41. Sūrat Fuṣṣilat

٤١۔ سُورَةُ فُصِّلَتْ

Qurʾān > Chapter 41 > Section 3
القرآن > كتاب ٤١ > باب ٣

41.3 The story of the creation of the earth, mountains, seasons, skies and heavens.

٤١۔٣ مقطع في سُورَةُ فُصِّلَتْ

quran:41:9 –

Say, "Do you indeed disbelieve in He who created the earth in two days and attribute to Him equals? That is the Lord of the worlds."  

Say: ‘Do you ˹really˺ (read a-innakum, pronouncing both hamzas, or by not pronouncing the second one but inserting an alif between the two in both cases) disbelieve in Him Who created the earth in two days, Sunday and Monday, and ascribe to Him associates? That is the Lord, in other words, the Possesser, of ˹all˺ the Worlds (al-‘ālamīn, the plural of ‘ālam, which denotes everything apart from God. On account of the variety ˹of beings˺ that it subsumes, it has been expressed in the plural form ending with –īn, as a way of giving prevalence ˹in the address˺ to rational beings).
القرآن:٤١:٩ –

قُلْ أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَكْفُرُونَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَتَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ أَنْدَادًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{قل أئنكم} بتحقيق الهمزة الثانية وتسهيلها وإدخال ألف بينها بوجهيها وبين الأولى {لتكفرون بالذي خلق الأرض في يومين} الأحد والاثنين {وتجعلون له أنداداً} شركاء {ذلك رب} أي مالك {العالمين} جمع عالم، وهو ما سوى الله وجمع لاختلاف أنواعه بالياء والنون، تغليباً للعقلاء.
quran:41:10 –

And He placed on the earth firmly set mountains over its surface, and He blessed it and determined therein its ˹creatures'˺ sustenance in four days without distinction - for ˹the information˺ of those who ask.  

And He set (wa-ja‘ala, the beginning of a new ˹independent˺ sentence and cannot be a supplement to ˹the preceding˺ relative clause containing alladhī, ‘Who’, because of the intervening clause that is ˹syntactically˺ unrelated) therein firm mountains ˹rising˺ above it, and blessed it, with an abundance of water, crops and stock, and ordained, divided, therein its ˹various means of˺ sustenance, for human beings and beasts, in four, complete, days — in other words, the ‘setting therein ˹of mountains˺’ together with what has been mentioned in addition ˹all˺ took place on Tuesday and Wednesday — evenly (sawā’an, in the accusative because it is a verbal noun) in other words, the four days were exactly four, neither less nor more, for ˹all˺ enquirers, about the creation of the earth and all that is in it.
القرآن:٤١:١٠ –

وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ مِنْ فَوْقِهَا وَبَارَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَا أَقْوَاتَهَا فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ سَوَاءً لِلسَّائِلِينَ  

{وجعل} مستأنف ولا يجوز عطفه على صلة الذي للفاصل الأجنبي {فيها رواسي} جبالاً ثوابت {من فوقها وبارك فيها} بكثرة المياه والزروع والضروع {وقدَّر} قسَّم {فيها أقواتها} للناس والبهائم {في} تمام {أربعة أيام} أي الجعل وما ذكر معه في يوم الثلاثاء والأربعاء {سواءً} منصوب على المصدر، أي استوت الأربعة استواءً لا تزيد ولا تنقص {للسائلين} عن خلق الأرض بما فيها.
quran:41:11 –

Then He directed Himself to the heaven while it was smoke and said to it and to the earth, "Come ˹into being˺, willingly or by compulsion." They said, "We have come willingly."  

Then He turned to the heaven when it was smoke, ˹consisting of˺ rising vapours, and He said to it and to the earth, “Come both of you, to what I desire from you, willingly, or unwillingly!” (taw‘an aw karhan, their ˹syntactical˺ locus is that of a circumstantial qualifier, in other words, ‘˹Come˺ being obedient or coerced’). They said, “We come, together with all those inhabiting us, willingly!” (tā’i‘īna mainly indicates masculine rational beings; it may also be that they are referred to in this way because they are being addressed thus).
القرآن:٤١:١١ –

ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَهِيَ دُخَانٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلْأَرْضِ ائْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ  

{ثم استوى} قصد {إلى السماء وهي دخان} بخار مرتفع {فقال لها وللأرض ائتيا} إلى مرادي منكما {طوعاً أو كرهاً} في موضع الحال، أي طائعتين أو مكرهتين {قالتا أتينا} بمن فينا {طائعين} فيه تغليب المذكر العاقل أو نزلنا لخاطبها منزلته.
quran:41:12 –

And He completed them as seven heavens within two days and inspired in each heaven its command. And We adorned the nearest heaven with lamps and as protection. That is the determination of the Exalted in Might, the Knowing.  

Then He ordained them (the ˹suffixed˺ pronoun refers back to al-samā’, ‘the heaven’, because it ˹al-samā’˺ actually denotes that plural ˹sense˺ to which it will lead ˹in the following clause), in other words, He made them to be, seven heavens in two days — Thursday and Friday. He completed them in the last hour thereof, in which He created Adam — which is why He does not say sawā’an, ‘evenly’ here ˹as He did earlier˺; what is said here concords with those verse in which it is stated that the heavens and the earth were created in six days; and in each heaven He revealed its commandment’, that to which He commanded those in it ˹to follow˺, in the way of obedience and worship. And We adorned the lowest heaven with lamps, with stars, and ˹this was also˺ to guard them (hifzan is in the accusative because of its implicit verbal sense, in other words, ‘We guarded it against the devils lest they try to listen therein ˹to the angels˺ by stealth with meteors’). That is the ordaining of the Mighty, in His kingdom, the Knower, of His creatures.
القرآن:٤١:١٢ –

فَقَضَاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَأَوْحَىٰ فِي كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ أَمْرَهَا ۚ وَزَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ وَحِفْظًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ  

{فقضاهنَّ} الضمير يرجع إلى السماء لأنها في معنى الجمع الآيلة إليه، أي صيَّرها {سبع سماوات في يومين} الخميس والجمعة فرغ منها في آخر ساعة منه، وفيها خلق آدم ولذلك لم يقل هنا سواء، ووافق ما هنا آيات خلق السماوات والأرض في ستة أيام {وأوحى في كل سماءٍ أمرها} الذي أمر به من فيها من الطاعة والعبادة {وزينا السماء الدنيا بمصابيح} بنجوم {وحفظاً} منصوب بفعله المقدَّر، أي حفظناها من استراق الشياطين السمع بالشهب {ذلك تقدير العزيز} في ملكه {العليم} بخلقه.