Huraira added: Messenger of Allah ﷺ has left the world and now you, people, are bringing out those treasures (i.e. the Prophet ﷺ did not benefit by them).  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ بُعِثْتُ بِجَوَامِعِ الْكَلِمِ وَنُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا نَائِمٌ أُتِيتُ بِمَفَاتِيحِ خَزَائِنِ الأَرْضِ فَوُضِعَتْ فِي يَدِي قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْتَثِلُونَهَا  

Abu Sufyan said, "Heraclius sent for me when I was in 'llya' (i.e. Jerusalem). Then he asked for the letter of Messenger of Allah ﷺ and when he had finished its reading there was a great hue and cry around him and the voices grew louder and we were asked to quit the place. When we were turned out, I said to my companions, 'The cause of Ibn Abi Kabsha has become conspicuous as the King of Bani Al- Asfar is afraid of him.' "  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ هِرَقْلَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ وَهُمْ بِإِيلِيَاءَ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِكِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ قِرَاءَةِ الْكِتَابِ كَثُرَ عِنْدَهُ الصَّخَبُ فَارْتَفَعَتِ الأَصْوَاتُ وَأُخْرِجْنَا فَقُلْتُ لأَصْحَابِي حِينَ أُخْرِجْنَا لَقَدْ أَمِرَ أَمْرُ ابْنِ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ إِنَّهُ يَخَافُهُ مَلِكُ بَنِي الأَصْفَرِ  

I prepared the journey-food for Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Abu Bakr's house when he intended to emigrate to Medina. I could not find anything to tie the food-container and the water skin with. So, I said to Abu Bakr, "By Allah, I do not find anything to tie (these things) with except my waist belt." He said, "Cut it into two pieces and tie the water-skin with one piece and the food-container with the other (the subnarrator added, "She did accordingly and that was the reason for calling her Dhatun-Nitaqain (i.e. twobelted woman)).  

صَنَعْتُ سُفْرَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ حِينَ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُهَاجِرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَتْ فَلَمْ نَجِدْ لِسُفْرَتِهِ وَلاَ لِسِقَائِهِ مَا نَرْبِطُهُمَا بِهِ فَقُلْتُ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَجِدُ شَيْئًا أَرْبِطُ بِهِ إِلاَّ نِطَاقِي قَالَ فَشُقِّيهِ بِاثْنَيْنِ فَارْبِطِيهِ بِوَاحِدٍ السِّقَاءَ وَبِالآخَرِ السُّفْرَةَ فَفَعَلْتُ فَلِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَتْ ذَاتَ النِّطَاقَيْنِ  

During the life-time of the Prophet ﷺ we used to take the meat of sacrificed animals (as journey food) to Medina. (See Hadith No. 474 Vol. 7)  

كُنَّا نَتَزَوَّدُ لُحُومَ الأَضَاحِيِّ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ  

That he went out in the company o; the Prophet ﷺ during the year of Khaibar (campaign till they reached a place called As-Sahba', the lower part of Khaibar. They offered the ʿAsr prayer (there) and the Prophet asked for the food. Nothing but Sawiq was brought to the Prophet. So, they chewed it and ate it and drank water. After that the Prophet ﷺ got up, washed his mouth, and they too washed their mouths and then offered the prayer.  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَامَ خَيْبَرَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِالصَّهْبَاءِ وَهْىَ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَهْىَ أَدْنَى خَيْبَرَ فَصَلَّوُا الْعَصْرَ فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالأَطْعِمَةِ فَلَمْ يُؤْتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلاَّ بِسَوِيقٍ فَلُكْنَا فَأَكَلْنَا وَشَرِبْنَا ثُمَّ قَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَمَضْمَضَ وَمَضْمَضْنَا وَصَلَّيْنَا  

Once the journey-food of the people ran short and they were in great need. So, they came to the Prophet to take his permission for slaughtering their camels, and he permitted them. Then ʿUmar met them and they informed him about it. He said, "What will sustain you after your camels (are finished)?" Then ʿUmar went to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! What will sustain them after their camels (are finished)?" Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Make an announcement amongst the people that they should bring all their remaining food (to me)." (They brought it and) the Prophet ﷺ invoked Allah and asked for His Blessings for it. Then he asked them to bring their food utensils and the people started filling their food utensils with their hands till they were satisfied. Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said, "I testify that None has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and I am His Apostle. "  

