“O Abu Hurairah. Learn about the inheritance and teach it, for it is half of knowledge, but it will be forgotten. This is the first thing that will be taken away from my nation.’” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2719)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ تَعَلَّمُوا الْفَرَائِضَ وَعَلِّمُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ نِصْفُ الْعِلْمِ وَإِنَّهُ يُنْسَى وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَا يُنْزَعُ مِنْ أُمَّتِي» حفص بن عمر واه بمرة  

The Prophet ﷺ said: Knowledge has three categories; anything else is extra; a precise verse, or an established sunnah (practice), or a firm obligatory duty. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2885)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْعِلْمُ ثَلَاثَةٌ فَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ فَضْلٌ آيَةٌ مُحْكَمَةٌ أَوْ سُنَّةٌ قَائِمَةٌ أَوْ فَرِيضَةٌ عَادِلَةٌ الحديثان ضعيفان  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Learn the Quran and teach it to others, and learn the obligations (acts of worship) and teach them to others. For I am a person who will be taken (by death) and knowledge will be taken away. Trials and tribulations will appear until two people differ in a religious duty and cannot find someone to pass judgment on it."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «تَعَلَّمُوا الْقُرْآنَ وَعَلِّمُوهُ النَّاسَ وَتَعَلَّمُوا الْفَرَائِضَ وَعَلِّمُوهُ النَّاسَ فَإِنِّي امْرُؤٌ مَقْبُوضٌ وَإِنَّ الْعِلْمَ سَيُقْبَضُ وَتَظْهَرُ الْفِتَنُ حَتَّى يَخْتَلِفَ الِاثْنَانِ فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ لَا يَجِدَانِ مِنْ يَقْضِي بِهَا»  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Learn the religious obligations and teach them to the people, for I am like a person who is about to depart, and knowledge will be taken away until there will remain those who do not know the difference between right and wrong. They will not find anyone to clarify it to them."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «تَعَلَّمُوا الْفَرَائِضَ وَعَلِّمُوهُ النَّاسَ فَإِنِّي امْرُؤٌ مَقْبُوضٌ وَإِنَّ الْعِلْمَ سَيُقْبَضُ حَتَّى يَخْتَلِفَ الِاثْنَانِ فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ فَلَا يَجِدَانِ أَحَدًا يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمَا»  

[Machine] Umar ibn Al-Khattab wrote to Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari, "When you indulge in recreational activities, indulge in archery. And when you engage in conversation, talk about religious obligations." And even though it is a narrated statement, it is considered authentic and supported by the statement of the Prophet ﷺ , "Follow the footsteps of those who come after me, Abu Bakr and Umar." This is authentic.  

كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ «إِذَا لَهَوْتُمْ فَالْهَوْا بِالرِّمْيِ وَإِذَا تَحَدَّثْتُمْ فَتَحَدَّثُوا بِالْفَرَائِضِ» هَذَا وَإِنْ كَانَ مَوْقُوفًا فَإِنَّهُ صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَيُؤَيِّدُهُ قَوْلُهُ ﷺ «اقْتَدُوا بِاللَّذَيْنِ مِنْ بَعْدِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ» صحيح  

[Machine] Whoever among you reads the Quran should learn the obligatory acts, for if he meets an Arab, the Arab will say, "O immigrant, do you read the Quran?" And he will say, "Yes." The Arab will then say, "And I read the Quran." The Arab will then ask, "Do you perform the obligatory acts, O immigrant?" If he replies "Yes," the Arab will say, "An increase is better." And if he replies "No," the Arab will say, "Then what has made you superior, O immigrant?"  

