75. Sūrat al-Qiyāmah

٧٥۔ سُورَةُ القِيامَة

The Resurrection (Meccan)

quran:75:1In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

I swear by the Day of Resurrection  

Nay! (the lā is extra in both instances) I swear by the Day of Resurrection.
القرآن:٧٥:١بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

لَا أُقْسِمُ بِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ  

{لا} زائدة في الموضعين {أقسم بيوم القيامة}.
quran:75:2

And I swear by the reproaching soul ˹to the certainty of resurrection˺.  

And, nay, I swear by the (self-)reproaching soul, the one that reproaches itself, even if it should expend great effort in being virtuous (the response to the oath has been omitted, that is to say, la-tub‘athunna, ‘you shall indeed be resurrected!’, as indicated by ˹what follows˺):
القرآن:٧٥:٢

وَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِالنَّفْسِ اللَّوَّامَةِ  

{ولا أقسم بالنفس اللوامة} التي تلوم نفسها وإن اجتهدت في الإحسان وجواب القسم محذوف، أي لتبعثن، دل عليه:
quran:75:3

Does man think that We will not assemble his bones?  

Does man, that is, ˹does˺ the disbeliever, suppose that We shall not assemble his bones?, for the raising ˹from the graves˺ and ˹for˺ the bringing back to life.
القرآن:٧٥:٣

أَيَحْسَبُ الْإِنْسَانُ أَلَّنْ نَجْمَعَ عِظَامَهُ  

{أيحسب الإنسان} أي الكافر {ألن نجمع عظامه} للبعث والإحياء.
quran:75:4

Yes. ˹We are˺ Able ˹even˺ to proportion his fingertips.  

Yes, indeed!, We shall assemble them. We are able, in addition to assembling them, to reshape ˹even˺ his fingers, that is to say, to restore their bones just as they had been, despite their smallness: so how much more so ˹are We able to restore˺ the larger ones!
القرآن:٧٥:٤

بَلَىٰ قَادِرِينَ عَلَىٰ أَنْ نُسَوِّيَ بَنَانَهُ  

{بلى} نجمعها {قادرين} مع جمعها {على أن نسوِّي بنانه} وهو الأصابع، أي نعيد عظامها كما كانت مع صغرها فكيف بالكبيرة.
quran:75:5

But man desires to continue in sin.  

Nay, but man desires to deny (li-yafjura: the lām is extra, and the subjunctive mood is because of an implied ˹preceding˺ an, ‘that’) what lies ahead of him, namely, the Day of Resurrection, as is indicated by:
القرآن:٧٥:٥

بَلْ يُرِيدُ الْإِنْسَانُ لِيَفْجُرَ أَمَامَهُ  

{بل يريد الإنسان ليفجر} اللام زائدة ونصبه بأن مقدرة، أي أن يكذب {أمامه} أي يوم القيامة، دل عليه.
quran:75:6

He asks, "When is the Day of Resurrection?"  

He asks, ‘When is the Day of Resurrection?’ — the question is meant in mockery and denial.
القرآن:٧٥:٦

يَسْأَلُ أَيَّانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ  

{يَسأَل أَيان} متى {يوم القيامة} سؤال استهزاء وتكذيب.
quran:75:7

So when vision is dazzled  

But when the eyes are dazzled (read bariqa or baraqa), startled and perplexed upon seeing some of those things which it used to deny;
القرآن:٧٥:٧

فَإِذَا بَرِقَ الْبَصَرُ  

{فإذا برق البصر} بكسر الراء وفتحها دهش وتحير لما رأى مما كان يكذبه.
quran:75:8

And the moon darkens  

and the moon is eclipsed, darkening, its light disappearing,
القرآن:٧٥:٨

وَخَسَفَ الْقَمَرُ  

{وخسف القمر} أظلم وذهب ضوءه.
quran:75:9

And the sun and the moon are joined,  

and the sun and the moon are brought together, so that both of them will rise from the west; or ˹it means when˺ the light of both of them disappears — and this will be on the Day of Resurrection —
القرآن:٧٥:٩

وَجُمِعَ الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ  

{وجمع الشمس والقمر} فطلعا من المغرب أو ذهب ضوءهما وذلك في يوم القيامة.
quran:75:10

Man will say on that Day, "Where is the ˹place of˺ escape?"  

on that day man will say, ‘Where is the escape?’
القرآن:٧٥:١٠

يَقُولُالْإِنْسَانُ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَيْنَ الْمَفَرُّ  

{يقول الإنسان يومئذ أين المفر} الفرار.
quran:75:11

No! There is no refuge.  

