27. Oaths
٢٧۔ كتاب الأيمان
He who gives up his share in a slave, and has enough money to pay the full price of the slave, then full emancipation devolves upon him; but if he has not the money, then he emancipated what he emancipated.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ الْعَدْلِ فَأَعْطَى شُرَكَاءَهُ حِصَصَهُمْ وَعَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدُ وَإِلاَّ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ
He who emancipates his share in the slave, it is his responsibility to secure full freedom for him provided he (the slave) has enough money to pay the (remaining) price, but it he has not so much money he would be emancipated to the extent that the first man emancipated.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ مِنْ مَمْلُوكٍ فَعَلَيْهِ عِتْقُهُ كُلُّهُ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ
He who gives up his share in a slave, and he has money enough to meet the full price, a fair price for him should be fixed; otherwise be has emancipated him to the extent that he has emancipated.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ قَدْرُ مَا يَبْلُغُ قِيمَتَهُ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ وَإِلاَّ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ
This hadith has been narrated through another chain of transmitters with a slight variation of words.
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِهِمْ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ إِلاَّ فِي حَدِيثِ أَيُّوبَ وَيَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ فَإِنَّهُمَا ذَكَرَا هَذَا الْحَرْفَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَقَالاَ لاَ نَدْرِي أَهُوَ شَىْءٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَوْ قَالَهُ نَافِعٌ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ وَلَيْسَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلاَّ فِي حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ
He who emancipates a slave (shared) by him and another one, his full price may be justly assessed from his wealth, neither less nor more, and he (the slave) would be emancipated if he (the partner) would be solvent enough (to forgo the amount of his share).
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ آخَرَ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ لاَ وَكْسَ وَلاَ شَطَطَ ثُمَّ عَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا
He who gives up his share in a slave, the remaining (share) will be paid out of his riches if his riches are enough to meet the price of the slave.
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ عَتَقَ مَا بَقِيَ فِي مَالِهِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ
In case the slave is owned by two persons, and one of them emancipates him, he will guarantee (his full freedom).
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي الْمَمْلُوكِ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَيُعْتِقُ أَحَدُهُمَا قَالَ يَضْمَنُ
" He who emancipates a portion in a slave, he should (secure full) freedom for him from his property."
مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شَقِيصًا مِنْ مَمْلُوكٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ مِنْ مَالِهِ
He who emancipates his portion in a slave, full emancipation may be secured for him out of his property (if he has money) if he has enough property to meet (the required expenses), but if he has not enough property, the slave should be put to extra labour (in order to earn money for buying his freedom), but he should not be overburdened.
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شَقِيصًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ فَخَلاَصُهُ فِي مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ اسْتُسْعِيَ الْعَبْدُ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ
" He will be required to work (in order to secure freedom) for that por- tion in which he has not been emancipated, without overburdening him."
عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ وَفِي حَدِيثِ عِيسَى ثُمَّ يُسْتَسْعَى فِي نَصِيبِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُعْتِقْ غَيْرَ مَشْقُوقٍ عَلَيْهِ
'Imran b. Husain reported that a person who had no other property emancipated six slaves of his at the time of his death. Messenger of Allah ﷺ called for them and divided them into three sections, cast lots amongst them, and set two free and kept four in slavery; and he (the Holy Prophet) spoke severely of him.
أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَمْلُوكِينَ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ فَدَعَا بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَزَّأَهُمْ أَثْلاَثًا ثُمَّ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً وَقَالَ لَهُ قَوْلاً شَدِيدًا
" A person from among the Ansar willed away the freedom of six slaves of his at the time of his death."
أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ أَوْصَى عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَأَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَمْلُوكِينَ
This hadith has been reported on the authority of Imran b. Husain through another chain of narrators.
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ وَحَمَّادٍ