مَنْ قَرَأَ مِنْكُمُ الْقُرْآنَ فَلْيَتَعَلَّمِ الْفَرَائِضَ فَإِنْ لَقِيَهُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ قَالَ يَا مُهَاجِرُ أَتَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ؟ فَيَقُولُ نَعَمْ فَيَقُولُ وَأَنَا أَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ فَيَقُولُ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ أَتَفْرِضُ يَا مُهَاجِرُ؟ فَإِنْ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ زِيَادَةُ خَيْرٍ وَإِنْ قَالَ لَا حَسِبْتُهُ قَالَ فَمَا فَضَّلَكَ عَلَيَّ يَا مُهَاجِرُ  

"The wife of Sa'd bin Ar-Rabi came with her two daughters from Sa'd to he Messenger of Allah ﷺand said; O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! these two are daughters of Sa'd bin Ar-Rabi who fought along with you on the day of Uhud and was martyred. Their uncle took their wealth, without leaving any wealth for them, and they will not be married unless they have wealth.' He said: 'Allah will decide on that matter.' The ayah about inheritance was revealed, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent (word) to their Uncle saying: Give the two daughters of Sa'd two thirds, and give their mother one eighth, and whatever remains, then it is for you.' (Using translation from Tirmidhī 2092)   

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَاتَانِ ابْنَتَا سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ قُتِلَ أَبُوهُمَا مَعَكَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ شَهِيدًا وَإِنَّ عَمَّهُمَا أَخَذَ مَالَهُمَا فَلَمْ يَدَعْ لَهُمَا مَالًا فَقَالَ «يَقْضِي اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ» فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى عَمِّهِمَا فَقَالَ «أَعْطِ ابْنَتَيْ سَعْدٍ الثُّلُثَيْنِ وَأُمَّهُمَا الثُّمُنَ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لَكَ»  

[Machine] If a man or a woman dies and leaves behind one daughter, she will inherit half of the wealth. But if there are two daughters or more, they will inherit two-thirds. If there is a male child with them, none of them will have a compulsory share. However, one of them may be given a voluntary share, and they should start with one of them and assign her share. Whatever remains after that will be for the children among them. The male child will have a share equal to that of two females.  

إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ الرَّجُلُ أَوِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَةً وَاحِدَةً كَانَ لَهَا النِّصْفُ فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ فَلَا فَرِيضَةَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَشْرَكْهُنَّ بِفَرِيضَةٍ فَيُعْطَى فَرِيضَتَهُ فَمَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ لِلْوَلَدِ بَيْنَهُمْ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَمَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ كَانَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ  

[Machine] He turned away, O cousin of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and said, "Indeed, we do the same with our elders and scholars."  

لَهُ تَنَحَّ يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «إِنَّا هَكَذَا نَفْعَلُ بِكُبَرَائِنَا وَعُلَمَائِنَا»  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Two people are a group, and anything greater than that is a gathering."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «الِاثْنَانِ فَمَا فَوْقَهُمَا جَمَاعَةٌ»  

“A man came to Abu Musa Al-Ash’ari and Salman bin Rabi’ah Al-Bahili and asked them about (the shares of) a daughter, a son’s daughter, a sister through one’s father and mother. They said: ‘The daughter gets one half, and what is left goes to the sister. Go to Ibn Mas’ud, for he will concur with what we say.’ So the man went to Ibn Mas’ud, and told him what they had said. ‘Abdullah said: ‘I will go astray and will not be guided (if I say that I agree); but I will judge as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ judged. The daughter gets one half, and the son’s daughter gets one- sixth. That makes two thirds. And what is left goes to the sister.’” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2721)   

لَقَدْ ضَلَلْتُ إِذًا وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِينَ وَلَكِنِّي أَقْضِي بِمَا قَضَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ وَلِابْنَةِ الِابْنِ السُّدُسُ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأُخْتِ  

[Machine] "The inheritance of siblings from the father and mother is that they do not inherit anything with the male child, nor with the son's child, nor with the father."  