خَفَّتْ أَزْوَادُ النَّاسِ وَأَمْلَقُوا فَأَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِي نَحْرِ إِبِلِهِمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فَلَقِيَهُمْ عُمَرُ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ فَقَالَ مَا بَقَاؤُكُمْ بَعْدَ إِبِلِكُمْ فَدَخَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا بَقَاؤُهُمْ بَعْدَ إِبِلِهِمْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَادِ فِي النَّاسِ يَأْتُونَ بِفَضْلِ أَزْوَادِهِمْ فَدَعَا وَبَرَّكَ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ بِأَوْعِيَتِهِمْ فَاحْتَثَى النَّاسُ حَتَّى فَرَغُوا ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ  

Jabir bin ʿAbdullah said, "We set out, and we were three-hundred men carrying our journey-food on our shoulders. Then we began to eat a single date each per day." A man asked (Jabir), "O Abu ʿAbdullah! How could a person be satisfied with a single date?" Jabir replied, "We realized the value of that one date when we could not even have that much till we reached the sea-shore, when all of a sudden we saw a huge fish cast by the sea. So, we ate of it as much as we wished for eighteen days."  

خَرَجْنَا وَنَحْنُ ثَلاَثُمِائَةٍ نَحْمِلُ زَادَنَا عَلَى رِقَابِنَا فَفَنِيَ زَادُنَا حَتَّى كَانَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَّا يَأْكُلُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ تَمْرَةً قَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْنَ كَانَتِ التَّمْرَةُ تَقَعُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ قَالَ لَقَدْ وَجَدْنَا فَقْدَهَا حِينَ فَقَدْنَاهَا حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا الْبَحْرَ فَإِذَا حُوتٌ قَدْ قَذَفَهُ الْبَحْرُ فَأَكَلْنَا مِنْهَا ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا مَا أَحْبَبْنَا  

That she said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Your companions are returning with the reward of both Hajj and ʿUmra, while I am returning with (the reward of) Hajj only." He said to her, "Go, and let ʿAbdur- Rahman (i.e. your brother) make you sit behind him (on the animal)." So, he ordered ʿAbdurRahman to let her perform ʿUmra from Al-Tanʿim. Then the Prophet ﷺ waited for her at the higher region of Mecca till she returned.  

أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يَرْجِعُ أَصْحَابُكَ بِأَجْرِ حَجٍّ وَعُمْرَةٍ وَلَمْ أَزِدْ عَلَى الْحَجِّ فَقَالَ لَهَا اذْهَبِي وَلْيَرْدِفْكِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَأَمَرَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنْ يُعْمِرَهَا مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ فَانْتَظَرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَعْلَى مَكَّةَ حَتَّى جَاءَتْ  

The Prophet ﷺ ordered me to let ʿAisha sit behind me (on the animal) and to let her perform ʿUmra from at-Tanʿim.  

أَمَرَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ أُرْدِفَ عَائِشَةَ وَأُعْمِرَهَا مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ  

I was riding behind Abu Talha (on the same) riding animal and (the Prophet's companions) were reciting Talbiya aloud for both Hajj and ʿUmra.  

