I attended Eid with ʿUmar bin al-Khattab, He came and prayed, then he stood and addressed the people saying: These are two days when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade fasting, the day when you break your fast and the other day, when you eat from your sacrifices.  

إِنَّ هَذَيْنِ يَوْمَانِ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ صِيَامِهِمَا يَوْمُ فِطْرِكُمْ مِنْ صِيَامِكُمْ وَالْآخَرُ يَوْمٌ تَأْكُلُونَ فِيهِ مِنْ نُسُكِكُمْ  

ʼUmar was a man of protective jealousy, and when he went out to pray, ʿAtikah bint Zaid would follow him, although he did not like her going out, but he did not like to stop her. He used to narrate that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿif your womenfolk ask you for permission to pray in the mosque, do not prevent them.ʿ  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا اسْتَأْذَنَتْكُمْ نِسَاؤُكُمْ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ فَلا تَمْنَعُوهُنَّ  

Were it not for the coming generations of the Muslims, I would not have conquered any town but I would have divided it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided Khaibar.  

لَوْلا آخِرُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا فُتِحَتْ قَرْيَةٌ إِلَّا قَسَمْتُهَا كَمَاقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ  

I heard ‘Umar say: Do not make womenʿs dowries expensive, do not make womenʿs dowries expensive, for had this been a sign of honour in this world or piety before Allah, the first one of you to do it would have been the Prophet ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not give any of his wives, and none of his daughters were given, any more than twelve Oasiyyahs [as a dowry. And a man will go to great trouble in order to offer a high dowry to his wife. On one occasion he said: A man would pay his wife a high dowry until he feels resentment towards her and says: You cost me everything I own, even the string to tie a waterskin and hang it up. He [the narrator] said: I was a young Arab boy with a non-Arab mother, and I did not know what a ʿstringʿ was. ʿUmar said: And another thing you say of one who is killed in your campaigns and dies that so and so was killed as a martyr, and o and so died as a martyr. But perhaps he loaded the back of his mount with gold and silver for the purpose of trading. So do not say that, rather say what the Prophet ﷺ (or what Muhammad) ﷺ said: “Whoever is killed or dies for the sake of Allah will be in Paradise.ʿ  

قَالَسَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ أَلا لَا تُغْلُوا صُدُقَ النِّسَاءِ أَلا لَا تُغْلُوا صُدُقَ النِّسَاءِ قَالَ فَإِنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ مَكْرُمَةً فِي الدُّنْيَا أَوْ تَقْوَى عِنْدَ اللهِ كَانَ أَوْلاكُمْ بِهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَا أَصْدَقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ امْرَأَةً مِنْ نِسَائِهِ وَلا أُصْدِقَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ثِنْتَيْ عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيُبْتَلَى  

ʿUmar bin al-Khattab gave a speech and said: O people, we used to know you when the Prophet ﷺ was among us and revelation was coming down to him; Allah would tell us about you. But now the Prophet ﷺ has passed away and revelation has ceased, and now the way to judge you is this whoever among you shows us good conduct, we will think well of him and love him; whoever among you shows us bad conduct, we will think badly of him and hate him for that, and whatever is in your hearts is between you and your Lord. There was a time when I used to think that whoever learned the Qurʿan, seeking thereby Allah and (the reward that) is with Him, would be rewarded in the Hereafter, but some men learned Qurʿan seeking that which is with people. So seek Allah by learning Qurʿan and by your good deeds. By Allah, I do not send my workers to strike you or seize your wealth; rather I send them to you to teach you your religion and Sunnah, whoever has done to him something other than that, let him refer it to me, for by the One in Whose hand is my soul, I shall surely grant him retaliation. ʿAmr bin al-ʿAs stood up and said: O Ameer al Muʿmineen, do you think if one of the Muslims was in charge of some people and he disciplined one of them, would you allow that one to settle the score with him? He said: Yes, by the One in Whose hand is the soul of ʿUmar, I would not certainly allow him to settle the score with him. I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ do that with regard to himself. But do not strike the Muslims and thus humiliate them, and do not keep them away from their wives on campaign for too long and thus expose them to temptation. Do not withhold from them their due rights and cause them to rebel; and do not make them camp in an area with a lot of trees, because that will cause them to be scattered. It was narrated that ‘Abul-ʿAjfaʿ as-Sulami said: I heard ‘Umar say: Do not make womenʿs dowries expensive,... and he mentioned the same hadeeth.  

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَلَا إِنَّا إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نَعْرِفُكُمْ إِذْ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَإِذْ يَنْزِلُ الْوَحْيُ وَإِذْ يُنْبِئُنَا اللهُ مِنْ أَخْبَارِكُمْ أَلَا وَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَدِ انْطَلَقَ وَقَدِ انْقَطَعَ الْوَحْيُ وَإِنَّمَا نَعْرِفُكُمْ بِمَا نَقُولُ لَكُمْ مَنْ أَظْهَرَ مِنْكُمْ خَيْرًا ظَنَنَّا بِهِ خَيْرًا وَأَحْبَبْنَاهُ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ أَظْهَرَ مِنْكُمْ لَنَا شَرًّا ظَنَنَّا بِهِ شَرًّا وَأَبْغَضْنَاهُ عَلَيْهِ سَرَائِرُكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَبِّكُمْ أَلا إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَتَى عَلَيَّ حِينٌ وَأَنَا أَحْسِبُ أَنَّ مَنْ قَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ يُرِيدُ اللهَ وَمَا عِنْدَهُ فَقَدْ خُيِّلَ إِلَيَّ بِآخِرَةٍ أَلا إِنَّ رِجَالًا قَدْ قَرَؤُوهُ يُرِيدُونَ بِهِ مَا عِنْدَ النَّاسِ فَأَرِيدُوا اللهَ بِقِرَاءَتِكُمْ وَأَرِيدُوهُ بِأَعْمَالِكُمْأَلا إِنِّي وَاللهِ مَا أُرْسِلُ عُمَّالِي إِلَيْكُمْ لِيَضْرِبُوا أَبْشَارَكُمْ وَلا لِيَأْخُذُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ وَلَكِنْ أُرْسِلُهُمْ إِلَيْكُمْ لِيُعَلِّمُوكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَسُنَّتَكُمْ فَمَنْ فُعِلَ بِهِ شَيْءٌ سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَلْيَرْفَعْهُ إِلَيَّ فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِذَاً لَأُقِصَّنَّهُ مِنْهُ فَوَثَبَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَوَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى رَعِيَّةٍ فَأَدَّبَ بَعْضَ رَعِيَّتِهِ أَئِنَّكَ لَمُقْتَصُّهُ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ إِي وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ عُمَرَ بِيَدِهِ إِذَاً لَأُقِصَّنَّهُ مِنْهُ أَنَّى لا أُقِصَّنَّهُ مِنْهُ وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُرَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يُقِصُّ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ؟ ألا لَا تَضْرِبُوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَتُذِلُّوهُمْ وَلا تُجَمِّرُوهُمْ فَتَفْتِنُوهُمْ وَلا تَمْنَعُوهُمْ حُقُوقَهُمْ فَتُكَفِّرُوهُمْ وَلا تُنْزِلُوهُمُ الْغِيَاضَ فَتُضَيِّعُوهُمْ  

