12. Book of Fasting
١٢۔ كِتَابُ الصَّوْمِ
ذِكْرُ الْإِخْبَارِ بِأَنَّ عَشْرَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ وَشَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فِي الْفَضْلِ يَكُونَانِ سِيَّيْنِ
The Prophet ﷺ as saying: The two months of 'Id (festival), Ramadan and Dhu al-Hijjah, are not defective. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2323)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «شَهْرَا عِيدٍ لَا يَنْقُصَانِ رَمَضَانُ وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ»
ذِكْرُ إِثْبَاتِ مَغْفِرَةِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَلَا لِصَائِمِ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا
“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘Whoever fasts Ramadan and spends its nights in prayer, out of faith and in hope of reward, his previous sins will be forgiven.’” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1326)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ»
ذِكْرُ تَفَضُّلِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَلَا بِمَغْفِرَةِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِ الْعَبْدِ بِصِيَامِهِ رَمَضَانَ إِذَا عَرَفَ حُدُودَهُ
[Machine] From the Prophet ﷺ , he said, "Whoever fasts Ramadan, knows its limits, and preserves what should be preserved, will have their previous sins forgiven."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ وَعَرَفَ حُدُودَهُ وَتَحَفَّظَ مَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَتَحَفَّظَ كَفَّرَ مَا قَبْلَهُ»
ذِكْرُ فَتْحِ أَبْوَابِ الْجِنَانِ، وَغَلْقِ أَبْوَابِ النِّيرَانِ، وَتَصْفِيدِ الشَّيَاطِينِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ
'When Ramadan begins, the gates of Paradise are opened, the gates of Hell are closed, and the devils are chained up." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2099)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِذَا كَانَ رَمَضَانُ فُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ الْجَنَّةِ وَغُلِّقَتْ أَبْوَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَسُلْسِلَتِ الشَّيَاطِينُ»
ذِكْرُ الْبَيَانِ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَلَا إِنَّمَا يُصَفِّدُ الشَّيَاطِينَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مَرَدَتَهُمْ دُونَ غَيْرِهِمْ
“When the first night of Ramadan comes, the satans and mischievous jinns are chained up, and the gates of the Fire are closed, and none of its gates are opened. The gates of Paradise are opened and none of its gates are closed. And a caller cries out: ‘O seeker of good, proceed, O seeker of evil, stop.’ And Allah has necks (people) whom He frees (from the Fire), and that happens every day.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1642)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «إِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ صُفِّدَتِ الشَّيَاطِينُ مَرَدَةُ الْجِنِّ وَغُلِّقَتْ أَبْوَابُ النَّارِ فَلَمْ يُفْتَحْ مِنْهَا بَابٌ وَفُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُ الْجَنَّةِ فَلَمْ يُغْلَقْ مِنْهَا بَابٌ وَمُنَادٍ يُنَادِي يَا بَاغِيَ الْخَيْرِ أَقْبَلْ وَيَا بَاغِيَ الشَّرِّ أَقْصِرْ وَلِلَّهِ عُتَقَاءُ مِنَ النَّارِ وَذَلِكَ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ»
ذِكْرُ اسْتِحْبَابِ الِاجْتِهَادِ فِي الطَّاعَاتِ فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ
[Machine] "When the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ entered the last ten nights of Ramadan, he used to wake up his family, tighten his waist belt, and stay up all night in worship."
«كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْعَشْرُ الْأَوَاخِرُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ أَيْقَظَ أَهْلَهُ وَشَدَّ الْمِئْزَرَ وَأَحْيَا اللَّيْلَ»
ذِكْرُ اسْتِحْبَابِ الِاجْتِهَادِ فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ اقْتِدَاءً بِالْمُصْطَفَى صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَامُهُ
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that when the last ten nights began Messenger of Allah ﷺ kept awake at night (for prayer and devotion), wakened his family, and prepared himself to observe prayer (with more vigour). (Using translation from Muslim 1174)
«كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْعَشْرُ أَحْيَا اللَّيْلَ وَشَدَّ الْمِئْزَرَ وَأَيْقَظَ أَهْلَهُ»
ذِكْرُ كِتْبَةِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَلَا صَائِمَ رَمَضَانَ، وَقَائِمَهُ مَعَ إِقَامَتِهِ الصَّلَاةَ، وَالزَّكَاةَ مِنَ الصِّدِّيقِينَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ
A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: O Messenger of Allah, what if I were to testify that there is no god except Allah and you are the Messenger of Allah, and I were to perform the five Ṣalawāt (obligatory ritual prayers), pay the Zakāh (obligatory charity), fast ˹the month of˺ Ramaḍān and stand ˹for night ṣalāh˺ in it, then whom I would be among? He (the Prophet ﷺ) said, "From the Truthful ones and the Martyrs."
جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ شَهِدْتُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَصَلَّيْتُ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ وَأَدَّيْتُ الزَّكَاةَ وَصُمْتُ رَمَضَانَ وَقُمْتُهُ فَمِمَّنْ أَنَا؟ قَالَ «مِنَ الصِّدِّيقِينَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ»
ذِكْرُ الزَّجْرِ عَنْ قَوْلِ الْمَرْءِ: صُمْتُ رَمَضَانَ كُلَّهُ حَذَرَ تَقْصِيرٍ لَوْ كَانَ وَقَعَ فِي صَوْمِهِ
The Prophet ﷺ said: One of you should not say: I fasted the whole of Ramadan, and I prayed during the night in the whole of Ramadan. I do not know whether he disliked the purification; or he (the narrator) said: He must have slept a little and taken rest. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2415)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «لَا يَقُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ إِنِّي صُمْتُ رَمَضَانَ كُلَّهُ وَقُمْتُهُ» قَالَ فَلَا أَدْرِي أَكَرِهَ التَّزْكِيَةَ أَمْ قَالَ «لَا بُدَّ مِنْ رَقْدَةٍ أَوْ غَفَلَةٍ»
ذِكْرُ اسْتِحْبَابِ الْجُودِ وَالْإِفْضَالِ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالْعَطَايَا فِي رَمَضَانَ، اسْتِنَانًا بِالْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ
The Prophet ﷺ was the most generous person, and he used to become more so (generous) particularly in the month of Ramadan because Gabriel used to meet him every night of the month of Ramadan till it elapsed. Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to recite the Qur'an for him. When Gabriel met him, he used to become more generous than the fast wind in doing good. (Using translation from Bukhārī 4997)
«كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَجْوَدَ النَّاسِ بِالْخَيْرِ وَكَانَ أَجْوَدَ مَا يَكُونُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ كَانَ يَلْقَاهُ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى يَنْسَلِخَ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنَ فَإِذَا لَقِيَهُ جِبْرِيلُ كَانَ ﷺ أَجْوَدَ بِالْخَيْرِ مِنَ الرِّيحِ الْمُرْسَلَةِ»