كُنْتُ رَدِيفَ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَصْرُخُونَ بِهِمَا جَمِيعًا الْحَجِّ وَالْعُمْرَةِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ rode a donkey on which there was a saddle covered by a velvet sheet and let Usama ride behind him (on the donkey).  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَكِبَ عَلَى حِمَارٍ عَلَى إِكَافٍ عَلَيْهِ قَطِيفَةٌ وَأَرْدَفَ أُسَامَةَ وَرَاءَهُ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Mecca through its higher region on the day of the Conquest (of Mecca) riding his she-camel on which Usama was riding behind him. Bilal and ʿUthman bin Talha, one of the servants of the Kaʿba, were also accompanying him till he made his camel kneel in the mosque and ordered the latter to bring the key of the Kaʿba. He opened the door of the Kaʿba and Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered in the company of Usama, Bilal and ʿUthman, and stayed in it for a long period. When he came out, the people rushed to it, and ʿAbdullah bin ʿUmar was the first to enter it and found Bilal standing behind the door. He asked Bilal, "Where did the Prophet ﷺ offer his prayer?" He pointed to the place where he had offered his prayer. ʿAbdullah said, "I forgot to ask him how many rakʿat he had performed."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَقْبَلَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ مِنْ أَعْلَى مَكَّةَ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ مُرْدِفًا أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ وَمَعَهُ بِلاَلٌ وَمَعَهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ مِنَ الْحَجَبَةِ حَتَّى أَنَاخَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِمِفْتَاحِ الْبَيْتِ فَفَتَحَ وَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعَهُ أُسَامَةُ وَبِلاَلٌ وَعُثْمَانُ فَمَكَثَ فِيهَا نَهَارًا طَوِيلاً ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَاسْتَبَقَ النَّاسُ وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ دَخَلَ فَوَجَدَ بِلاَلاً وَرَاءَ الْبَابِ قَائِمًا فَسَأَلَهُ أَيْنَ صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَشَارَ لَهُ إِلَى الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي صَلَّى فِيهِ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَنَسِيتُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ كَمْ صَلَّى مِنْ سَجْدَةٍ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is a (compulsory) Sadaqa (charity) to be given for every joint of the human body (as a sign of gratitude to Allah) everyday the sun rises. To judge justly between two persons is regarded as Sadaqa, and to help a man concerning his riding animal by helping him to ride it or by lifting his luggage on to it, is also regarded as Sadaqa, and (saying) a good word is also Sadaqa, and every step taken on one's way to offer the compulsory prayer (in the mosque) is also Sadaqa and to remove a harmful thing from the way is also Sadaqa."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلُّ سُلاَمَى مِنَ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةٌ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ تَطْلُعُ فِيهِ الشَّمْسُ يَعْدِلُ بَيْنَ الاِثْنَيْنِ صَدَقَةٌ وَيُعِينُ الرَّجُلَ عَلَى دَابَّتِهِ فَيَحْمِلُ عَلَيْهَا أَوْ يَرْفَعُ عَلَيْهَا مَتَاعَهُ صَدَقَةٌ وَالْكَلِمَةُ الطَّيِّبَةُ صَدَقَةٌ وَكُلُّ خَطْوَةٍ يَخْطُوهَا إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ صَدَقَةٌ وَيُمِيطُ الأَذَى عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ صَدَقَةٌ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade the people to travel to a hostile country carrying (copies of) the Qur'an.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يُسَافَرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ  

The Prophet ﷺ reached Khaibar in the morning, while the people were coming out carrying their spades over their shoulders. When they saw him they said, "This is Muhammad and his army! Muhammad and his army!" So, they took refuge in the fort. The Prophet ﷺ raised both his hands and said, "Allahu Akbar, Khaibar is ruined, for when we approach a nation (i.e. enemy to fight) then miserable is the morning of the warned ones." Then we found some donkeys which we (killed and) cooked: The announcer of the Prophet ﷺ announced: "Allah and His Apostle forbid you to eat donkey's meat." So, all the pots including their contents were turned upside down.  

صَبَّحَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ وَقَدْ خَرَجُوا بِالْمَسَاحِي عَلَى أَعْنَاقِهِمْ فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ قَالُوا هَذَا مُحَمَّدٌ وَالْخَمِيسُ مُحَمَّدٌ وَالْخَمِيسُ فَلَجَئُوا إِلَى الْحِصْنِ فَرَفَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَدَيْهِ وَقَالَ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ خَرِبَتْ خَيْبَرُ إِنَّا إِذَا نَزَلْنَا بِسَاحَةِ قَوْمٍ فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ وَأَصَبْنَا حُمُرًا فَطَبَخْنَاهَا فَنَادَى مُنَادِي النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يَنْهَيَانِكُمْ عَنْ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ فَأُكْفِئَتِ الْقُدُورُ بِمَا فِيهَا