[Machine] Omar said: "I heard that one should not exaggerate their praise for women's sincerity." Then he mentioned a hadith, narrated by Ismail, Ayyub, Hisham, Ibn Awun, from Muhammad, from Abu Al-Ajfa'a, from Omar, in a similar manner to the narration of Salamah, except that they said: "Muhammad did not say, 'I was informed by Abu Al-Ajfa'a'."  

قَالَسَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ أَلا لَا تُغْلُوا صُدُقَ النِّسَاءِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ وَذَكَرَ أَيُّوبُ وَهِشَامٌ وَابْنُ عَوْنٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَجْفَاءِ عَنْ عُمَرَ نَحْوًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَلَمَةَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا لَمْ يَقُلْ مُحَمَّدٌ نُبِّئْتُ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَجْفَاءِ  

I was sitting beside Ibn ‘Umar, and we were waiting for the funeral of Umm Aban bint ʿUthman bin ʿAffan. ʿAmr bin ʿUthman was also present. Ibn ‘Abbas came, led by a guide, who told him where Ibn ‘Umar was. He came and sat beside me, so I was between them, and we heard a voice from inside the house, Ibn ʿUmar said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ʿThe deceased is tormented because of the crying of his family.ʿ He said: And ʿAbdullah understood it as general in meaning. Ibn ʿAbbas said: We were with Ameer al-Muʼmineen ‘Umar until we came to some arid land, where we found a man who had halted in the shade of a tree. He said to me: Go and find out for me who that man is, I went and found that it was Suhaib. I came back to him and said: You told me to find out for you who that man is; it is Suhaib. He said: Tell him to join us. I said: He has his family with him. He said: Even if he has his family with him [and perhaps Ayyoob said on one occasion:Tell him to join us). When we came to Madinah, it was not long before Ameer al Muʼmineen [ʼUmar} was attacked. Suhaib came, saying O my brother, O my friend! ʿUmar said: Do you not know, or have you not heard, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿThe deceased is tormented because of some of his familyʿs crying.” “Abdullah understood it as general in meaning, but ‘Umar said: some of [their] weeping. I went to ʿAʿishah, and I told her what Ibn ʿUmar had said. She said: No, by Allah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not say, “The deceased is tormented because of the weeping of anyone.” Rather he said: “Allah increases the torment of the kafir because of his familyʿs weeping, and that it is He (Allah) Who makes (whom He wills) laugh, and makes (whom He wills) weep, “And no bearer of burdens shall bear anotherʿs burdenʿ [Al Anʼam 6:164].” Ayyoob said: Ibn Abu Mulaikah said: al-Qasim bin Muhammad told me: When ʿAʼishah heard what ʼUmar and Ibn ʿUmar had said, she said. You are narrating to me from two who are not liars and are not to be suspected of being liars, but one may mishear. ʿAbdullah bin Abi Mulaikah narrated… and he mentioned a hadeeth similar to that of Ayyoob, except that he said: ibn ʿUmar said to ʿAmr bin ʿUthman, when he was facing him: Why donʿt you tell them not to weep? For the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿThe deceased is tormented because of his familyʿs weeping for him.ʿ  

أَخْبَرَهُ بِمَكَانِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَجَاءَ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى جَنْبِي وَكُنْتُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِذَا صَوْتٌ مِنَ الدَّارِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ يُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ فَأَرْسَلَهَا عَبْدُ اللهِ مُرْسَلَةً قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ كُنَّا مَعَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِالْبَيْدَاءِ إِذَا هُوَ بِرَجُلٍ نَازِلٍ فِي ظِلِّ شَجَرَةٍ فَقَالَ لِي انْطَلِقْ فَاعْلَمْ مَنْ ذَاكَ فَانْطَلَقْتُ فَإِذَا هُوَ صُهَيْبٌ فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّكَ أَمَرْتَنِي أَنْ أَعْلَمَ لَكَ مَنْ ذَاكَ وَإِنَّهُ صُهَيْبٌ فَقَالَ مُرُوهُ فَلْيَلْحَقْ بِنَا فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ مَعَهُ أَهْلَهُ قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ أَهْلُهُ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ أَيُّوبُ مَرَّةً فَلْيَلْحَقْ بِنَا فَلَمَّا بَلَغْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ لَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ أُصِيبَ فَجَاءَ صُهَيْبٌ فَقَالَ وَا أَخَاهُ وَا صَاحِبَاهُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَوَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ أَوْ قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَوَلَمْتَسْمَعْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ لَيُعَذَّبُ بِبَعْضِ بُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ ؟ فَأَمَّا عَبْدُ اللهِ فَأَرْسَلَهَا مُرْسَلَةً وَأَمَّا عُمَرُ فَقَالَ بِبَعْضِ بُكَاءِ فَأَتَيْتُ عَائِشَةَ فَذَكَرْتُ لَهَا قَوْلَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَتْ لَا وَاللهِ مَا قَالَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الْمَيِّتَ يُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَاءِ أَحَدٍ وَلَكِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ الْكَافِرَ لَيَزِيدُهُ اللهُ ﷻ بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَذَابًا وَإِنَّ اللهَ لَهُوَ أَضْحَكَ وَأَبْكَى {وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى} [الأنعام 164] قَالَ أَيُّوبُ وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ حَدَّثَنِي الْقَاسِمُ قَالَ لَمَّا بَلَغَ عَائِشَةَ قَوْلُ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَتْ إِنَّكُمْ لَتُحَدِّثُونِي عَنْ غَيْرِ كَاذِبَيْنِ وَلا مُكَذَّبَيْنِ وَلَكِنَّ السَّمْعَ يُخْطِئُ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿThe deceased is tormented because of the weeping of his family over him.” (Using translation from Aḥmad 315)   

عَنِ الْبُكَاءِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ لَيُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ  

A daughter of ʿUthman bin ʿAffan died in Makkah and Ibn ʿUmar and Ibn ʿAbbas attended her funeral. I was sitting between them and ibn ʿUmar said to ‘Amr bin ʿUthman, who was facing him: why donʿt you tell them not to weep? For I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ʿThe deceased is tormented because of his familyʿs weeping for him.ʿ And he mentioned a hadeeth similar to that of Ismaʿeel from Ayyoob from Ibn Abu Mulaikah.  