«مِيرَاثُ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذِّكْرِ وَلَا مَعَ وَلَدِ الِابْنِ وَلَا مَعَ الْأَبِ شَيْئًا»  

[Machine] "Allah the Almighty says, 'If he has brothers, then his mother shall have one-sixth.' [Quran 4:11] 'So, the brothers within your people are not true brothers.' Uthman ibn Affan said, 'I cannot undo what has happened before me and people have inherited it in various regions.'"  

اللَّهُ ﷻ {فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ} [النساء 11] «فَالْأَخَوَانِ بِلِسَانِ قَوْمِكَ لَيْسَا بِإِخْوَةٍ» فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ أَرُدَّ مَا كَانَ قَبْلِي وَمَضَى فِي الْأَمْصَارِ تَوَارَثَ بِهِ النَّاسُ  

[Machine] He used to say, "Brotherhood in Arabic is brothers forever".  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ «الْإِخْوَةُ فِي كَلَامِ الْعَرَبِ أَخَوَانِ فَصَاعِدًا»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The most knowledgeable among my Ummah (nation) is Zaid bin Thabit."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَفْرَضُ أُمَّتِي زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ»  

[Machine] Ummar was given a girl and two parents, so he allotted a quarter to the woman, a third to the mother, and what remained to the father.  

أُتِيَ عُمَرُ فِي امْرَأَةٍ وَأَبَوَيْنِ فَجَعَلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعَ وَلِلْأُمِّ ثُلُثَ مَا بَقِيَ وَلِلْأَبِ مَا بَقِيَ  

[Machine] "Allah, the exalted, would never choose me as a better one over my grandfather."  

«مَا كَانَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِيَرَانِي أُفَضِّلُ أُمًّا عَلَى جَدٍّ»  

[Machine] "He who has no offspring."  

«مَنْ لَا وَلَدَ لَهُ»  

[Machine] "O Messenger of Allah, what is al-kalalah?" He replied, "Have you not heard the verse that was revealed regarding this matter in the summer? {They ask you about al-kalalah. Say, "Allah instructs you about them."} [Quran 4:176] Al-kalalah refers to someone who does not leave behind a child or a parent."  

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الْكَلَالَةُ؟ قَالَ أَمَا سَمِعْتَ الْآيَةَ الَّتِي نَزَلَتْ فِي الصَّيْفِ {يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ} [النساء 176] وَالْكَلَالَةُ مَنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَلَدًا وَلَا وَالِدًا  

[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has commanded to settle debts before making a will, and you are reading it (the verse) after making a will or settling a debt" (Quran: Surah An-Nisa, 12). And it is known that the relatives of the mother inherit separate from the relatives of the father, and the siblings from the mother have a closer relationship than the siblings from the father."  

«قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ» وَأَنْتُمْ تَقْرَأُونَهَا {مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ} [النساء 12] وَأَنَّ أَعْيَانَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ يَتَوَارَثُونَ دُونَ بَنِي الْعَلَّاتِ وَالْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَقْرَبُ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ  

[Machine] "The inheritance of brothers, if there is no one from the children of the mother and the father, is like the inheritance of brothers from the father and the mother. Their males are treated like their males, and their females like their females. If the brothers from the father and the mother are joined together and there is a male among the children of the father and the mother, then there is no inheritance with him for any of the brothers from the father." Al-Dhahabi remained silent about summarizing it.  

«مِيرَاثُ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِّ كَمِيرَاثِ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ سَوَاءٌ ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ وَإِنَاثُهُمْ كَإِنَاثِهِمْ وَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَالْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَكَانَ فِي بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ ذَكَرٌ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ» سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

[Machine] That their father was a donkey, and the only thing that the father added to them was closeness, and he partnered with them in thirds.  

أَنَّ أَبَاهُمْ كَانَ حِمَارًا مَا زَادَهُمُ الْأَبُ إِلَّا قُرْبًا وَأُشْرِكَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي الثُّلُثِ»  

[Machine] "Regarding Umar, Ali, Abdullah, and Zaid, who are siblings from the same mother and father, and siblings from the same mother, it is said that the brothers from the same mother and father share one-third of the inheritance. This is because they claim to be offspring of the mother alone, and the father's presence only establishes a relationship of closeness. So, they are partners in one-third of the inheritance."  