No indeed! — a deterrent against seeking to escape — There is no refuge, no shelter to seek protection in.
القرآن:٧٥:١١

كَلَّا لَا وَزَرَ  

{كلا} ردع عن طلب الفرار {لا وزر} لا ملجأ يتحصن به.
quran:75:12

To your Lord, that Day, is the ˹place of˺ permanence.  

On that day the recourse will be to your Lord, the ˹final˺ recourse of all creatures, whereupon they will be reckoned with and requited.
القرآن:٧٥:١٢

إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْمُسْتَقَرُّ  

{إلى ربك يومئذ المستقر} مستقر الخلائق فيحاسبون ويجازون.
quran:75:13

Man will be informed that Day of what he sent ahead and kept back.  

On that day man will be informed of what he has sent ahead and left behind, ˹he will be informed˺ of the his first and last deeds.
القرآن:٧٥:١٣

يُنَبَّأُ الْإِنْسَانُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِمَا قَدَّمَ وَأَخَّرَ  

{ينبأ الإنسان يومئذ بما قدم وأخر} بأول عمله وآخره.
quran:75:14

Rather, man, against himself, will be a witness,  

Rather man has insight into his ˹own˺ soul, for his limbs will speak of his deeds (the hā’ ˹sc. the tā’ marbūta in basīratun˺ is for hyperbole), and so he must be requited,
القرآن:٧٥:١٤

بَلِ الْإِنْسَانُ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ  

{بل الإنسان على نفسه بصيرة} شاهد تنطق جوارحه بعمله والهاء للمبالغة فلا بد من جزائه.
quran:75:15

Even if he presents his excuses.  

though he should offer his excuses (ma‘ādhīr is the plural of ma‘dhira, but following a different pattern ˹from the usual ma‘dhira, ma‘ādhir˺) that is to say, whatever excuse he offers will not be accepted from him.
القرآن:٧٥:١٥

وَلَوْ أَلْقَىٰ مَعَاذِيرَهُ  

{ولو ألقى معاذيره} جمع معذرة على غير قياس، أي لو جاء بكل معذرة ما قُبلت منه.
quran:75:16

Move not your tongue with it, ˹O Muhammad˺, to hasten with recitation of the Qur'an.  

God, exalted be He, says to His Prophet: Do not move your tongue with it, with the Qur’ān, before Gabriel is through with ˹reciting˺ it, to hasten it, fearing to lose it.
القرآن:٧٥:١٦

لَا تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ  

قال تعالى لنبيه: {لا تحرك به} بالقرآن قبل فراغ جبريل منه {لسانك لتعجل به} خوف أن ينفلت منك.
quran:75:17

Indeed, upon Us is its collection ˹in your heart˺ and ˹to make possible˺ its recitation.  

Assuredly it is for Us to bring it together, in your breast, and to recite it, your reciting of it, that is, its flowing off your tongue.
القرآن:٧٥:١٧

إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْآنَهُ  

{إن علينا جمعه} في صدرك {وقرآنه} قراءتك إياه أي جريانه على لسانك.
quran:75:18

So when We have recited it ˹through Gabriel˺, then follow its recitation.  

So, when We recite it, to you, by means of Gabriel’s recital, follow its recitation, listen to its recitation: thus the Prophet (s) would listen to it and then repeat it.
القرآن:٧٥:١٨

فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْآنَهُ  

{فإذا قرأناه} عليك بقراءة جبريل {فاتبع قرآنه} استمع قراءته فكان ﷺ يستمع ثم يقرؤه.
quran:75:19

Then upon Us is its clarification ˹to you˺.  

