75. Sūrat al-Qiyāmah

٧٥۔ سُورَةُ القِيامَة

75.1 Be aware of the Day of Resurrection and Judgment, from which there is no escape.

٧٥۔١ مقطع في سُورَةُ القِيامَة

quran:75:1In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

I swear by the Day of Resurrection  

Nay! (the lā is extra in both instances) I swear by the Day of Resurrection.
القرآن:٧٥:١بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

لَا أُقْسِمُ بِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ  

{لا} زائدة في الموضعين {أقسم بيوم القيامة}.
quran:75:2

And I swear by the reproaching soul ˹to the certainty of resurrection˺.  

And, nay, I swear by the (self-)reproaching soul, the one that reproaches itself, even if it should expend great effort in being virtuous (the response to the oath has been omitted, that is to say, la-tub‘athunna, ‘you shall indeed be resurrected!’, as indicated by ˹what follows˺):
القرآن:٧٥:٢

وَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِالنَّفْسِ اللَّوَّامَةِ  

{ولا أقسم بالنفس اللوامة} التي تلوم نفسها وإن اجتهدت في الإحسان وجواب القسم محذوف، أي لتبعثن، دل عليه:
quran:75:3

Does man think that We will not assemble his bones?  

Does man, that is, ˹does˺ the disbeliever, suppose that We shall not assemble his bones?, for the raising ˹from the graves˺ and ˹for˺ the bringing back to life.
القرآن:٧٥:٣

أَيَحْسَبُ الْإِنْسَانُ أَلَّنْ نَجْمَعَ عِظَامَهُ  

{أيحسب الإنسان} أي الكافر {ألن نجمع عظامه} للبعث والإحياء.
quran:75:4

Yes. ˹We are˺ Able ˹even˺ to proportion his fingertips.  

Yes, indeed!, We shall assemble them. We are able, in addition to assembling them, to reshape ˹even˺ his fingers, that is to say, to restore their bones just as they had been, despite their smallness: so how much more so ˹are We able to restore˺ the larger ones!
القرآن:٧٥:٤

بَلَىٰ قَادِرِينَ عَلَىٰ أَنْ نُسَوِّيَ بَنَانَهُ  

{بلى} نجمعها {قادرين} مع جمعها {على أن نسوِّي بنانه} وهو الأصابع، أي نعيد عظامها كما كانت مع صغرها فكيف بالكبيرة.
quran:75:5

But man desires to continue in sin.  

Nay, but man desires to deny (li-yafjura: the lām is extra, and the subjunctive mood is because of an implied ˹preceding˺ an, ‘that’) what lies ahead of him, namely, the Day of Resurrection, as is indicated by:
القرآن:٧٥:٥

بَلْ يُرِيدُ الْإِنْسَانُ لِيَفْجُرَ أَمَامَهُ  

{بل يريد الإنسان ليفجر} اللام زائدة ونصبه بأن مقدرة، أي أن يكذب {أمامه} أي يوم القيامة، دل عليه.
quran:75:6

He asks, "When is the Day of Resurrection?"  

He asks, ‘When is the Day of Resurrection?’ — the question is meant in mockery and denial.
القرآن:٧٥:٦

يَسْأَلُ أَيَّانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ  

{يَسأَل أَيان} متى {يوم القيامة} سؤال استهزاء وتكذيب.
quran:75:7

So when vision is dazzled  

But when the eyes are dazzled (read bariqa or baraqa), startled and perplexed upon seeing some of those things which it used to deny;
القرآن:٧٥:٧

فَإِذَا بَرِقَ الْبَصَرُ  

{فإذا برق البصر} بكسر الراء وفتحها دهش وتحير لما رأى مما كان يكذبه.
quran:75:8

And the moon darkens  

and the moon is eclipsed, darkening, its light disappearing,
القرآن:٧٥:٨

وَخَسَفَ الْقَمَرُ  

{وخسف القمر} أظلم وذهب ضوءه.
quran:75:9

And the sun and the moon are joined,  

and the sun and the moon are brought together, so that both of them will rise from the west; or ˹it means when˺ the light of both of them disappears — and this will be on the Day of Resurrection —
القرآن:٧٥:٩

وَجُمِعَ الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ  

{وجمع الشمس والقمر} فطلعا من المغرب أو ذهب ضوءهما وذلك في يوم القيامة.
quran:75:10

Man will say on that Day, "Where is the ˹place of˺ escape?"  

on that day man will say, ‘Where is the escape?’
القرآن:٧٥:١٠

يَقُولُالْإِنْسَانُ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَيْنَ الْمَفَرُّ  

{يقول الإنسان يومئذ أين المفر} الفرار.
quran:75:11

No! There is no refuge.  

No indeed! — a deterrent against seeking to escape — There is no refuge, no shelter to seek protection in.
القرآن:٧٥:١١

كَلَّا لَا وَزَرَ  

{كلا} ردع عن طلب الفرار {لا وزر} لا ملجأ يتحصن به.
quran:75:12

To your Lord, that Day, is the ˹place of˺ permanence.  

On that day the recourse will be to your Lord, the ˹final˺ recourse of all creatures, whereupon they will be reckoned with and requited.
القرآن:٧٥:١٢

إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ الْمُسْتَقَرُّ  

{إلى ربك يومئذ المستقر} مستقر الخلائق فيحاسبون ويجازون.
quran:75:13

Man will be informed that Day of what he sent ahead and kept back.  

On that day man will be informed of what he has sent ahead and left behind, ˹he will be informed˺ of the his first and last deeds.
القرآن:٧٥:١٣

يُنَبَّأُ الْإِنْسَانُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِمَا قَدَّمَ وَأَخَّرَ  

{ينبأ الإنسان يومئذ بما قدم وأخر} بأول عمله وآخره.
quran:75:14

Rather, man, against himself, will be a witness,  

Rather man has insight into his ˹own˺ soul, for his limbs will speak of his deeds (the hā’ ˹sc. the tā’ marbūta in basīratun˺ is for hyperbole), and so he must be requited,
القرآن:٧٥:١٤

بَلِ الْإِنْسَانُ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ  

{بل الإنسان على نفسه بصيرة} شاهد تنطق جوارحه بعمله والهاء للمبالغة فلا بد من جزائه.
quran:75:15

Even if he presents his excuses.  

though he should offer his excuses (ma‘ādhīr is the plural of ma‘dhira, but following a different pattern ˹from the usual ma‘dhira, ma‘ādhir˺) that is to say, whatever excuse he offers will not be accepted from him.
القرآن:٧٥:١٥

وَلَوْ أَلْقَىٰ مَعَاذِيرَهُ  

{ولو ألقى معاذيره} جمع معذرة على غير قياس، أي لو جاء بكل معذرة ما قُبلت منه.