عَنْ عُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَزَيْدٍ فِي أُمٍّ وَزَوْجٍ وَإِخْوَةٍ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَإِخْوَةٍ لِأُمٍّ «أَنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ شُرَكَاءُ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فِي ثُلُثِهِمْ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا هُمْ بَنُو أُمٍّ كُلُّهُمْ وَلَمْ يَزِدْهُمُ الْأَبُ إِلَّا قُرْبًا فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ»  

[Machine] "Something that you will not find in the Book of Allah or in the teachings of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, but you will find it among people as a whole, is half the inheritance for the daughter and half for the sister."  

«شَيْءٌ لَا تَجِدُونَهُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَلَا فِي قَضَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتَجِدُونَهُ فِي النَّاسِ كُلِّهِمْ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ وَلِلْأُخْتِ النِّصْفُ»  

[Machine] "So you are my messenger to Al-Walid ibn Utabah, and he was the judge of Al-Kufa. Therefore, remind him and let him take action accordingly."  

فَأَنْتَ رَسُولِي إِلَى الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ وَكَانَ قَاضِيَهُ عَلَى الْكُوفَةِ فَمُرْهُ فَلْيَأْخُذْ بِذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Allocate the money to its rightful beneficiaries, and whatever remains should go to the next rightful male individual."  

لِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «أَلْحِقُوا الْمَالَ بِالْفَرَائِضِ فَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ»  

[Machine] Yazeed bin Haroon narrated that Sufyan Al-Thawri informed: "  

ثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أَنْبَأَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ «  

[Machine] Yahya ibn Yahya narrated that Sufyan ibn Uyaynah informed: "  

ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أَنْبَأَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ «  

[Machine] About Ibn Jurayj,  

عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ «  

[Machine] "And as for the saying of Ma'mar, rather they all agree on its weakness, meaning concerning Ali ibn Asim."  

وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مَعْمَرٍ» بل أجمعوا على ضعفه يعني علي بن عاصم  

[Machine] Al-Qa'nabi narrated that Sufyan reported from Al-Zuhri, who reported from Qabisa ibn Dhu'ayb, who said: "The grandmother of Abu Bakr came to him after the messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had passed away. She said, 'I have a right. My son's son or daughter's son has died.' He replied, 'I do not know of any right from you in the Book of Allah, nor have I heard anything from the messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, regarding it. I will ask the people.' So, he asked them and Al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba testified, 'The messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, gave her one-sixth.' Abu Bakr asked, 'Who heard that with you?' Muhammad ibn Muslima testified, and Abu Bakr gave her one-sixth."  

ثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ ثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ قَالَ جَاءَتِ الْجَدَّةُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ لِي حَقًّا إِنَّ ابْنَ ابْنٍ أَوِ ابْنَ ابْنَةٍ لِي مَاتَ قَالَ مَا عَلِمْتُ لَكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ حَقًّا وَلَا سَمِعْتُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيهِ شَيْئًا وَسَأَسْأَلُ النَّاسَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ فَشَهِدَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطَاهَا السُّدُسَ» قَالَ مَنْ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مَعَكَ؟ فَشَهِدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ فَأَعْطَاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ السُّدُسَ  

[Machine] Isaac narrated that Abdur-Razzaq narrated from Ma'mar who narrated from Az-Zuhri who narrated from Abu Salamah who said: Ibn Abbas reported that a man came and said, "A man died, leaving behind his daughter, sister, father, and mother. He said, 'The daughter should receive half and the sister should receive nothing.'" The man said, "But Umar ruled otherwise and gave half to the daughter and half to the sister." Ibn Abbas said, "Do you know better than Allah?" I did not understand the reasoning behind this until I met Ibn Tawus and mentioned the narration of Az-Zuhri to him. He said, "My father informed me that he heard Ibn Abbas saying that Allah Almighty said, 'If a man dies leaving no child but has a sister, then she shall have half of what he left.' (Quran 4:176)" Ibn Abbas said, "Therefore, you should give her half even if he had children."  

ثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَنْبَأَ مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ قَالَ جَاءَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ تُوُفِّيَ وَتَرَكَ بِنْتَهُ وَأُخْتَهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ فَقَالَ «لِابْنَتِهِ النِّصْفُ وَلَيْسَ لِأُخْتِهِ شَيْءٌ» قَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَإِنَّ عُمَرَ قَضَى بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ جَعَلَ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفَ وَلِلْأُخْتِ النِّصْفَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ «أَنْتُمْ أَعْلَمُ أَمِ اللَّهُ؟» فَلَمْ أَدْرِ مَا وَجْهُ هَذَا حَتَّى لَقِيتُ ابْنَ طَاوُسٍ فَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ حَدِيثَ الزُّهْرِيِّ فَقَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷻ {إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ} [النساء 176] قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ «فَقُلْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ لَهَا النِّصْفُ وَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ»  

[Machine] About the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ? I said, what do you have? I said, he gave him one-sixth. He said, with whom? I said, I do not know. He said, you don't know.  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ قُلْتُ عِنْدِي قَالَ مَا عِنْدَكَ؟ قُلْتُ «أَعْطَاهُ السُّدُسَ» قَالَ «مَعَ مَنْ؟» قُلْتُ لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ «لَا دَرَيْتَ»  

[Machine] That Abu Bakr made him a father, meaning his grandfather.  

«أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ جَعَلَهُ أَبًا» يَعْنِي الْجَدَّ  

[Machine] "Indeed, brothers have more right to inheritance than grandfathers. At that time, Umar believed that the grandfather had more right to inherit his son's inheritance than his brothers." Zaid said, "So I debated with Umar and gave examples to support Umar's argument, and Ali ibn Abi Talib and Abdullah ibn Abbas also gave examples to support Umar's argument. They both compared the situation to a flood that strikes and flows according to Zaid's analogy."  

أَنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ أَوْلَى بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنَ الْجَدِّ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَرَى يَوْمَئِذٍ أَنَّ الْجَدَّ أَوْلَى بِمِيرَاثِ ابْنِ أَبِيهِ مِنْ إِخْوَتِهِ» قَالَ زَيْدٌ «فَحَاوَرْتُ أَنَا عُمَرَ فَضَرَبْتُ لِعُمَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَثَلًا وَضَرَبَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لِعُمَرَ مَثَلًا يَوْمَئِذٍ السَّيْلَ يَضْرِبَانِهِ وَيَصْرِفَانِهِ عَلَى نَحْوِ تَصْرِيفِ زَيْدٍ»  

[Machine] He said, "I have been stabbed." He continued, "Indeed, I have seen in Al-Jadd (a city) a vision. So, if you see fit to follow it, then Osman said, 'If we follow your opinion, it is a righteous one. And if we follow the opinion of the sheikh before you, then he was indeed a well-guided one.'"  

طُعِنَ قَالَ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ فِي الْجَدِّ رَأَيًا فَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمْ أَنْ تَتَّبِعُوهُ فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ «إِنْ نَتَّبِعْ رَأْيَكَ فَهُوَ رَشَدٌ وَإِنْ نَتَّبِعْ رَأْيَ الشَّيْخِ قَبْلَكَ فَنِعْمَ ذُو الرَّأْيِ كَانَ»  

[Machine] Indeed, the distribution of the Prophet's inheritance ﷺ gives both grandmothers an equal share of one-sixth each.  

