74. Sūrat al-Muddaththir

٧٤۔ سُورَةُ المُدَّثــِّر

74.3 Actions which lead to hellfire are: Not offering prayers, not feeding the poor, wasting time in vain talk and denying the Day of Judgment.

٧٤۔٣ مقطع في سُورَةُ المُدَّثــِّر

quran:74:32

No! By the moon  

Nay, (kallā: denoting a commencement ˹of a new sentence˺, to be understood as alā) by the moon!
القرآن:٧٤:٣٢

كَلَّا وَالْقَمَرِ  

{كلا} استفتاح بمعنى ألا {والقمر}.
quran:74:33

And ˹by˺ the night when it departs  

And by the night when it returns! (if read as idhā dabara), when it comes back after day (a variant reading has idh adbara, meaning ‘when it has receded’).
القرآن:٧٤:٣٣

وَاللَّيْلِ إِذْ أَدْبَرَ  

{والليل إذا} بفتح الذال {دبر} جاء بعد النهار وفي قراءة إذ دبر بسكون الذال بعدها همزة، أي مضى.
quran:74:34

And ˹by˺ the morning when it brightens,  

And by the dawn when it appears!
القرآن:٧٤:٣٤

وَالصُّبْحِ إِذَا أَسْفَرَ  

{والصبح إذا أسفر} ظهر.
quran:74:35

Indeed, the Fire is of the greatest ˹afflictions˺  

Verily it, that is, Saqar, is one of the enormities, ˹one of˺ the greatest calamities —
القرآن:٧٤:٣٥

إِنَّهَا لَإِحْدَى الْكُبَرِ  

{إنها} أي سقر {لإحدى الكبر} البلايا العظام.
quran:74:36

As a warning to humanity -  

a warning (nadhīran is a circumstantial qualifier referring to ihdā, ‘one of’, and it is masculine because it denotes ˹masculine˺ ‘adhāb, ‘chastisement’) to ˹all˺ humans;
القرآن:٧٤:٣٦

نَذِيرًا لِلْبَشَرِ  

{نذيرا} حال من إحدى وذكر لأنها بمعنى العذاب {للبشر}.
quran:74:37

To whoever wills among you to proceed or stay behind.  

˹alike˺ to those of you who wish (li-man shā’a minkum is a substitution for li’l-bashar, ‘to ˹all˺ humans’) to advance, towards good, or towards Paradise by means of faith, or linger behind, in evil, or in Hell because of ˹their˺ disbelief.
القرآن:٧٤:٣٧

لِمَنْ شَاءَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ أَوْ يَتَأَخَّرَ  

{لمن شاء منكم} بدل من البشر {أن يتقدم} إلى الخير أو الجنة بالإيمان {أو يتأخر} إلى الشر أو النار بالكفر.
quran:74:38

Every soul, for what it has earned, will be retained  

Every soul is held to ransom by what it earns, ˹it is˺ ransomed and requited for its deeds with the Fire,
القرآن:٧٤:٣٨

كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ  

{كل نفس بما كسبت رهينة} مرهونة مأخوذة بعملها في النار.
quran:74:39

Except the companions of the right,  

except those of the right ˹hand˺, namely, the believers who will be saved from it, and ˹who˺ will be,
القرآن:٧٤:٣٩

إِلَّا أَصْحَابَ الْيَمِينِ  

{إلا أصحاب اليمين} وهم المؤمنون فناجون منها كائنون.
quran:74:40

˹Who will be˺ in gardens, questioning each other  

in gardens, questioning one another,
القرآن:٧٤:٤٠

فِي جَنَّاتٍ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ  

{في جنات يتساءلون} بينهم.
quran:74:41

About the criminals,  

about the guilty, and their predicament; and they will say to them, after all those who believed in the One God (muwahhidūn) are brought out of the Fire:
القرآن:٧٤:٤١

عَنِ الْمُجْرِمِينَ  

{عن المجرمين} وحالهم ويقولون لهم بعد إخراج الموحدين من النار.
quran:74:42

˹And asking them˺, "What put you into Saqar?"  

‘What has landed you in, ˹what has˺ made you enter, Saqar?’
القرآن:٧٤:٤٢

مَا سَلَكَكُمْ فِي سَقَرَ  

{ما سلككم} أدخلكم {في سقر}.
quran:74:43

They will say, "We were not of those who prayed,  

They will say, ‘We were not of those who prayed.
القرآن:٧٤:٤٣

قَالُوا لَمْ نَكُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّينَ  

{قالوا لم نك من المصلين}.
quran:74:44

Nor did we used to feed the poor.  

