13. Sūrat al-Raʿd

١٣۔ سُورَةُ الرَّعْد

13.3 God never changes the condition of a people unless they strive to change themselves. Pray to God Alone.

١٣۔٣ مقطع في سُورَةُ الرَّعْد

quran:13:8

Allah knows what every female carries and what the wombs lose ˹prematurely˺ or exceed. And everything with Him is by due measure.  

God knows what every female bears, of male or female, one or more, and otherwise, and what the wombs reduce, of the time of gestation, and what they increase, of it. And everything with Him is according to a ˹precise˺ measure, a ˹precise˺ amount and limit which it does not exceed;
القرآن:١٣:٨

اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تَحْمِلُ كُلُّ أُنْثَىٰ وَمَا تَغِيضُ الْأَرْحَامُ وَمَا تَزْدَادُ ۖ وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ عِنْدَهُ بِمِقْدَارٍ  

{الله يعلم ما تحمل كل أنثى} من ذكر وأنثى وواحد ومتعدد وغير ذلك {وما تغيض} تنقص {الأرحام} من مدة الحمل {وما تزداد} منه {وكل شيء عنده بمقدار} بقدر وحدٍّ لا يتجاوزه.
quran:13:9

˹He is˺ Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, the Grand, the Exalted.  

˹He is˺ the Knower of the unseen and the visible, ˹of˺ what is hidden and what is witnessed; the Great, the Tremendous, the High Exalted, above His creation, through His ˹overpowering˺ subjugation (read al-muta‘ālī or al-muta‘āl, ‘the High Exalted’).
القرآن:١٣:٩

عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ الْكَبِيرُ الْمُتَعَالِ  

{عالم الغيب والشهادة} ما غاب وما شوهد {الكبير} العظيم {المتعالي} على خلقه بالقهر، بياء ودونها.
quran:13:10

It is the same ˹to Him˺ concerning you whether one conceals ˹his˺ speech or one publicizes it and whether one is hidden by night or conspicuous ˹among others˺ by day.  

˹They are all˺ the same, according to His knowledge, exalted be He, those of you who speak secretly and those who do so openly, and those who lurk, ˹who˺ hide themselves, in the night, in its darkness, and those who go forth, ˹those who˺ are manifest ˹to view˺ when they make their way, by day.
القرآن:١٣:١٠

سَوَاءٌ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ أَسَرَّ الْقَوْلَ وَمَنْ جَهَرَ بِهِ وَمَنْ هُوَ مُسْتَخْفٍ بِاللَّيْلِ وَسَارِبٌ بِالنَّهَارِ  

{سواء منكم} في علمه تعالى {من أسر القول ومن جهر به ومن هو مُستخف} مستتر {بالليل} بظلامه {وسارب} ظاهر بذهابه في سربه، أي طريقه {بالنهار}.
quran:13:11

For each one are successive ˹angels˺ before and behind him who protect him by the decree of Allah. Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves. And when Allah intends for a people ill, there is no repelling it. And there is not for them besides Him any patron.  

For him, for man, are attendants, angels who follow him, to his front and to his rear, guarding him through God’s command, that is, by His command, from ˹the danger of˺ the jinn and others. Indeed God does not alter the state of a people — He does not deprive them of His grace — unless they have altered the state of their souls, from ˹their˺ comely nature, through an act of disobedience. And if God wills misfortune, chastisement, for a people there is none that can repel it, either from among the attendant angels or others; and they, for whom God wills misfortune, have no protector (min wālin: min is extra) to avert it from them, apart from Him, that is, other than God.
القرآن:١٣:١١

لَهُ مُعَقِّبَاتٌ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُغَيِّرُ مَا بِقَوْمٍ حَتَّىٰ يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ ۗ وَإِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ سُوءًا فَلَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ ۚ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ وَالٍ  

{له} للإنسان {معقبات} ملائكة تتعقبه {من بين يديه} قدامه {ومن خلفه} ورائه {يحفظونه من أمر الله} أي بأمره من الجن وغيرهم {إن الله لا يغيِّر ما بقوم} لا يسلبهم نعمته {حتى يغيِّروا ما بأنفسهم} من الحالة الجميلة بالمعصية {وإذا أراد الله بقوم سوءا} عذابا {فلا مرد له} من المعقبات ولا غيرها {وما لهم} لمن أراد الله بهم سوءا {من دونه} أي غير الله {من} زائدة {وال} يمنعه عنهم.
quran:13:12

It is He who shows you lightening, ˹causing˺ fear and aspiration, and generates the heavy clouds.  

He it is Who shows you the lightning, ˹inspiring˺ fear, in travellers, of thunderbolts, and hope, for those who are at home, of rain; and He produces, He creates, the clouds that are heavy, with rain.
القرآن:١٣:١٢

هُوَ الَّذِي يُرِيكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا وَيُنْشِئُ السَّحَابَ الثِّقَالَ  

{هو الذي يريكم البرق خوفا} للمسافرين من الصواعق {وطمعا} للمقيم في المطر {وينشئ} يخلق {السحاب الثقال} بالمطر.
quran:13:13

And the thunder exalts ˹Allah˺ with praise of Him - and the angels ˹as well˺ from fear of Him - and He sends thunderbolts and strikes therewith whom He wills while they dispute about Allah; and He is severe in assault.  