«إِنَّ مِنْ قَضَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْجَدَّتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ السُّدُسَ بَيْنَهُمَا بِالسَّوِيَّةِ»  

[Machine] He said, "The first person who fulfills his duties is 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and by Allah, had the one who came first been followed by the one who came after, no duty would have been neglected." So they asked, "Who came first and who came after, O Messenger of Allah?" He replied, "Every duty that Allah Almighty has obligated is not surpassed by another duty except by another duty. This is what Allah Almighty has put as priority. And every duty, when it deviates from its prescribed time, it will only have what remains. So that is what Allah Almighty has postponed, like the husband and wife, the mother and her child. And the one who came first is like the sisters and daughters. So when the one who came first meets with the one who came later, the one who came first is given his full right. If anything remains, it will be for the one who came later. And if nothing remains, then there is nothing for him."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ «أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَعَالَ الْفَرَائِضَ عُمَرُ وَايْمُ اللَّهِ لَوْ قَدَّمَ مَنْ قَدَّمَ اللَّهُ وَأَخَّرَ مَنْ أَخَّرَ اللَّهُ مَا عَالَتْ فَرِيضَةٌ» فَقِيلَ لَهُ وَأَيُّهَا قَدَّمَ اللَّهُ وَأَيُّهَا أَخَّرَ؟ فَقَالَ «كُلُّ فَرِيضَةٍ لَمْ يُهْبِطْهَا اللَّهُ ﷻ عَنْ فَرِيضَةٍ إِلَّا إِلَى فَرِيضَةٍ فَهَذَا مَا قَدَّمَ اللَّهُ ﷻ وَكُلُّ فَرِيضَةٍ إِذَا زَالَتْ عَنْ فَرْضِهَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا إِلَّا مَا بَقِيَ فَتِلْكَ الَّتِي أَخَّرَ اللَّهُ ﷻ كَالزَّوْجِ وَالزَّوْجَةِ وَالْأُمِّ وَالَّذِي أَخَّرَ كَالْأَخَوَاتِ وَالْبَنَاتِ فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ مَنْ قَدَّمَ اللَّهُ ﷻ وَمَنْ أَخَّرَ بُدِئَ بِمَنْ قَدَّمَ فَأُعْطِيَ حَقَّهُ كَامِلًا فَإِنْ بَقِيَ شَيْءٌ كَانَ لِمَنْ أَخَّرَ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَبْقَ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُ»  

The Prophet ﷺ said: A woman gets inheritance from the three following: one she has set free, a foundling, and her child about whom she has invoked a curse on herself if she was untrue in declaring he was not born out of wedlock. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2906)   

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ تَحُوزُ الْمَرْأَةُ ثَلَاثَةَ مَوَارِيثَ عَتِيقِهَا وَلَقِيطِهَا وَالْوَلَدِ الَّذِي لَاعَنَتْ عَلَيْهِ  

[Machine] In the inheritance of the cursed son, "his entire inheritance is for his mother."  

فِي مِيرَاثِ ابْنِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ «مِيرَاثُهُ كُلُّهُ لِأُمِّهِ»  

[Machine] "That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said about the child of the accursed: 'His lineage belongs to his mother.' Al-Dhahabi remained silent about it in his summary."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فِي وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ «عَصَبَتُهُ أُمُّهُ» سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

[Machine] "He delegated the dispute regarding the cursed ones' children to Ali ibn Abi Talib, so he gave his mother her inheritance and made her his family."  

«اخْتُصِمَ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ فَأَعْطَى مِيرَاثَهُ أُمَّهُ وَجَعَلَهَا عَصَبَتَهُ»  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said: "Alliance is like a piece of meat, it is not bought or gifted."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ لَا تُبَاعُ وَلَا تُوهَبُ»  

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, he said: "Loyalty is a bond of kinship that cannot be sold or gifted." Al-Dhahabi remained silent about it in his summary.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ مِنَ النَّسَبِ لَا تُبَاعُ وَلَا تُوهَبُ» سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