عَنِ الْبُكَاءِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ لَيُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ  

ʿUmar ؓ said: I was marching with a group of people on a campaign with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I swore, saying: No, by my father. A man behind me called out: “Do not swear by your fathers.ʿ I turned around and saw it was the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.  

عَبَّاسٍقَالَ قَالَ عُمَرُ كُنْتُ فِي رَكْبٍ أَسِيرُ فِي غَزَاةٍ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَحَلَفْتُ فَقُلْتُ لَا وَأَبِي فَهَتَفَ بِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ خَلْفِي لَا تَحْلِفُوابِآبَائِكُمْ فَالْتَفَتُّ فَإِذَا هُوَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ  

ʿUmar would swear an oath three times, saying: By Allah, no one has more right to this wealth than anyone else, I have no more right to it than anyone else; there is no Muslim who does not have a share in this wealth, except a slave, but it is to be divided according to our categories in the light of the Book of Allah and our closeness to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Thus it is to be given on the basis of a manʿs efforts for the sake of lslam, his seniority in Islam, his support for Islam, and his need. By Allah, if I live, a shepherd in the mountains of San‘a’ will get his share of that wealth when he is tending his flock.  

عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ قَالَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى أَيْمَانٍ ثَلاثٍ يَقُولُ وَاللهِ مَا أَحَدٌ أَحَقَّ بِهَذَا الْمَالِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ وَمَا أَنَا بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ وَاللهِ مَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا وَلَهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ نَصِيبٌ إِلَّا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا وَلَكِنَّا عَلَى مَنَازِلِنَا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ وَقَسْمِنَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَالرَّجُلُ وَبَلاؤُهُ فِي الْإِسْلامِ وَالرَّجُلُ وَقَدَمُهُ فِي الْإِسْلامِ وَالرَّجُلُ وَغَنَاؤُهُ فِي الْإِسْلامِ وَالرَّجُلُ وَحَاجَتُهُ وَوَاللهِ لَئِنْ بَقِيتُ لَهُمْ لَيَأْتِيَنَّ الرَّاعِيَ بِجَبَلِ صَنْعَاءَ حَظُّهُ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَهُوَ يَرْعَى مَكَانَهُ  

I am going to ask you about something, so do not hide it from me. [Kaʿb said: By Allah I will not hide anything I know. ‘Umar said: What do you fear most for the ummah of Muhammad ﷺ? He said: Misleading leaders. ʿUmar said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ told me about that in private and informed me of it.  

مَا أَخْوَفُ شَيْءٍ تَخَوَّفُهُ عَلَى أُمَّةِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ؟ قَالَ أَئِمَّةً مُضِلِّينَ قَالَ عُمَرُ صَدَقْتَ قَدْ أَسَرَّ ذَلِكَ إِلَيَّ وَأَعْلَمَنِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ  

I heard ʿAbdullah bin ʿUmar say: ʿUmar said: Send me a doctor to examine this wound of mine. So they sent for an Arab doctor who gave ʼUmar nabeedh, and the nabeedh was mixed with blood when it came out of the stab wound that was beneath his navel. I [Ibn ‘Umar) called another doctor from among the Ansar, from the tribe of Banu Muʿawiyah. He gave him milk to drink and it came out of the wound solid and white, The doctor said to him: O Ameer al Mu’mineen, give your final instructions, ʿUmar said: The man from Banu Muʿawiyah has spoken the truth. If you had said anything else I would not have believed you. The people wept for him when they heard that, but he said: Do not weep for us; whoever wants to weep, let him leave. Did you not hear what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said? He said: ʿThe deceased is tormented by his familyʿs weeping for him.ʿ Because of that, ʿAbdullah did not approve of any weeping if one of his sons or anyone else died.  

يَقُولُقَالَ عُمَرُ أَرْسِلُوا إِلَيَّ طَبِيبًا يَنْظُرُ إِلَى جُرْحِي هَذَا قَالَ فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى طَبِيبٍ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ فَسَقَى عُمَرَ نَبِيذًا فَشُبِّهَ النَّبِيذُ بِالدَّمِ حِينَ خَرَجَ مِنَ الطَّعْنَةِ الَّتِي تَحْتَ السُّرَّةِ قَالَ فَدَعَوْتُ طَبِيبًا آخَرَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ بَنِي مُعَاوِيَةَ فَسَقَاهُ لَبَنًا فَخَرَجَ اللَّبَنُ مِنَ الطَّعْنَةِ صَلْدًا أَبْيَضَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الطَّبِيبُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اعْهَدْ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ صَدَقَنِي أَخُو بَنِي مُعَاوِيَةَ وَلَوْ قُلْتَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ كَذَّبْتُكَ قَالَ فَبَكَى عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْمُ حِينَ سَمِعُوا ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَا تَبْكُوا عَلَيْنَا مَنْ كَانَ بَاكِيًا فَلْيَخْرُجْ أَلَمْ تَسْمَعُوا مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ يُعَذَّبُ الْمَيِّتُ بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ كَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ لَا يُقِرُّ أَنْ يُبْكَى عِنْدَهُ عَلَى هَالِكٍ مِنْ وَلَدِهِ وَلا غَيْرِهِمْ  

l heard ʿUmar bin al Khattab say: The people of Jahiliyyah used not to move on from Jamʿ until they saw the sun shining on (the mountain of) Thabeer, and they would say: Shine Thabeer, then we will move on swiftly. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ moved on before the sun rose.  

قَالَسَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ يَقُولُ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَا يُفِيضُونَ مِنْ جَمْعٍ حَتَّى يَرَوْا الشَّمْسَ عَلَى ثَبِيرٍ وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ أَشْرِقْ ثَبِيرُ كَيْمَا نُغِيرُ فَأَفَاضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ  

I passed by Hisham bin Hakeem bin Hizam when he was reciting Sooratal-Furqan during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I listened to his recitation and he was reciting in a manner different from the way in which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had taught me to recite it. I was about to interrupt him whilst he was praying, but I waited until he finished his prayer, and then I tied his garment around his neck. I said to him: Who taught you this soorah that you are reciting? He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ taught it to me. I said to him: You are lying by Allah! He taught me this soorah that you recited. I brought him to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, ʿO Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I heard this man reciting Sooratal-Furqan in a way different to the way you taught it to me, and you taught me Sooratal-Furqan, The Prophet ﷺ said: Let him go, O ʿUmar: Recite it, O Hisham. So he recited it to him as I had heard him recite it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, ʿThus it was revealed.ʿ Then he said to me, ʿRecite it,” so I recited it and he said, “Thus it was revealed.ʿ Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is said: ʿThis Qurʿan has been revealed in seven different ways, so recite it in the way that is easiest for you.” It was narrated from al Miswar bin Makhramah and ʿAbdur-Rahman bin Abdul-Qari that they heard Umar bin al Khattab say: I passed by Hisham bin Hakeem bin Hizam when he was reciting Sooratal-Furqan during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. I listened to his recitation and he was reciting in a way different from the way in which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had taught me to recite it. I was about to interrupt him whilst he was praying, but I waited until he said the tasleem, and when he had said the tasleem,... and he narrated a similar report.  

مَرَرْتُ بِهِشَامِ بْنِ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْفُرْقَانِ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَاسْتَمَعْتُ قِرَاءَتَهُ فَإِذَا هُوَ يَقْرَأُ عَلَى حُرُوفٍ كَثِيرَةٍ لَمْ يُقْرِئْنِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَكِدْتُ أَنْ أُسَاوِرَهُ فِي الصَّلاةِ فَنَظَرْتُ حَتَّى سَلَّمَ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ لَبَّبْتُهُ بِرِدَائِهِ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ أَقْرَأَكَ هَذِهِ السُّورَةَ الَّتِي تَقْرَؤُهَا؟ قَالَ أَقْرَأَنِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ كَذَبْتَ فَوَاللهِ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَهُوَ أَقْرَأَنِي هَذِهِ السُّورَةَ الَّتِي تَقْرَؤُهَا قَالَ فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَقُودُهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ هَذَا يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْفُرْقَانِ عَلَى حُرُوفٍ لَمْ تُقْرِئْنِيهَا وَأَنْتَ أَقْرَأْتَنِي سُورَةَ الْفُرْقَانِ! فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَرْسِلْهُ يَا عُمَرُ اقْرَأْ يَا هِشَامُ فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْقِرَاءَةَ الَّتِي سَمِعْتُهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ هَكَذَا أُنْزِلَتْ ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ اقْرَأْ يَا عُمَرُ فَقَرَأْتُ الْقِرَاءَةَ الَّتِي أَقْرَأَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ هَكَذَا أُنْزِلَتْ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ أُنْزِلَ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ فَاقْرَؤُوا مِنْهُ مَا تَيَسَّرَ  

I heard Hishām ibn Ḥakīm b. Ḥizām recite Sūrat al-Furqān in the life of the Prophet ﷺ. I sought to hear his recitation as he used to recite it with a lot of ḥurūf (variant readings) that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not recite to me. I almost intended to stop him in the prayer but I waited until he did taslīm. When he did taslīm... then ˹the narrator˺ mentioned ˹the rest of the ḥadīth˺ by meaning.  

سَمِعْتُ هِشَامَ بْنَ حَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْفُرْقَانِ فِي حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَاسْتَمَعْتُ لِقِرَاءَتِهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ يَقْرَأُ عَلَى حُرُوفٍ كَثِيرَةٍ لَمْ يُقْرِئْنِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَكِدْتُ أُسَاوِرُهُ فِي الصَّلاةِ فَنَظَرْتُ حَتَّى سَلَّمَ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ  

ʿUmar said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Whoever among you is seeking Lailatul Qadr, let him seek it in the odd-numbered nights of the last ten days of Ramadan.ʿ  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مُلْتَمِسًا لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِفَلْيَلْتَمِسْهَا فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ وِتْرًا  

Why donʿt you appoint a successor? He said: If I do not do that, one who is better than me did not do it either, namely the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; if I do that, one who is better than me did it too, namely Abu Bakr.  

عُمَرَأَنَّ عُمَرَ قِيلَ لَهُ أَلَا تَسْتَخْلِفُ ؟ فَقَالَ إِنْ أَتْرُكْ فَقَدْ تَرَكَ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَإِنْ أَسْتَخْلِفْ فَقَدِ اسْتَخْلَفَ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي أَبُو بَكْرٍ  

I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: “Action is but by intention and each person will have but that which he intended. So whoever migrated for the sake of Allah and His Messenger, then his migration was for the sake of Allah and His Messenger, whoever migrated for some worldly purpose or for the sake of a woman whom he could marry, his migration was for the purpose for which he migrated.”  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّمَا الْعَمَلُ بِالنِّيَّةِ وَإِنَّمَا لِامْرِئٍ مَا نَوَى فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللهِ وَإِلَى رَسُولِهِ فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى اللهِ وَإِلَى رَسُولِهِ وَمَنْ كَانَتْ هِجْرَتُهُ لِدُنْيَا يُصِيبُهَا أَوِ امْرَأَةٍ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا فَهِجْرَتُهُ إِلَى مَا هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ  

Wear izars and ridaʿs and wear shoes, but take off boots and pants; throw away the stirrups and jump onto your mounts. You should wear rough clothes and practise archery, and keep away from luxury and the dress of the non-Arabs, Beware of silk, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade it and said: ʿDo not wear silk except this muchʿ - and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured with two fingers.  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ اتَّزِرُوا وَارْتَدُوا وَانْتَعِلُوا وَأَلْقُوا الْخِفَافَ وَالسَّرَاوِيلاتِ وَأَلْقُوا الرُّكُبَ وَانْزُوا نَزْوًا وَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالْمَعَدِّيَّةِ وَارْمُوا الْأَغْرَاضَ وَذَرُوا التَّنَعُّمَ وَزِيَّ الْعَجَمِ وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَالْحَرِيرَ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ نَهَى عَنْهُ وَقَالَ لَا تَلْبَسُوا مِنَ الْحَرِيرِ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ هَكَذَا وَأَشَارَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِإِصْبَعَيْهِ  

Beware of overlooking the verse of stoning and (do not let) anyone say: “We do not find two hadd punishments in the Book of Allah, for I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stone [adulterers] and we stoned [them] after he was gone.  

