2. Ṣalāh (Ritual Prayer)
٢۔ كتاب الصلاة
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to us while we were reciting the Qur'an, and there were among us bedouins and the non-Arabs. He said: Recite, all is well. In the near future there will appear people who will straighten it (the Qur'an) as an arrow is straightened. They will recite it quickly and not slowly (or it means that they will get the reward in this world and not in the Hereafter).
خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَنَحْنُ نَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ وَفِينَا الأَعْرَابِيُّ وَالأَعْجَمِيُّ فَقَالَ اقْرَءُوا فَكُلٌّ حَسَنٌ وَسَيَجِيءُ أَقْوَامٌ يُقِيمُونَهُ كَمَا يُقَامُ الْقِدْحُ يَتَعَجَّلُونَهُ وَلاَ يَتَأَجَّلُونَهُ
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ one day came out to us while we were reciting the Qur’an. He said: Praise be to Allah. The Book of Allah is one, and among you are the red, and among you are the white and among you are the black. Recite it before there appear people who will recite it and straighten it as an arrow is straightened. They will get their reward for it in this world and will not get it in the Hereafter.
خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا وَنَحْنُ نَقْتَرِئُ فَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ وَاحِدٌ وَفِيكُمُ الأَحْمَرُ وَفِيكُمُ الأَبْيَضُ وَفِيكُمُ الأَسْوَدُ اقْرَءُوهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْرَأَهُ أَقْوَامٌ يُقِيمُونَهُ كَمَا يُقَوَّمُ السَّهْمُ يَتَعَجَّلُ أَجْرَهُ وَلاَ يَتَأَجَّلُهُ
What to say if you cannot recite the Quran
A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: I am not able to take anything from the Quran, so teach me something from it that will suffice me. He said: "Say:
subḥāna allāh, wal-ḥamdu li-llāh, wa-lā ilāha illā allāh, wa-allāhu akbar, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata illā bi-llāhi al-ʿaliyyi al-ʿaẓīm
(Glory be to Allah, praise be to Allah, there is no god but Allah, Allah is greatest, and there is no power and no strength except with Allah.)"
He said: O Messenger of Allah, this is for Allah ﷻ, so what is for me? He said: "Say:
allāuhumma irḥamnī wa-urzuqnī wa-ʿāfinī wa-ihdinī
(O Allah, have mercy on me, provide for me, grant me well-being, and guide me.)"
When he stood up, he gestured with his hand, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "As for this man, he has filled his hand with goodness."
جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لاَ أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ آخُذَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ شَيْئًا، فَعَلِّمْنِي مَا يُجْزِئُنِي مِنْهُ. قَالَ: «قُلْ:
سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَلاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلاَ حَوْلَ وَلاَ قُوَّةَ إِلاَّ بِاللَّهِ».
قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذَا لِلَّهِ ﷻ، فَمَا لِي؟ قَالَ: «قُلِ:
اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْنِي وَارْزُقْنِي وَعَافِنِي وَاهْدِنِي».
فَلَمَّا قَامَ، قَالَ هَكَذَا بِيَدِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَمَّا هَذَا فَقَدْ مَلأَ يَدَهُ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ».
we used to offer supererogatory prayers and recite supplications while we were standing, and would glorify Allah while bowing and prostrating.
كُنَّا نُصَلِّي التَّطَوُّعَ نَدْعُو قِيَامًا وَقُعُودًا وَنُسَبِّحُ رُكُوعًا وَسُجُودًا
Al-Hasan (al-Basri) would recite fatihat al-kitab in the noon and afternoon prayers while he led in prayer or he was behind the imam and would glorify Allah, and would repeatedly say: “Allah is most great” and “ There is no god but Allah” (i.e takbir and tahlil) equal to the amount one recites al-Qaf (Surah 50) and al-Dhariyat(surah 51).
كَانَ الْحَسَنُ يَقْرَأُ فِي الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ إِمَامًا أَوْ خَلْفَ إِمَامٍ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ وَيُسَبِّحُ وَيُكَبِّرُ وَيُهَلِّلُ قَدْرَ ق وَالذَّارِيَاتِ