The Prophet ﷺ said: There is no prostitution in Islam. If anyone practised prostitution in pre-Islamic times, the child will be attributed to the master (of the slave-woman). He who claims his child without a valid marriage or ownership will neither inherit nor be inherited. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2264)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «لَا مُسَاعَاةَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَنْ سَاعَى فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَدْ أَلْحَقَهُ بِعَصَبَتِهِ وَمَنِ ادَّعَى وَلَدًا مِنْ غَيْرِ رِشْدَةٍ لَمْ يَرِثْ وَلَمْ يُورَثْ»  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ said: 'Whoever claims to have a child from a slave woman or from a free woman whom he does not possess, or claims to have a child from a woman who is a prostitute, then he will not have any connection with that child, nor will he inherit from him. And he is a child of adultery for the family of his mother, whoever they may be.'"  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنِ ادَّعَى وَلَدًا مِنْ أَمَةٍ لَا يَمْلِكُهَا أَوْ مِنْ حُرَّةٍ عَاهَرَ بِهَا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَا يَرِثُ وَهُوَ وَلَدُ زِنًا لِأَهْلِ أُمِّهِ مَنْ كَانُوا»  

[Machine] The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said, "Indeed, the helpers (Ansaar) inherit from the descendants of Al-Ummiyyeen, excluding the descendants of Al-Ahlatis." Al-Dhahabi remained silent about it in his summary.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «إِنَّ أَعْيَانَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ يَتَوَارَثُونَ دُونَ بَنِي الْعَلَّاتِ» سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

"The wife of Sa'd bin Ar-Rabi came with her two daughters from Sa'd to he Messenger of Allah ﷺand said; O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! these two are daughters of Sa'd bin Ar-Rabi who fought along with you on the day of Uhud and was martyred. Their uncle took their wealth, without leaving any wealth for them, and they will not be married unless they have wealth.' He said: 'Allah will decide on that matter.' The ayah about inheritance was revealed, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent (word) to their Uncle saying: Give the two daughters of Sa'd two thirds, and give their mother one eighth, and whatever remains, then it is for you.' (Using translation from Tirmidhī 2092)   

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَاتَانِ ابْنَتَا سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ قُتِلَ أَبُوهُمَا مَعَكَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ شَهِيدًا وَإِنَّ عَمَّهُمَا أَخَذَ مَالَهُمَا فَلَمْ يَدَعْ لَهُمَا مَالًا فَقَالَ «يَقْضِي اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ» قَالَ فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى عَمِّهِمَا فَقَالَ «أَعْطِ ابْنَتَيْ سَعْدٍ الثُّلُثَيْنِ وَأُمَّهُمَا الثُّمُنَ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَهُوَ لَكَ»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ approached a donkey, and a man met him and said, "O Messenger of Allah, a man left behind his paternal aunt and maternal aunt, and there is no heir for him except them." He (the Prophet) raised his head towards the sky and said, "O Allah, a man left behind his paternal aunt and maternal aunt, and there is no heir for him except them." Then he said, "Where is the questioner?" He said, "Here I am." He (the Prophet) said, "There is no inheritance for them (the paternal aunt and maternal aunt)."  

أَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى حِمَارٍ فَلَقِيَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ عَمَّتَهُ وَخَالَتَهُ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ غَيْرُهُمَا قَالَ فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَقَالَ «اللَّهُمَّ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ عَمَّتَهُ وَخَالَتَهُ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ غَيْرُهُمَا» ثُمَّ قَالَ «أَيْنَ السَّائِلُ؟» قَالَ هَا أَنَا ذَا قَالَ «لَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُمَا»  

[Machine] He informed him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked about the inheritance of the paternal aunt and the maternal aunt, so he remained silent. Then Jibril ﷺ descended upon him and said, "Jibril informed me that they have no inheritance."  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْ مِيرَاثِ الْعَمَّةِ وَالْخَالَةِ فَسَكَتَ فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَقَالَ «حَدَّثَنِي جِبْرِيلُ أَنَّ لَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُمَا»