41. Chapter
٤١۔ كِتَابُ الْقَسَمِ وَالنُّشُوزِ
[Machine] I heard some people of knowledge say a saying that means: no matter how much you describe, you will not be able to adjust what is in the hearts. So do not lean all the way, do not follow your desires and your actions, so that the inclination becomes an action that is not yours, so leave it like a suspended matter. What they said to me is not similar to what they said, because Allah has overlooked what is in the hearts and has written for people their actions and their statements. So when inclination leans towards speech and action, that is all inclination.
سَمِعْتُ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُ قَوْلًا مَعْنَاهُ مَا أَصِفُ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا بِمَا فِي الْقُلُوبِ فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ لَا تُتْبِعُوا أَهْوَاءَكُمْ أَفْعَالَكُمْ فَيَصِيرُ الْمَيْلُ بِالْفِعْلِ الَّذِي لَيْسَ لَكُمْ فَتَذَرُوهَا كَالْمُعَلَّقَةِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ مَا قَالُوا عِنْدِي بِمَا قَالُوا؛ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى تَجَاوَزَ عَمَّا فِي الْقُلُوبِ وَكَتَبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ الْأَفْعَالَ وَالْأَقَاوِيلَ فَإِذَا مَالَ بِالْقَوْلِ وَالْفِعْلِ فَذَلِكَ كُلُّ الْمَيْلِ
[Machine] In His saying, exalted be He, "{And you will never be able to do perfect justice between wives, even if it is your ardent desire}" [An-Nisa 129], He spoke about love and sexual relations.
فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ وَلَوْ حَرَصْتُمْ} [النساء 129] قَالَ فِي الْحُبِّ وَالْجِمَاعِ
[Machine] To be just between them, even if you desire it. And Allah says, "Desires have been made enticing to people" (Quran 4:128). And desires are what a person eagerly seeks after. Then He says, "So do not incline completely [toward one] and leave another hanging" (Quran 4:129). He means to leave her neither married nor divorced.
أَنْ تَعْدِلَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُنَّ وَلَوْ حَرَصْتَ وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ {أُحْضِرَتِ الْأَنْفُسُ الشُّحَّ} [النساء 128] وَالشُّحُّ هَوَاهُ فِي الشَّيْءِ يَحْرِصُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ {فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ فَتَذَرُوهَا كَالْمُعَلَّقَةِ} [النساء 129] يَقُولُ تَذَرُهَا لَا أَيِّمًا وَلَا ذَاتَ بَعْلٍ
وَقَالَ فِي الْحُبِّ وَالْمُجَامَعَةِ
[Machine] In love, do not lean toward one side; do not intentionally hurt.
يَعْنِي فِي الْحُبِّ فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ لَا تَعَمَّدُوا الْإِسَاءَةَ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Indeed, Allah, the Most High, has overlooked for my Ummah what they speak about themselves, as long as they do not speak or act upon it."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى تَجَاوَزَ لِأُمَّتِي مَا حَدَّثَتْ بِهِ أَنْفُسَهَا مَا لَمْ يَتَكَلَّمُوا بِهِ أَوْ يَعْمَلُوا
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to distribute and be fair, and he would say: "O Allah, this is my share of what I possess, so do not blame me for what You possess, and I do not possess." The judge means the heart, and this applies to justice between his wives. Ash-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It has reached us that he used to be carried while he was ill in the presence of his wives until they slept with him.
كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَقْسِمُ فَيَعْدِلُ فَيَقُولُ اللهُمَّ هَذَا قَسْمِي فِيمَا أَمْلِكُ وَلَا تَلُمْنِي فِيمَا تَمْلِكُ وَلَا أَمْلِكُ قَالَ الْقَاضِي يَعْنِي الْقَلْبَ وَهَذَا فِي الْعَدْلِ بَيْنَ نِسَائِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُطَافُ بِهِ مَحْمُولًا فِي مَرَضِهِ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ حَتَّى حَلَلْنَهُ
[Machine] Allah ﷺ would ask in his illness, in which he died, where am I tomorrow, where am I tomorrow? He wanted to spend the day with Aisha, so his wives allowed him to be wherever he wanted. He was at Aisha's house until he died there. ﷺ
اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَسْأَلُ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ أَيْنَ أَنَا غَدًا أَيْنَ أَنَا غَدًا يُرِيدُ يَوْمَ عَائِشَةَ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ أَزْوَاجُهُ يَكُونُ حَيْثُ شَاءَ فَكَانَ فِي بَيْتِ عَائِشَةَ ؓ حَتَّى مَاتَ عِنْدَهَا ﷺ
A’ishah said The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ sent for his wives during his illness. When they got together, he ﷺ said “I am unable to visit all of you. If you think to permit me to stay with A’ishah you may do so.” So they permitted him (to stay with A’ishah). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2137)
رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ إِلَى النِّسَاءِ فِي مَرَضِهِ فَاجْتَمَعْنَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ أَدُورَ بَيْنَكُنَّ فَإِنْ رَأَيْتُنَّ أَنْ تَأْذَنَّ لِي أَنْ أَكُونَ عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ فَعَلْتُنَّ فَأَذِنَّ لَهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ فَقِيلَ أِيُّ النَّاسِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ؟ فَقَالَ عَائِشَةُ
[Machine] Allah sent him (the Prophet Muhammad) to the army of the people of the chains. He (the narrator) said, "So I went to him (the Prophet) and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, who is the most beloved person to you?' He said, 'Aisha.' I said, 'Among the men?' He said, 'Her father.' I said, 'Then who?' He said, 'Umar.' And he repeated it."
اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَهُ عَلَى جَيْشِ ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ قَالَ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَنْ أَحَبُّ النَّاسِ إِلَيْكَ؟ قَالَ عَائِشَةُ قُلْتُ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ قَالَ أَبُوهَا قُلْتُ ثُمَّ مَنْ؟ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَعَدَّ رِجَالًا وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ ثُمَّ عُمَرُ
The wives of Allah's Apostle ﷺ sent Fatima, the daughter of Messenger of Allah ﷺ, to Allah's Apostle ﷺ. She sought permission to get in as he had been lying with me in my mantle. He gave her permission and she said: Messenger of Allah, verily, your wives have sent me to you in order to ask you to observe equity in case of the daughter of Abu Quhafa. She (ʿA'isha) said: I kept quiet. Thereupon Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to her (Fatima): O daughter, don't you love whom I love? She said: Yes, (I do). Thereupon he said: I love this one. Fatima then stood up as she heard this from Messenger of Allah ﷺ and went to the wives of Allah's Apostle ﷺ and informed them of what she had said to him and what Messenger of Allah ﷺ had said to her. Thereupon they said to her: We think that you have been of no avail to us. You may again go to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and tell him that his wives seek equity in case of the daughter of Abu Quhafa. Fatima said: By Allah, I will never talk to him about this matter. ʿA'isha (further) reported: The wives of Allah's Apostle ﷺ then sent Zainab b. Jahsh, the wife of Allah's Apostle ﷺ, and she was one who was somewhat equal in rank with me in the eyes of Messenger of Allah ﷺ and I have never seen a woman more advanced in religious piety than Zainab, more God-conscious, more truthful, more alive to the ties of blood, more generous and having more sense of self-sacrifice in practical life and having more charitable disposition and thus more close to God, the Exalted, than her. She, however, lost temper very soon but was soon calm. Messenger of Allah ﷺ permitted her to enter as she (ʿA'isha) was along with Messenger of Allah ﷺ in her mantle, in the same very state when Fatima had entered. She said: Messenger of Allah, your wives have sent me to you seeking equity in case of the daughter of Abu Quhafa. She then came to me and showed harshness to me and I was seeing the eyes of Messenger of Allah ﷺ whether he would permit me. Zainab went on until I came to know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ would not disapprove if I retorted. Then I exchanged hot words until I made her quiet. Thereupon Messenger of Allah ﷺ smiled and said: She is the daughter of Abu Bakr. (Using translation from Muslim 2442a)
ﷺ قَالَتْ أَرْسَلَ أَزْوَاجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ مُضْطَجِعٌ مَعَ عَائِشَةَ فِي مِرْطِهَا فَأَذِنَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَزْوَاجَكَ أَرْسَلْنَنِي إِلَيْكَ يَسْأَلْنَكَ الْعَدْلَ فِي ابْنَةِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ قَالَتْ وَأَنَا سَاكِتَةٌ قَالَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَلَسْتِ تُحِبِّينَ مَا أُحِبُّ؟ قَالَتْ بَلَى قَالَ فَأَحِبِّي هَذِهِ قَالَتْ فَقَامَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ؓ حِينَ سَمِعَتْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَجَعَتْ إِلَيْهِنَّ فَأَخْبَرَتْهُنَّ بِالَّذِي قَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْنَ لَهَا مَا نَرَاكِ أَغْنَيْتِ عَنَّا مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَارْجِعِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُولِي لَهُ إِنَّ أَزْوَاجَكَ يَسْأَلْنَكَ الْعَدْلَ فِي ابْنَةِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ قَالَتْ وَاللهِ لَا أُكَلِّمُهُ فِيهَا أَبَدًا قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ فَأَرْسَلْنَ أَزْوَاجُ رسول الله ﷺ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهِيَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تُسَامِينِي مِنْهُنَّ وَلَكِنِّي مَا رَأَيْتُ امْرَأَةً خَيْرًا فِي الدِّينِ مِنْ زَيْنَبَ ؓ أَتْقَى لِلَّهِ وَأَصْدَقَ حَدِيثًا وَأَوْصَلَ لِلرَّحِمِ وَأَعْظَمَ صَدَقَةً وَأَشَدَّ ابْتِذَالًا لِنَفْسِهَا مِنَ الْعَمَلِ الَّذِي تَصَدَّقُ بِهِ وَتَتَقَرَّبُ بِهِ إِلَى اللهِ ﷻ مَا عَدَا حِدَّةٍ فِيهَا تُوشِكُ الْفَيْئَةَ فِيهَا قَالَتْ فَاسْتَأْذَنَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَعَ عَائِشَةَ فِي مِرْطِهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الَّتِي دَخَلَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَيْهَا وَهُوَ بِهَا قَالَتْ فَأَذِنَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَزْوَاجَكَ أَرْسَلْنَنِي إِلَيْكَ يَسْأَلْنَكَ الْعَدْلَ فِي ابْنَةِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ قَالَتْ ثُمَّ وَقَعَتْ بِي فَاسْتَطَالَتْ عَلَيَّ وَأَنَا أَرْقُبُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَرْقُبُ طَرْفَهُ هَلْ يَأْذَنُ لِي فِيهَا؟ قَالَتْ فَلَمْ تَبْرَحْ زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ حَتَّى عَرَفْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَكْرَهُ أَنْ أَنْتَصِرَ قَالَتْ فَلَمَّا وَقَعْتُ بِهَا لَمْ أَنْشَبْ أَنْ أَعْتَبْتُهَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَتَبَسَّمَ إِنَّهَا ابْنَةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ لَمْ يُقِمْ شَيْخُنَا هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةَ وَلَعَلَّ الصَّوَابَ أَنْ أَثْخَنْتُهَا غَلَبَةً وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى أَنْحَيْتُ عَلَيْهَا