عَنْ آيَةِ الرَّجْمِ وَأَنْيَقُولَ قَائِلٌ لَا نَجِدُ حَدَّيْنِ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ رَجَمَ وَرَجَمْنَا بَعْدَهُ  

an old man who was guarding the coast told me: I met Abu Salih, the freed slave of ʿUmar bin al-Khattab ؓ and he said, ʿUmar bin al-Khattab ؓ told us that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “There is no night in which the sea does not approach the land three times and ask Allah for permission to flood it, but Allah, may He be glorified and exalted, restrains it.ʿ  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَيْسَ مِنْ لَيْلَةٍ إِلَّا وَالْبَحْرُ يُشْرِفُ فِيهَا ثَلاثَ مَرَّاتٍ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ يَسْتَأْذِنُ اللهَ فِي أَنْ يَنْفَضِخَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَيَكُفُّهُ اللهُ ﷻ  

I asked Ibn ʿUmar about his wife whom he divorced. He said: I divorced her when she was menstruating, and I told ‘Umar about that, and he told the Prophet ﷺ , who said: ʿTell him to take her back, then when she becomes pure, he may divorce her when she is pure.” He said: So I took her back, then I divorced her when she was pure. I said: Was that divorce that you gave her when she was menstruating counted as such?ʿ He said: Why wouldnʿt I count it? It must be counted even if I failed and acted foolishly.  

فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَذَكَرَهُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُرْهُ فَلْيُرَاجِعْهَا فَإِذَا طَهُرَتْ فَلْيُطَلِّقْهَا فِي طُهْرِهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ هَلِ اعْتَدَدْتَ بِالَّتِي طَلَّقْتَهَا وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ؟ قَالَ فَمَا لِي لَا أَعْتَدُّ بِهَا وَإِنْ كُنْتُ قَدْ عَجِزْتُ وَاسْتَحْمَقْتُ  

Abu Umamah put on a new garment, and when it reached his collarbone he said: Praise be to Allah Who has clothed me with that which conceals my ʿawrah and with which I may beautify myself in my life. Then he said: I heard ʿUmar bin al-Khattab ؓ say: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿWhoever gets a new garment, and puts it on and says, when it reaches his collarbone, ʿPraise be to Allah Who has clothed me with that which conceals my ‘awrah and with which I may beautify myself in my life,ʿ then takes the garment that is worn out or that he took off - and gives it in charity, will be in the care of Allah, may He be exalted, and under the protection of Allah in life and in death, in life and in death, in life and in death.ʿ  

عَنْ أَبِي الْعَلاءِ الشَّامِيِّ قَالَلَبِسَ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ ثَوْبًا جَدِيدًا فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ تَرْقُوَتَهُ قَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي كَسَانِي مَا أُوَارِي بِهِ عَوْرَتِي وَأَتَجَمَّلُ بِهِ فِي حَيَاتِي ثُمَّ قَالَسَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنِ اسْتَجَدَّ ثَوْبًا فَلَبِسَهُ فَقَالَ حِينَ يَبْلُغُ تَرْقُوَتَهُ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي كَسَانِي مَا أُوَارِي بِهِ عَوْرَتِي وَأَتَجَمَّلُ بِهِ فِي حَيَاتِي ثُمَّ عَمَدَ إِلَى الثَّوْبِ الَّذِي أَخْلَقَ أَوْ قَالَ أَلْقَى فَتَصَدَّقَ بِهِ كَانَ فِي ذِمَّةِ اللهِ وَفِي جِوَارِ اللهِ وَفِي كَنَفِ اللهِ حَيًّا وَمَيِّتًا حَيًّا وَمَيِّتًا حَيًّا وَمَيِّتًا  

I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ : O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, if one of us wants to sleep before doing ghusl when he is junub, what should he do? He said: ʿLet him do wudoo’ as for prayer, then sleep.”  

سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَحَدُنَا إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَنَامَ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْتَسِلَ؟ قَالَ يَتَوَضَّأُ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلاةِ ثُمَّ يَنَامُ  

I was with al-Baraʿ bin ʿAzib and ʿUmar bin al-Khattab ؓ in al-Baqee, looking for the new moon, when a rider came and was met by ʿUmar ؓ , who said: Where have you come from? He said: From the Bedouins. He said: Have you sighted the moon? He said: Yes. ‘Umar said: Allah Akbar! Verily one manʿs (testimony) is enough for the Muslims. Then ‘Umar got up and did wudooʿ, and he wiped over his leather slippers, then he prayed Maghrib. Then he said. This is what I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ do. Abun-Nadr said. He was wearing a jubbah with tight sleeves, and he brought his arm out from beneath it and wiped over his leather slippers.  

عُمَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ إِنَّمَا يَكْفِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ قَامَ عُمَرُ فَتَوَضَّأَ فَمَسَحَ عَلَى خُفَّيْهِ ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَكَذَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَنَعَقَالَ أَبُو النَّضْرِ وَعَلَيْهِ جُبَّةٌ ضَيِّقَةُ الْكُمَّيْنِ فَأَخْرَجَ يَدَهُ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا وَمَسَحَ  

A man called Bairah bin Asad went out from Tahiyah, migrating [Hijrah], and he reached Madinah a few days after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died ‘Umar ؓ saw him and realized he was a stranger, so he said to him. Who are you? Are you from Oman? He said: Yes. He took him by the hand and brought him to Abu Bakr ؓ and said: This man is from the land of which heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying: ʿI know a land called Oman at the edge of the sea, in it is a tribe of the Arabs who, if my envoy goes to them, they will not shoot arrows or throw stones at him.”  

عَنْ أَبِي لَبِيدٍ قَالَخَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ طَاحِيَةَ مُهَاجِرًا يُقَالُ لَهُ بَيْرَحُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِأَيَّامٍ فَرَآهُ عُمَرُ فَعَلِمَ أَنَّهُ غَرِيبٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ مِنْ أَهْلِ عُمَانَ قَالَ مِنْ أَهْلِ عُمَان؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ فَأَدْخَلَهُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ هَذَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ أَرْضًا يُقَالُ لَهَا عُمَانُ يَنْضَحُ بِنَاحِيَتِهَا الْبَحْرُ بِهَا حَيٌّ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ لَوْ أَتَاهُمْ رَسُولِي مَا رَمَوْهُ بِسَهْمٍ وَلا حَجَرٍ  

ʿAllah, may He be blessed and exalted - says: ʿWhoever humbles himself before Me like that” – and he turned his palm down towards the ground like that, very close to the ground - ʿ I will raise him in status like thisʿ - and he turned his palm up towards the heaven and raised his hand like that.  

اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى مَنْ تَوَاضَعَ لِي هَكَذَا وَجَعَلَ يَزِيدُ بَاطِنَ كَفِّهِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَأَدْنَاهَا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ رَفَعْتُهُ هَكَذَا وَجَعَلَ بَاطِنَ كَفِّهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَرَفَعَهَا نَحْوَ السَّمَاءِ  

l was sitting beneath the minbar of ʿUmar ؓ when he was addressing the people, and he said in his khutbah:I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: “What I fear the most for this ummah is every knowledgeable hypocrite with a smooth tongue.”  

عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ قَالَإِنِّي لَجَالِسٌ تَحْتَ مِنْبَرِ عُمَرَ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ أَخْوَفَ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ كُلُّ مُنَافِقٍ عَلِيمِ اللِّسَانِ  

ʿAnd (remember) when your Lord brought forth from the Children of Adam, from their loinsʿ [al-Aʿraf 7:172], ʿUmar ؓ said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ being asked about it and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿAllah created Adam, then He passed His right hand over his loins and brought forth from him his offspring and said: I have created these for Paradise and they will do the deeds of the people of Paradise. Then He passed (His hand) over his loins and brought forth from him his offspring and said: I have created these for Hell and they will do the deeds of the people of Hell.” A man said: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, why then should we strive? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿWhen Allah creates a person for Paradise, He causes him to do the deeds of the people of Paradise until he dies doing one of the deeds of the people of Paradise and is admitted to Paradise thereby. And when He creates a person for Hell, He causes him to do the deeds of the people of Hell until he dies doing one of the deeds of the people of Hell and is admitted to Hell thereby.”  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ سُئِلَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّاتِهِمُ } الْآيَةَ [الأعراف 172] فَقَالَ عُمَرُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللهَ خَلَقَ آدَمَ ثُمَّ مَسَحَ ظَهْرَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ وَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ ذُرِّيَّةً فَقَالَ خَلَقْتُ هَؤُلاءِ لِلْجَنَّةِ وَبِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ يَعْمَلُونَ ثُمَّ مَسَحَ ظَهْرَهُ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ ذُرِّيَّةً فَقَالَ خَلَقْتُ هَؤُلاءِ لِلنَّارِ وَبِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ يَعْمَلُونَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَفِيمَ الْعَمَلُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ إِذَا خَلَقَ الْعَبْدَ لِلْجَنَّةِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ عَلَى عَمَلٍ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيُدْخِلَهُ بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَإِذَا خَلَقَ الْعَبْدَ لِلنَّارِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ عَلَى عَمَلٍ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَيُدْخِلَهُ بِهِ النَّارَ  

What time is this? He said:O Ameer al-Mu’mineen, I came back from the market and as soon as I heard the call to prayer, I did no more than wudoo,’ and came here. ‘Umar said: Just wudooʻ. when you know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to enjoin us to do ghusl?  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قَائِمٌ يَخْطُبُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَيَّةُ سَاعَةٍ هَذِهِ؟ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ انْقَلَبْتُ مِنَ السُّوقِ فَسَمِعْتُ النِّدَاءَ فَمَا زِدْتُ عَلَى أَنْ تَوَضَّأْتُ فَأَقْبَلْتُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ الْوُضُوءُ أَيْضًا! وَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَأْمُرُنَا بِالْغُسْلِ  

I circumambulated (the Ka’bah] with ʿUmar bin al-Khattab ؓ and he touched the corner, Yaʿla said: I was next to the House and when I reached the western corner which is next to the Black Stone, I took his hand to touch it and he said: What is the matter with you? I said. Arenʿt you going to touch it? He said: Did you not do tawaf with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ? I said: Yes indeed. He said: Did you see him touch these two western corners? I said: No. He said: Donʿt you have a good example in him? I said: Yes indeed. He said: Then stop bothering about that.  

يَعْلَى فَكُنْتُ مِمَّا يَلِي الْبَيْتَ فَلَمَّا بَلَغْتُ الرُّكْنَ الْغَرْبِيَّ الَّذِي يَلِي الْأَسْوَدَ جَرَرْتُ بِيَدِهِ لِيَسْتَلِمَ فَقَالَ مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ فَقُلْتُ أَلا تَسْتَلِمُ؟ قَالَ أَلَمْ تَطُفْ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ؟ فَقُلْتُ بَلَى فَقَالَ أَفَرَأَيْتَهُ يَسْتَلِمُ هَذَيْنِ الرُّكْنَيْنِ الْغَرْبِيَّيْنِ؟ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَا قَالَ أَفَلَيْسَ لَكَ فِيهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ فَانْفُذْ عَنْكَ  

l brought some dinars of mine and wanted to exchange them. Talhah bin ‘Ubaidullah met me and we agreed to an exchange. Then he took them and said: Wait until my storekeeper comes - Abu ʿAmir said. From al-Ghalal (a place). And he said concerning it. All of it should be ‘Take this’ and ʿtake thisʿ [i.e., exchanged on the spot]. - I asked ‘Umar bin al-Khattab ؓ about that and he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ʿSilver for gold is riba, unless it is exchanged on the spot, wheat for wheat is riba, unless it is exchanged on the spot; barley for barley is riba, unless it is exchanged on the spot dates for dates is ribu unless it is exchanged on the spot.”  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ الذَّهَبُ بِالْوَرِقِ رِبًا إِلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاتِ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ رِبًا إِلَّا هَاءَوَهَاتِ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ رِبًا إِلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاتِ وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ رِبًا إِلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاتِ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿThe deceased is tormented because of the weeping of his family over him.”  

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْمَيِّتُ يُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَاءِ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ  

I came to Umar bin al Khattab with some of my people and he starting giving to each man of Tayy two thousand, and he ignored me, I tried to come in front of him and he turned away from me, then I came from the direction he was facing and he turned away from me. Then I said: O Ameer al-Muʿmineen, do you recognize me? He smiled and leaned backwards, then he said: Yes, by Allah! I know that you believed when they disbelieved, and you came when they turned away, and you remained loyal when they betrayed. The first sadaqah (zakah) that brightened the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the faces of his Companions was the sadaqah of Tayy that you brought to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ Then he began to apologize, then he said: I am only giving to people who are extremely poor and they are the leaders of their tribes and have responsibilities.  

فَاسْتَقْبَلْتُهُ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنِّي ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ مِنْ حِيَالِ وَجْهِهِ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنِّي قَالَ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَتَعْرِفُنِي؟ قَالَ فَضَحِكَ حَتَّى اسْتَلْقَى لِقَفَاهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُكَ آمَنْتَ إِذْ كَفَرُوا وَأَقْبَلْتَ إِذْ أَدْبَرُواوَوَفَيْتَ إِذْ غَدَرُوا وَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ صَدَقَةٍ بَيَّضَتْ وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَوُجُوهَ أَصْحَابِهِ صَدَقَةُ طَيِّئٍ ؛ جِئْتَ بِهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ يَعْتَذِرُ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّمَا فَرَضْتُ لِقَوْمٍ أَجْحَفَتْ بِهِمُ الْفَاقَةُ وَهُمْ سَادَةُ عَشَائِرِهِمْ لِمَا يَنُوبُهُمْ مِنَ الْحُقُوقِ  

I heard ʿUmar bin al-Khattab say: Why are we running now and uncovering our shoulders (in tawaf) when Allah has caused Islam to prevail and has eliminated kufr and its people? Whatever the case, we will never give up something that we did at the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.  

عَنِ الْمَنَاكِبِ وَقَدْ أَطَّأَ اللهُ الْإِسْلامَ وَنَفَى الْكُفْرَ وَأَهْلَهُ وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ لَا نَدَعُ شَيْئًا كُنَّا نَفْعَلُهُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ  

When I came to Madinah, sickness was occurring in the city. ʿAbdus-Samad said: They were dying quickly. I sat with ʿUmar bin al-Khattab and a funeral passed by. Good things were said about (the deceased) and ‘Umar said: It is due. Then another (funeral) passed by: good things were said about (the deceased) and he said: It is due, Then another funeral passed by: bad things were said about the deceased and ‘Umar said: It is due, I said: What is due, O Ameer al Muʿmineen? He said: I say what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Any Muslim in whose favour four people testify, Allah will admit him to Paradise.ʿ We said: Or three? He said: “Or three.ʿ We said: Or two? He said: “Or two.ʿ Then we did not ask him about one.  

أَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ وَقَدْ وَقَعَ بِهَا مَرَضٌ قَالَ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ فَهُمْ يَمُوتُونَ مَوْتًا ذَرِيعًا فَجَلَسْتُ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَمَرَّتْ بِهِ جَنَازَةٌ فَأُثْنِيَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا خَيْرٌ فَقَالَ وَجَبَتْ ثُمَّ مُرَّ بِأُخْرَى فَأُثْنِيَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهَا خَيْرٌ فَقَالَ وَجَبَتْ ثُمَّ مُرَّ بِأُخْرَى فَأُثْنِيَ عَلَيْهَا شَرٌّ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ وَجَبَتْ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا وَجَبَتْ؟ فَقَالَ قُلْتُ كَمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا مُسْلِمٍ شَهِدَ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةٌ بِخَيْرٍ إِلَّا أَدْخَلَهُ اللهُ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ قُلْنَا وَثَلاثَةٌ ؟ قَالَ وَثَلاثَةٌ قُلْنَا وَاثْنَانِ؟ قَالَ وَاثْنَانِ قَالَ وَلَمْ نَسْأَلْهُ عَنِ الْوَاحِدِ  

Whilst ʿUmar bin al-Khattab was delivering a khutbah, a man came and sat down, ʿUmar said: Why are you coming late to Jumu’ah? The man said: O Ameer al-Muʿmineen, as soon as I heard the call I did wudooʿ, then I came. ʿUmar said: Only wudoo? Didnʿt you hear the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ʿWhen one of you goes to Jumu’ah, let him do ghuslʿ? Abu Salamah narrated that Abu Hurairah (...) told him that whilst ‘Umar was delivering the khutbah... and he narrated a similar report.  

الرَّجُلُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ سَمِعْتُ النِّدَاءَ فَتَوَضَّأْتُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلْتُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ وَأَيْضًا! أَلَمْ تَسْمَعُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِذَا رَاحَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ فَلْيَغْتَسِلْ ؟  

[Machine] He informed him that Umar is going to propose, so he mentioned him.  

أَخْبَرَهُأَنَّ عُمَرَ بَيْنَا هُوَ يَخْطُبُ فَذَكَرَهُ  

Ask ʿAʿishah about that. So he asked ʿAʿishah and she said: Ask Ibn ʿUmar (...). So he asked Ibn ʿUmar, and he said: Abu Hafs told me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿWhoever wears silk in this world will have no share of it in the Hereafter.”  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ لَبِسَ الْحَرِيرَ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَلا خَلاقَ لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ  

Learn from me three things, for I fear that the people will not come to me (before I die). As for me, I did not pass any judgement regarding kalalah and I did not appoint any successor to be in charge of the people after me, and every slave of his [Umarʿs] will be free. The people said to him: Appoint a successor. He said: Whatever I do, it was done by someone better than me. If I leave the people to decide their affairs, the Prophet ﷺ of Allah did that, and if I appoint someone, one who is better than me did that, namely Abu Bakr, I said to him: Receive the glad tidings of Paradise; you accompanied the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, your companionship with him was long; you were appointed in charge of the believers and you showed strength and fulfilled the trust. He said. As for your glad tidings to me of Paradise - ʿAffan [another narrator] said: No by Allah besides Whom there is no god- if I had the entire world and all that is in it, I would give it as a ransom from the terror of what lies before me, even before knowing the outcome. As for what you say about me being in charge of the believersʿ affairs, by Allah I wish that I could get out of it without gaining or losing anything. As for what you said about me accompanying the Prophet ﷺ of Allah, that is true.  

أَنَا أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَتَى عُمَرَ حِينَ طُعِنَ فَقَالَ احْفَظْ عَنِّي ثَلاثًا فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ لَا يُدْرِكَنِي النَّاسُ أَمَّا أَنَا فَلَمْ أَقْضِ فِي الْكَلالَةِ قَضَاءً وَلَمْ أَسْتَخْلِفْ عَلَى النَّاسِ خَلِيفَةً وَكُلُّ مَمْلُوكٍ لَهُ عَتِيقٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّاسُ اسْتَخْلِفْ فَقَالَ أَيَّ ذَلِكَ أَفْعَلُ فَقَدْ فَعَلَهُ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي إِنْ أَدَعْ إِلَى النَّاسِ أَمْرَهُمْ فَقَدْ تَرَكَهُ نَبِيُّ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلاةُ وَالسَّلامُ وَإِنْ أَسْتَخْلِفْ فَقَدِ اسْتَخْلَفَ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَبْشِرْ بِالْجَنَّةِ صَاحَبْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَطَلْتَ صُحْبَتَهُ وَوُلِّيتَ أَمْرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَوِيتَ وَأَدَّيْتَ الْأَمَانَةَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا تَبْشِيرُكَ إِيَّايَ بِالْجَنَّةِ فَوَاللهِ لَوْ أَنَّ لِي قَالَ عَفَّانُ فَلا وَاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَوْ أَنَّ لِي الدُّنْيَا بِمَا فِيهَا لافْتَدَيْتُ بِهِ مِنْ هَوْلِ مَا أَمَامِي قَبْلَ أَنْ أَعْلَمَ الْخَبَرَ وَأَمَّا قَوْلُكَ فِي أَمْرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَوَاللهِ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَفَافًا لَا لِي وَلا عَلَيَّ وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنْ صُحْبَةِ نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَلِكَ  

‘Umar wrote to AbuʼUbaidah bin al-Jarrah [saying]: Teach your children swimming and teach your fighters archery. After that they used to practise archery frequently, then a stray arrow came and killed a boy, and no one knew where it came from; he was under the care of his maternal uncle. Abu ʿUbaidah wrote to ʿUmar about that [asking]: To whom should I pay his diyah? ‘Umar wrote back telling him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to say: “Allah and His Messenger are the mawla (guardian) of the one who has no mawla, and the maternal uncle is the heir of the one who has no heir.”  