Then, it is for Us to explain it, by making you comprehend ˹it˺: the connection between this verse and what preceded ˹it˺ is that those ˹verses before˺ imply turning away from God’s signs, whereas this one implies applying oneself to them by memorising them.
القرآن:٧٥:١٩

ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا بَيَانَهُ  

{ثم إن علينا بيانه} بالتفهيم لك، والمناسبة بين هذه الآية وما قبلها أن تلك تضمنت الإعراض عن آيات الله وهذه تضمنت المبادرة إليها بحفظها.
quran:75:20

No! But you love the immediate  

No indeed! (kallā is for commencement, with the sense of alā) Rather you love the transitory ˹life˺, this world (both verbs ˹here and below˺ may be read in the second or third person plural),
القرآن:٧٥:٢٠

كَلَّا بَلْ تُحِبُّونَ الْعَاجِلَةَ  

{كلا} استفتاح بمعنى ألا {بل يحبون العاجلة} الدنيا بالياء والتاء في الفعلين.
quran:75:21

And leave the Hereafter.  

and forsake the Hereafter, thus neglecting to work towards ˹attaining bliss in˺ it.
القرآن:٧٥:٢١

وَتَذَرُونَ الْآخِرَةَ  

{ويذرون الآخرة} فلا يعملون لها.
quran:75:22

˹Some˺ faces, that Day, will be radiant,  

Some faces on that day, that is, on the Day of Resurrection, will be radiant, fair and resplendent,
القرآن:٧٥:٢٢

وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ نَاضِرَةٌ  

{وجوه يومئذ} أي في يوم القيامة {ناضرة} حسنة مضيئة.
quran:75:23

Looking at their Lord.  

looking upon their Lord, in other words, they will see God, glorified and exalted be He, in the Hereafter.
القرآن:٧٥:٢٣

إِلَىٰ رَبِّهَا نَاظِرَةٌ  

{إلى ربها ناظرة} أي يرون الله سبحانه وتعالى في الآخرة.
quran:75:24

And ˹some˺ faces, that Day, will be contorted,  

And other faces on that day will be scowling, glowering, frowning terribly,
القرآن:٧٥:٢٤

وَوُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَاسِرَةٌ  

{ووجوه يومئذ باسرة} كالحة شديدة العبوس.
quran:75:25

Expecting that there will be done to them ˹something˺ backbreaking.  

certain that a spine-crushing calamity will fall on them, a great catastrophe, one that ‘crushes the spine’ (fiqār).
القرآن:٧٥:٢٥

تَظُنُّ أَنْ يُفْعَلَ بِهَا فَاقِرَةٌ  

{تظن} توقن {أن يُفعل بها فاقرة} داهية عظيمة تكسر فقار الظهر.
quran:75:26

No! When the soul has reached the collar bones  

No indeed! (kallā: in the sense of alā) When it, the soul, reaches up to the collar bones,
القرآن:٧٥:٢٦

كَلَّا إِذَا بَلَغَتِ التَّرَاقِيَ  

{كلا} بمعنى ألا {إذا بلغت} النفس {التراقي} عظام الحلق.
quran:75:27

And it is said, "Who will cure ˹him˺?"  

and it is said, ˹and˺ those around him ˹the dying one˺ say: ‘Where is the enchanter?’, to perform incantations on him and cure him,
القرآن:٧٥:٢٧

وَقِيلَ مَنْ ۜ رَاقٍ  

{وقيل} قال من حوله {من راق} يرقيه ليشفى.
quran:75:28

And the dying one is certain that it is the ˹time of˺ separation  

and he suspects, ˹he˺ the one whose soul has reached this ˹stage˺, that it is the ˹time of˺ parting, the parting with this world,
القرآن:٧٥:٢٨

وَظَنَّ أَنَّهُ الْفِرَاقُ  

{وظن} أيقن من بلغت نفسه ذلك {أنه الفراق} فراق الدنيا.
quran:75:29

And the leg is wound about the leg,  

and the shank is intertwined with the ˹other˺ shank, that is, one of his shanks ˹will be intertwined˺ with his other shank at the moment of death; or ˹it means˺ the distress of parting with this world is intertwined with the distress of the arrival of the Hereafter;
القرآن:٧٥:٢٩

وَالْتَفَّتِ السَّاقُ بِالسَّاقِ  

{والتفَّت الساق بالساق} أي إحدى ساقيه بالأخرى عند الموت، أو التفت شدة فراق الدنيا بشدة إقبال الآخرة.
quran:75:30

To your Lord, that Day, will be the procession.  

on that day to your Lord will be the driving ˹of the souls˺ (al-masāq means al-sawq; this indicates the operator of the ˹above˺ idhā, ‘when’, the meaning being: ‘when the soul reaches the throat, it will be driven towards the judgement of its Lord’).
القرآن:٧٥:٣٠

إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْمَسَاقُ  

{إلى ربك يومئذ المساق} أي السوق وهذا يدل على العامل في إذا، والمعنى إذا بلغت النفس الحلقوم تساق إلى حكم ربها.
quran:75:31

And the disbeliever had not believed, nor had he prayed.  

