12. Book of Fasting
١٢۔ كِتَابُ الصَّوْمِ
ذِكْرُ الْأَمْرِ بِالْقَدْرِ لِشَهْرِ شَعْبَانَ إِذَا غُمَّ عَلَى النَّاسِ رُؤْيَةُ هِلَالِ رَمَضَانَ
" I heard the messenger of Allah say: 'When you see the crescent then fast, and when you see it, then stop fasting, and if it is obscured from you (too cloudy), then work it out (fro the beginning of the month, to complete thirty days)"' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2120)
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَصُومُوا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ ﷺ «فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ» أَرَادَ بِهِ أَعْدَادَ الثَّلَاثِينَ
: "The Messenger of Allah said: 'Fast when you see it and stop fasting when you see it, and if it is obscured from you (too cloudy), then count it as thirty (days).'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2118)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا ثَلَاثِينَ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ ﷺ «اقْدُرُوا» أَرَادَ بِهِ أَعْدَادَ الثَّلَاثِينَ
"When you see the crescent then fast, and when you crescent then fast, and when you see it, stop fasting. If it is obscured from you (too cloudy), then fast thirty days." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2119)
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ فَصُومُوا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ الْمَرْءَ عَلَيْهِ إِحْصَاءُ شَعْبَانَ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا، ثُمَّ الصَّوْمُ لِرَمَضَانَ بَعْدَهُ
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to count the days in Sha'ban in a manner he did not count any other month; then he fasted when he sighted the new moon of Ramadan; but if the weather was cloudy he counted thirty days and then fasted. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2325)
سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ تَقُولُ «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَحَفَّظُ مِنْ هِلَالِ شَعْبَانَ مَا لَا يَتَحَفَّظُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ لِرُؤْيَةِ رَمَضَانَ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْهِ عَدَّ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا ثُمَّ صَامَ»
ذِكْرُ الزَّجْرِ عَنْ أَنْ يُصَامَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا بَعْدَ رُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ لَهُ
"Do not fast until you see the crescent, and do not stop fasting until you see it, and if it is obscured from you (too cloudy), then work it out." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2121)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ «لَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ وَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدِرُوا لَهُ»
ذِكْرُ إِجَازَةِ شَهَادَةِ الشَّاهِدِ الْوَاحِدِ إِذَا كَانَ عَدْلًا عَلَى رُؤْيَةِ هِلَالِ رَمَضَانَ
"A Bedouin come to the Prophet and said; 'I have sighted the crescent tonight.' He said: 'Do you bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, and that Messenger?' He said: 'Yes.' He said: 'O Bilal, announce to the people that they should fast tomorrow. "' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2113)
جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَعْرَابِيٌّ فَقَالَ أَبْصَرْتُ الْهِلَالَ اللَّيْلَةَ فَقَالَ «تَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ» قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ «قُمْ يَا فُلَانُ فَنَادِ فِي النَّاسِ فَلْيَصُومُوا غَدًا» وَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو يَعْلَى مَرَّةً أُخْرَى وَقَالَ «قُمْ يَا بِلَالُ»
ذِكْرُ الْخَبَرِ الْمُدْحِضِ قَوْلَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ هَذَا الْخَبَرَ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، وَأَنَّ رَفْعَهُ غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ فِيمَا زَعَمَ
The people looked for the moon, so I informed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that I had sighted it. He fasted and commanded the people to fast. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2342)
«تَرَاءَى النَّاسُ الْهِلَالَ فَرَأَيْتُهُ فَأَخْبَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَامَ وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِصِيَامِهِ»
12.3.8 Subsection
١٢۔٣۔٨ ذِكْرُ خَبَرٍ أَوْهَمَ مَنْ لَمْ يُحْكِمْ صِنَاعَةَ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ لَا يَنْقُصُ عَنْ تَمَامِ ثَلَاثِينَ فِي الْعَدَدِ
The Prophet ﷺ as saying: The two months of 'Id (festival), Ramadan and Dhu al-Hijjah, are not defective. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2323)
أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «شَهْرَا عِيدٍ لَا يَنْقُصَانِ رَمَضَانُ وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ»
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'The month is twenty-nine days."' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2134)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ»
12.3 [Machine] Vision of the crescent moon
١٢۔٣ بَابُ رُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ
ذِكْرُ خَبَرٍ ثَانٍ يُوهِمُ مَنْ لَمْ يُحْكِمْ صِنَاعَةَ الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ تَمَامَ الشَّهْرِ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ دُونَ أَنْ يَكُونَ ثَلَاثِينَ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "How many days in the month?" meaning Ramadan. We said, "Twenty-two remained, and eight have passed." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Twenty-two have passed, and there remain seven, so seek it tonight." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The month is like this and this," three times, ten, ten, twice, and one, nine.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «كَمْ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ؟ » يَعْنِي رَمَضَانَ قُلْنَا ثِنْتَانِ وَعِشْرُونَ وَبَقِيَ ثَمَانٍ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَضَتْ ثِنْتَانِ وَعِشْرُونَ وَبَقِيَ سَبْعٌ فَاطْلُبُوهَا اللَّيْلَةَ» ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «الشَّهْرُ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا» ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ عَشَرَةً عَشَرَةً مَرَّتَيْنِ وَوَاحِدَةٌ تِسْعَةٌ
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ ﷺ «تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ» أَرَادَ بَعْضَ الشَّهْرِ لَا الْكَلَّ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The month is thirty days, and if it is obscured to you, then complete the count as thirty."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «الشَّهْرُ ثَلَاثُونَ وَالشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ ﷺ «تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ» أَرَادَ بِهِ بَعْضَ الشُّهُورِ لَا الْكَلَّ
[Machine] He heard Jabir ibn Abdullah say that the Prophet ﷺ separated from his wives for a month. Then the Prophet ﷺ came out on the morning of the twenty-ninth day, and some of the people said, "O Messenger of Allah, we have reached the twenty-ninth day." He ﷺ said, "The month can be twenty-nine (days)." Then the Prophet ﷺ applauded three times with all his fingers, and the third time with nine of them.
أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ عَزَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ نِسَاءَهُ شَهْرًا فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صَبَاحَ تِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا أَصْبَحْنَا مِنْ تِسْعَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ فَقَالَ ﷺ «إِنَّ الشَّهْرَ يَكُونُ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ» ثُمَّ صَفَّقَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثَلَاثًا مَرَّتَيْنِ بِأَصَابِعِ يَدَيْهِ كُلِّهَا وَالثَّالِثُ بِتِسْعٍ مِنْهَا
ذِكْرُ خَبَرٍ ثَانٍ يُصَرِّحُ بِأَنَّ الشَّهْرَ يَكُونُ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ بَعْضَ الشُّهُورِ لَا الْكَلَّ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Indeed, the month consists of twenty-nine."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «إِنَّ الشَّهْرَ يَكُونُ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ»
ذِكْرُ الْإِخْبَارِ بِأَنَّ الشَّهْرَ قَدْ يَكُونُ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَحْوَالِ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ
The Prophet ﷺ said, "The month is like this and this," (at the same time he showed the fingers of both his hands thrice) and left out one thumb on the third time. (Using translation from Bukhārī 1908)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِنَّ الشَّهْرَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا» وَخَنَسَ الْإِبْهَامَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ
ذِكْرُ الْإِخْبَارِ بِأَنَّ الشَّهْرَ قَدْ يَكُونُ عَلَى التَّمَامِ ثَلَاثِينَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَحْوَالِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The month is like this, the month is like this," while raising the first three fingers of his hand, and then closing them, and then raising the last three fingers of his hand, except the little finger.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «الشَّهْرُ هَكَذَا الشَّهْرُ هَكَذَا» يُثَبِّتُ الثَّلَاثَةَ الْأُوَلَ بِكُلِّ أَصَابِعِ يَدَيْهِ وَالثَّلَاثَ الْأَوَاخِرَ بِكُلِّ أَصَابِعِ يَدَيْهِ إِلَّا الْآخِرَ
ذِكْرُ قَبُولِ شَهَادَةِ جَمَاعَةٍ عَلَى رُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ لِلْعِيدِ
[Machine] "That the general public, who witnessed the sighting of the crescent moon in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ , were commanded by the Prophet ﷺ to go out for their celebration from the next day."
«أَنَّ عُمُومَةً لَهُ شَهِدُوا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى رُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ فَأَمَرَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا لِعِيدِهِمْ مِنَ الْغَدِ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ رُؤْيَةَ هِلَالِ شَوَّالٍ، إِذَا غُمَّ عَلَى النَّاسِ كَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِتْمَامُ رَمَضَانَ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا
"the Messenger of Allah said: 'Fast when you see it and stop fasting when you see it, and if it is obscured from you (too cloudy), then count it as thirty (days). "' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2117)
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَصُومُوا ثَلَاثِينَ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ قَوْلَهُ ﷺ «فَصُومُوا ثَلَاثِينَ»، أَرَادَ بِهِ: إِنْ لَمْ تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ
"Do not anticipate the month until you see the crescent before it, or you complete the number of days. Then fast until you see the new moon, or you complete the number of days." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2126)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «لَا تَقَدَّمُوا الشَّهْرَ حَتَّى تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ أَوْ تُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ ثُمَّ صُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ أَوْ تُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ»
ذِكْرُ خَبَرٍ ثَانٍ يُصَرِّحُ بِأَنَّ عَلَى النَّاسِ أَنْ يُتِمُّوا صَوْمَ رَمَضَانَ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا عِنْدَ عَدَمِ رُؤْيَةِ هِلَالِ شَوَّالٍ
"the Messenger of Allah said: 'Fast when you see it and stop fasting when you see it, and if it is obscured from you (too cloudy), then count it as thirty (days). "' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2117)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا ثُمَّ أَفْطِرُوا»