25. The Office of the Judge

٢٥۔ كتاب الأقضية

25.10 Judgement between ahl adh-dhimmah

٢٥۔١٠ باب الْحُكْمِ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ

abudawud:3590Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Marwazī > ʿAlī b. Ḥusayn from his father > Yazīd al-Naḥwī > ʿIkrimah > Ibn ʿAbbās > Faʾin Jāʾūk Fāḥkum Baynahum or Aʿriḍ > Hum Fanusikhat > Fāḥkum

The Qur'anic verse: "If they do come to thee, either judge between them, or decline to interfere" was abrogated by the verse: "So judge between them by what Allah hath revealed."  

أبو داود:٣٥٩٠حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ

{ فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ } فَنُسِخَتْ قَالَ { فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ }  

abudawud:3591ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-Nufaylī > Muḥammad b. Salamah > Muḥammad b. Isḥāq > Dāwud b. al-Ḥuṣayn > ʿIkrimah > Ibn ʿAbbās

When this verse was revealed: "If they do come to thee, either judge between them, or decline to interfere....If thou judge, judge in equity between them." Banu an-Nadir used to pay half blood-money if they killed any-one from Banu Qurayzah. When Banu Qurayzah killed anyone from Banu an-Nadir, they would pay full blood-money. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made it equal between them.  

أبو داود:٣٥٩١حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ

لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ { فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ } { وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ } الآيَةَ قَالَ كَانَ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ إِذَا قَتَلُوا مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ أَدَّوْا نِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ وَإِذَا قَتَلَ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ أَدَّوْا إِلَيْهِمُ الدِّيَةَ كَامِلَةً فَسَوَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