For he, man, neither affirmed ˹the truth˺ nor prayed,
القرآن:٧٥:٣١

فَلَا صَدَّقَ وَلَا صَلَّىٰ  

{فلا صدق} الإنسان {ولا صلى} أي لم يصدق ولم يصلِّ.
quran:75:32

But ˹instead˺, he denied and turned away.  

but he denied, the Qur’ān, and he turned away, from faith,
القرآن:٧٥:٣٢

وَلَٰكِنْ كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ  

{ولكن كذب} بالقرآن {وتولى} عن الإيمان.
quran:75:33

And then he went to his people, swaggering ˹in pride˺.  

then went off to his family swaggering, strutting about in self-conceit.
القرآن:٧٥:٣٣

ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ يَتَمَطَّىٰ  

{ثم ذهب إلى أهله يتمطى} يتبختر في مشيته إعجابا.
quran:75:34

Woe to you, and woe!  

˹Woe be˺ nearer to you (there is a shift from the third ˹to the second˺ person address here; the term ˹awlā˺ is a noun of action, with the ˹following˺ lām being explicative, in other words, ‘what you are averse to is ˹now˺ near to you’) and nearer, that is because you are more deserving of it ˹woe˺ than anyone else,
القرآن:٧٥:٣٤

أَوْلَىٰ لَكَ فَأَوْلَىٰ  

{أوْلى لك} فيه التفات عن الغيبة والكلمة اسم فعل واللام للتبيين، أي وليك ما تكره {فأوْلى} أي فهو أولى بك من غيرك.
quran:75:35

Then woe to you, and woe!  

then ˹may woe be˺ nearer to you and nearer! — ˹repeated˺ for emphasis.
القرآن:٧٥:٣٥

ثُمَّ أَوْلَىٰ لَكَ فَأَوْلَىٰ  

{ثم أوْلى لك فأوْلى} تأكيد.
quran:75:36

Does man think that he will be left neglected?  

Does man suppose that he is to be left aimless?, left to his own devices without being obligated to the ˹prescribed˺ laws: let him not suppose that!
القرآن:٧٥:٣٦

أَيَحْسَبُ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنْ يُتْرَكَ سُدًى  

{أيحسب} يظن {الإنسان أن يُترك سدى} هملا لا يكلف بالشرائع لا يحسب ذلك.
quran:75:37

Had he not been a sperm from semen emitted?  

Was he not — that is, ˹indeed˺ he was — a drop of emitted semen? (read yumnā or tumnā) deposited into the womb.
القرآن:٧٥:٣٧

أَلَمْ يَكُ نُطْفَةً مِنْ مَنِيٍّ يُمْنَىٰ  

{ألم يك} أي كان {نطفة من منيّ يمنى} بالياء والتاء تصب في الرحم.
quran:75:38

Then he was a clinging clot, and ˹Allah˺ created ˹his form˺ and proportioned ˹him˺  

Then it, the drop of semen, became a clot; then He, God, created, from it man, and proportioned ˹him˺, making the parts of his body upright,
القرآن:٧٥:٣٨

ثُمَّ كَانَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقَ فَسَوَّىٰ  

{ثم كان} المني {علقة فخلق} الله منها الإنسان {فسوى} عدل أعضاءه.
quran:75:39

And made of him two mates, the male and the female.  

and made of it, of the drop of semen that became a blood-clot, then an embryo, a ˹small˺ mass of flesh, the two sexes, the two kinds, the male and the female, at times coming together and at times each being on their own.
القرآن:٧٥:٣٩

فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَىٰ  

{فجعل منه} من المني الذي صار علقة قطعة دم ثم مضغة أي قطعة لحم {الزوجين} النوعين {الذكر والأنثى} يجتمعان تارة وينفرد كل منهما عن الآخر تارة.
quran:75:40

Is not that ˹Creator˺ Able to give life to the dead?  

Is not such, a Doer of ˹all˺ these things, able to revive the dead? — the Prophet (s) would say, ‘Yes, indeed!’ Meccan or Medinese, consisting of 31 verses.
القرآن:٧٥:٤٠

أَلَيْسَ ذَٰلِكَ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَىٰ أَنْ يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَىٰ  

{أَليس ذلك} الفعَّال لهذه الأشياء {بقادر على أن يحيي الموتى} قال ﷺ : بلى.