And the thunder — this is an angel, who is in charge of the clouds, driving them, ˹while he˺ constantly, proclaims His praise, that is, he says, ‘Glory be to God through His praise’ (subhāna’Llāh wa-bi-hamdihi), and so too the angels, proclaim His praise, in awe of Him, that is, of God. He unleashes the thunderbolts — these are a fire which issues forth from the clouds — and smites with them whom He will, such that it burns ˹that person˺: this was revealed regarding a man to whom the Prophet (s) had sent someone to invite ˹to Islam˺ and who said, ‘Who is the Messenger of God? And what is God? Is He ˹made˺ of gold, or of silver, or of copper?’, whereupon a thunderbolt came down on him and blew off the top of his head; yet they, that is, the disbelievers, dispute, argue with the Prophet (s), about God, though He is great in might, in power, or in ˹the severity of His˺ retribution.
القرآن:١٣:١٣

وَيُسَبِّحُ الرَّعْدُ بِحَمْدِهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْ خِيفَتِهِ وَيُرْسِلُ الصَّوَاعِقَ فَيُصِيبُ بِهَا مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَهُمْ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي اللَّهِ وَهُوَ شَدِيدُ الْمِحَالِ  

{ويسبح الرعد} هو ملك موكل بالسحاب يسوقه متلبسا {بحمده} أي يقول سبحان الله وبحمده {و} يسبح {الملائكة من خيفته} أي الله {ويرسل الصواعق} وهي نار تخرج من السحاب {فيصيب بها من يشاء} فتحرقه نزل في رجل بعث إليه النبي ﷺ من يدعوه فقال من رسول الله وما الله أمن ذهب هو أم من فضة أم نحاس فنزلت به صاعقة فذهبت بقحف رأسه {وهم} أي الكفار {يجادلون} يخاصمون النبي ﷺ {في الله وهو شديد المحال} القوة أو الأخذ.
quran:13:14

To Him ˹alone˺ is the supplication of truth. And those they call upon besides Him do not respond to them with a thing, except as one who stretches his hands toward water ˹from afar, calling it˺ to reach his mouth, but it will not reach it ˹thus˺. And the supplication of the disbelievers is not but in error ˹i.e. futility˺.  

His, exalted be He, is the call of truth, that is, the words that constitute it ˹the truth˺, and these are: ‘there is no god but God’ (lā ilāha illā’Llāh); and those upon whom they call (read yad‘ūn or tad‘ūn, ‘you call’), ˹those whom˺ they worship, apart from Him, that is, other than Him — namely, the idols — do not answer them anything, of which they ask; save as, is the response to, one who stretches forth his hands towards water, at the edge of a well, calling to it, that it may reach his mouth, by its rising through the well to ˹reach˺ him, but it would never reach it, that is, ˹reach˺ his mouth, ever: likewise they ˹the idols˺ will not answer them; and the call of the disbelievers, their worship of idols — or their actual supplication — goes only astray, ˹it is only˺ in perdition.
القرآن:١٣:١٤

لَهُ دَعْوَةُ الْحَقِّ ۖ وَالَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ لَا يَسْتَجِيبُونَ لَهُمْ بِشَيْءٍ إِلَّا كَبَاسِطِ كَفَّيْهِ إِلَى الْمَاءِ لِيَبْلُغَ فَاهُ وَمَا هُوَ بِبَالِغِهِ ۚ وَمَا دُعَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ إِلَّا فِي ضَلَالٍ  

{له} تعالى {دعوة الحق} أي كلمته وهي لا إله إلا الله {والذين يدعون} بالياء والتاء يعبدون {من دونه} أي غيره وهم الأصنام {لا يستجيبون لهم بشيء} مما يطلبونه {إلا} استجابة {كباسط} أي كاستجابة باسط {كفيه إلى الماء} على شفير البئر يدعوه {ليبلغ فاه} بارتفاعه من البئر إليه {وما هو ببالغه} أي فاه أبدا فكذلك ما هم بمستجيبين لهم {وما دعاء الكافرين} عبادتهم الأصنام أو حقيقة الدعاء {إلا في ضلال} ضياع.
quran:13:15

And to Allah prostrates whoever is within the heavens and the earth, willingly or by compulsion, and their shadows ˹as well˺ in the mornings and the afternoons.  

And to God prostrate whoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly, such as believers, or unwillingly, such as hypocrites and those coerced by the sword, and their shadows also, prostrate, in the mornings and the evenings.
القرآن:١٣:١٥

وَلِلَّهِ يَسْجُدُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا وَظِلَالُهُمْ بِالْغُدُوِّ وَالْآصَالِ ۩  

{ولله يسجد من في السماوات والأرض طوعا} كالمؤمنين {وكرها} كالمنافقين ومن أكره بالسيف {و} يسجد {ظلالهم بالغدو} البكور {والآصال} العشايا.