Nor did we ˹ever˺ feed the needy.
القرآن:٧٤:٤٤

وَلَمْ نَكُ نُطْعِمُ الْمِسْكِينَ  

{ولم نك نطعم المسكين}.
quran:74:45

And we used to enter into vain discourse with those who engaged ˹in it˺,  

And we used to delve, into falsehood, along with those who delved,
القرآن:٧٤:٤٥

وَكُنَّا نَخُوضُ مَعَ الْخَائِضِينَ  

{وكنا نخوض} في الباطل {مع الخائضين}.
quran:74:46

And we used to deny the Day of Recompense  

and we used to deny the Day of Judgement, ˹the Day˺ of Resurrection and Requital,
القرآن:٧٤:٤٦

وَكُنَّا نُكَذِّبُ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ  

{وكنا نكذب بيوم الدين} البعث والجزاء.
quran:74:47

Until there came to us the certainty."  

until ˹finally˺ the inevitable came to us’ — death.
القرآن:٧٤:٤٧

حَتَّىٰ أَتَانَا الْيَقِينُ  

{حتى أتانا اليقين} الموت.
quran:74:48

So there will not benefit them the intercession of ˹any˺ intercessors.  

Thus the intercession of the intercessors, from among the angels, the prophets and the righteous, will not avail them, in other words, there will be no intercession for them.
القرآن:٧٤:٤٨

فَمَا تَنْفَعُهُمْ شَفَاعَةُ الشَّافِعِينَ  

{فما تنفعهم شفاعة الشافعين} من الملائكة والأنبياء والصالحين والمعنى لا شفاعة لهم.
quran:74:49

Then what is ˹the matter˺ with them that they are, from the reminder, turning away  

So what (fa-mā: the subject) is wrong with them (lahum: the predicate thereof, semantically connected to an omitted clause, the person of which has been transposed onto it) that they turn away (mu‘ridīna is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the ˹suffixed˺ pronoun ˹in lahum, ‘them’˺) from the Reminder — in other words, ‘what has happened to them that they have turned away from admonition’ —
القرآن:٧٤:٤٩

فَمَا لَهُمْ عَنِ التَّذْكِرَةِ مُعْرِضِينَ  

{فما} مبتدأ {لهم} خبره متعلق بمحذوف انتقل ضميره إليه {عن التذكرة معرضين} حال من الضمير والمعنى أي شيء حصل لهم في إعراضهم عن الاتعاظ.
quran:74:50

As if they were alarmed donkeys  

as if they were wild asses
القرآن:٧٤:٥٠

كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُسْتَنْفِرَةٌ  

{كأنهم حمر مستنفرة} وحشية.
quran:74:51

Fleeing from a lion?  

fleeing from a lion?, that is to say, fleeing from it with absolute fright.
القرآن:٧٤:٥١

فَرَّتْ مِنْ قَسْوَرَةٍ  

{فرت من قسورة} أسد أي هربت منه أشد الهرب.
quran:74:52

Rather, every person among them desires that he would be given scriptures spread about.  

Nay, but everyone of them desires to be given unrolled scrolls, from God, exalted be He, ˹enjoining them˺ to follow the Prophet (s), as they said ˹before˺, ‘And ˹even then˺ we will not believe your ascension until you bring down for us a book that we may read’ ˹Q. 17:93˺.
القرآن:٧٤:٥٢

بَلْ يُرِيدُ كُلُّ امْرِئٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يُؤْتَىٰ صُحُفًا مُنَشَّرَةً  

{بل يريد كل امرىء منهم أن يؤتى صحفا منشرة} أي من الله تعالى باتباع النبي كما قالوا: لن نؤمن لك حتى تنزل علينا كتابا نقرؤه.
quran:74:53

No! But they do not fear the Hereafter.  

No indeed! (kallā: a deterrent of what they desire). Rather they do not fear the Hereafter, that is, the chastisement thereof.
القرآن:٧٤:٥٣

كَلَّا ۖ بَلْ لَا يَخَافُونَ الْآخِرَةَ  

{كلا} ردع عما أرادوه {بل لا يخافون الآخرة} أي عذابها.
quran:74:54

No! Indeed, the Qur'an is a reminder  

No indeed! (kallā: a commencement ˹of a new sentence˺) Assuredly it, that is, the Qur’ān, is a Reminder, an admonition.
القرآن:٧٤:٥٤

كَلَّا إِنَّهُ تَذْكِرَةٌ  

{كلا} استفتاح {إنه} أي القرآن {تذكرة} عظة.
quran:74:55

Then whoever wills will remember it.  

So whoever wills shall remember it, he shall read it and be admonished by it.
القرآن:٧٤:٥٥

فَمَنْ شَاءَ ذَكَرَهُ  

{فمن شاء ذكره} قرأه فاتعظ به.
quran:74:56

And they will not remember except that Allah wills. He is worthy of fear and adequate for ˹granting˺ forgiveness.  

And they will not remember (yadhkurūna or ˹read second person plural˺ tadhkurūna) unless God wills ˹it˺. He is ˹the One˺ worthy of ˹your˺ fear, and ˹the One˺ worthy to forgive, by forgiving those who fear Him. Meccan, consisting of 40 verses.
القرآن:٧٤:٥٦

وَمَا يَذْكُرُونَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ ۚ هُوَ أَهْلُ التَّقْوَىٰ وَأَهْلُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ  

{وما يذكرون} بالياء والتاء {إلا أن يشاء الله هو أهل التقوى} بأن يتقى {وأهل المغفرة} بأن يغفر لمن اتقاه.