أَنْ عَلِّمُوا غِلْمَانَكُمُ الْعَوْمَ وَمُقَاتِلَتَكُمُ الرَّمْيَ فَكَانُوا يَخْتَلِفُونَ إِلَى الْأَغْرَاضِ فَجَاءَ سَهْم غَرْبٌ إِلَى غُلامٍ فَقَتَلَهُ فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ لَهُ أَصْلٌ وَكَانَ فِي حِجْرِ خَالٍ لَهُ فَكَتَبَ فِيهِ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ [[إِلَى مَنْ أَدْفَعُ عَقْلَهُ؟]] (*) فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ وَالْخَالُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ  

I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: ʿThe loyalty (walaʿ) of a freed slave (to his former master) is passed on to the one who inherits his wealth, father or son.”  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ يَرِثُ الْوَلَاءَ مَنْ وَرِثَ الْمَالَ مِنْ وَالِدٍ أَوْ وَلَدٍ  

I saw ʿUmar go to the Black Stone and say: By Allah, I know that you are a stone and cannot cause harm or bring benefit. Were it not that I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ kiss you, I would not have kissed you. Then he leant down and kissed it.  

أَمَا وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ حَجَرٌ لَا تَضُرُّ وَلا تَنْفَعُ وَلَوْلا أَنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَبَّلَكَ مَا قَبَّلْتُكَ ثُمَّ دَنَا فَقَبَّلَهُ  

I came to Madinah and met Aslam, the freed slave of ʿUmar bin al-Khattab. I said. Tell me(a report)from ʿUmar. He said: I cannot, I am afraid that I will add or subtract something. If we said to ‘Umar, Tell us something from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he would say: I am afraid that I may add or subtract a letter. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Whoever tells a lie about me will be in Hell.ʿ  

لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَخَافُ أَنْ أَزِيدَ أَوْ أَنْقُصَ كُنَّا إِذَا قُلْنَا لِعُمَرَ حَدِّثْنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَخَافُ أَنْ أَزِيدَ حَرْفًا أَوْ أَنْقُصَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ كَذَبَ عَلَيَّ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Whoever says in a marketplace, There is no God but Allah alone, with no partner or associate, His is the dominion, to Him all praise is due, all goodness is in His hand, He grants life and death and He has power overall things,ʿ Allah will record for him one thousand thousand good deeds and will erase from him one thousand thousand bad deeds, and will build a house for him in Paradise.ʿ  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ قَالَ فِي سُوقٍ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ كَتَبَ اللهُ لَهُ بِهَا أَلْفَ أَلْفِ حَسَنَةٍ وَمَحَا عَنْهُ بِهَاأَلْفَ أَلْفِ سَيِّئَةٍ وَبَنَى لَهُ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ  

On the day of Khaibar, a group of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: So and so is a martyr, So and so is a martyr, until they passed by a man and said: So and so is a martyr. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿNo, I saw him being dragged to Hell because of a cloak that he stole from the booty. Go out and call out to the people, “No one will enter Paradise except the believers.ʿ So I went out and called out: No one will enter Paradise except the believers.  

لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ خَيْبَرَ أَقْبَلَ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُونَ فُلانٌ شَهِيدٌ وَفُلانٌ شَهِيدٌ حَتَّى مَرُّوا بِرَجُلٍ فَقَالُوا فُلانٌ شَهِيدٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ كَلَّا إِنِّي رَأَيْتُهُ يُجَرُّ إِلَى النَّارِ فِي عَبَاءَةٍ غَلَّهَا اخْرُجْ يَا عُمَرُ فَنَادِ فِي النَّاسِ إِنَّهُ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ فَخَرَجْتُ فَنَادَيْتُ إِنَّهُ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ  

No, by my father. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Stop it! whoever swears by anything other than Allah has committed an act of shirk.ʿ  

رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَهْ إِنَّهُ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِشَيْءٍ دُونَ اللهِ فَقَدْ أَشْرَكَ  

Were it not for the fact that I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say. ʿWe want to extend our mosque,” I would not have added anything to it.  

عَنْ نَافِعٍأَنَّ عُمَرَ زَادَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ مِنَ الْأُسْطُوَانَةِ إِلَى الْمَقْصُورَةِ وَزَادَ عُثْمَانُ وَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَوْلا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ نَبْغِي نَزِيدُ فِي مَسْجِدِنَا مَا زِدْتُ فِيهِ  

Allah, may He be glorified and exalted, sent Muhammad ﷺ with the truth, and He sent down with him the Book. One of the things that were revealed to him was the verse of stoning. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stoned [adulterers] and we stoned [them] after him. Then he said: We used to recite, ʿDo not forsake your real father (and attribute yourself to someone else), for this is an act of kufr, if you do that, or it is an act of kufr to forsake your real father (and attribute yourself to someone else).ʿ And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿDo not praise me as the son of Maryam was praised; rather I am a slave, so say: His slave and His Messenger.ʿ Perhaps Maʿmar said: ʿAs the Christians praised the son of Maryam.”  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ بِالْحَقِّ وَأَنْزَلَ مَعَهُ الْكِتَابَ فَكَانَ مِمَّا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ آيَةُ الرَّجْمِ فَرَجَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَرَجَمْنَا بَعْدَهُثُمَّ قَالَ قَدْ كُنَّا نَقْرَأُ وَلا تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ كُفْرٌ بِكُمْ أَوْ إِنَّ كُفْرًا بِكُمْ أَنْ تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا تُطْرُونِي كَمَا أُطْرِيَ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا عَبْدٌ فَقُولُوا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ كَمَا أَطْرَتِ النَّصَارَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