68. Emancipation
٦٨۔ كِتَابُ الْعِتْقِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever frees a partner in slave ownership and has enough wealth to cover the price of the slave, then he should assess the value of the slave fairly and give his partners their shares. Then, he should free the slave. If not, then he has only partially freed the slave." He said, "Yes."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ وَكَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ وَأَعْطَى شُرَكَاءَهُ حِصَصَهُمْ وَعَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدُ وَإِلَّا فَقَدْ عَتَقَ مِنْهُ مَا عَتَقَ ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ
[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "If any slave is owned jointly by partners and one of them frees him, then he should give the share of his partners to him (the slave). For he will be established in the property of the one who frees him at the value of justice, then he should free him if he has enough wealth for that."
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ أَيُّمَا مَمْلُوكٍ كَانَ بَيْنَ شُرَكَاءَ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمْ نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُقَامُ فِي مَالِ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَيَعْتِقُ إِنْ بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مَالَهُ
[Machine] He said, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever sets free a partner he has in a slave and establishes a condition of compensation for it, then the compensation should be paid to his partners, and he sets free in the property of the one he has set free."
أَنَّهُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ أُقِيمَ عَلَى الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ فَيَدْفَعُ ثَمَنَهُ إِلَى شُرَكَائِهِ وَأَعْتَقَ فِي مَالِ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever frees a partner he has in a slave and establishes justice by giving his partners their shares, the slave is freed on his behalf."
رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ الْعَدْلِ فَأَعْطَى شُرَكَاءَهُ حِصَصَهُمْ وَعَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَبْدُ
النَّبِيِّ ﷺ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever frees a slave that he owns, and the slave has the value that reaches his redemption, it is mandatory to include it in the portion of his owner." Al-Bukhari narrated it, as did Ibn Abi Dhi'b, and Muslim reported it from another chain of narrators, also narrated by Ibn Abi Dhi'b.
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا مَمْلُوكًا وَعِنْدَ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَهُ ضَمِنَ نَصِيبَ صَاحِبِهِ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Whichever servant is between two people and frees one of them, his share will be established with the highest value or the value of a fair and just measurement that is not lessened or decreased. Then, a fine will be imposed on him for this portion."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ كَانَ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا فَإِنَّهُ يُقَوَّمُ عَلَيْهِ بِأَغْلَى الْقِيمَةِ أَوْ قِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ لَيْسَتْ بِوَكْسٍ وَلَا شَطَطٍ ثُمَّ يَغْرَمُ لِهَذَا حِصَّتَهُ كَذَا
He who emancipates a slave (shared) by him and another one, his full price may be justly assessed from his wealth, neither less nor more, and he (the slave) would be emancipated if he (the partner) would be solvent enough (to forgo the amount of his share). (Using translation from Muslim 1501g)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ آخَرَ قُوِّمَ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ لَا وَكْسَ وَلَا شَطَطَ وَعَتَقَ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ مُوسِرًا
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said: "Whoever frees a slave which he owns, then what remains from his wealth is freed as well, if he has enough wealth to cover the slave's value."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِي عَبْدٍ عَتَقَ مَا بَقِيَ فِي مَالِهِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ مَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنَ الْعَبْدِ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "When a man frees a slave who rightfully belongs to him, then the slave becomes free." This is the narration of Al-Tayalisi. In another narration by Yazid, it is mentioned that the Prophet ﷺ said, "If a man has a slave between two men, then one of them frees his share, he guarantees his freedom."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا أَعْتَقَ الرَّجُلُ شِقْصًا لَهُ مِنْ مَمْلُوكٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْمَمْلُوكِ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَيُعْتِقُ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ قَالَ يَضْمَنُ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever frees a share for himself from a slave, let him free from his wealth if he has any. If it is not mentioned in his chain of narrators, some of them reported it from Hisham from Nadir ibn Anas, and some of them mentioned it."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا لَهُ فِي مَمْلُوكٍ عَتَقَ مِنْ مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ بَعْضَ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَذَكَرَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ
[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever frees a slave owned by another, then his freedom is upon him from his wealth, if he has any wealth that does not have a partner with Allah."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ سَهْمًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَعِتْقُهُ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ لَيْسَ لِلَّهِ شَرِيكٌ
A man emancipated his share in a slave. The Prophet ﷺ allowed his (full) emancipation, and required him to pay the rest of his price. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3934)
أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ شِقْصًا مِنْ غُلَامٍ فَأَجَازَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عِتْقَهُ وَغَرَّمَهُ بَقِيَّةَ ثَمَنِهِ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said: Abu Ahmad narrated, Salih bin Abdullah Al-Hashimi narrated, Mahmoud bin Khalid narrated, Al-Walid bin Muslim narrated, Abu Muayad narrated, Sulaiman narrated from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, and from Ata, from Jabir bin Abdullah, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever frees a slave and has something to give, let him fulfill his promise. He is free and guarantees the share of his partners with a fair value for any harm caused by their participation. The slave has no obligation." Abu Ahmad said: His statement "The slave has no obligation" is not narrated by anyone except Abu Muayad, who is Hafs bin Ghailan, from Sulaiman bin Musa.
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ وَثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ ثنا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ ثنا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَ أَبُو مُعَيْدٍ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَ سُلَيْمَانُ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ عَبْدًا وَلَهُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ وَلَهُ وَفَاءٌ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ وَيَضْمَنُ نَصِيبَ شُرَكَائِهِ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ بِمَا أَسَاءَ مُشَارَكَتَهُمْ وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ شَيْءٌ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ قَوْلُهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ شَيْءٌ لَا يَرْوِيهِ غَيْرُ أَبِي مُعَيْدٍ وَهُوَ حَفْصُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى
[Machine] said that a servant was placed between two men, and one of them freed his share. Then the Prophet ﷺ kept him imprisoned until he sold him to someone else.
أَنَّ عَبْدًا كَانَ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَحَبَسَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حَتَّى بَاعَ فِيهِ غَنِيمَةً لَهُ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ
[Machine] There was a slave between two men, and one of them freed his share. He then rode with his partner to Umar and wrote that the highest value should be established.
كَانَ عَبْدٌ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ فَأَعْتَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَرَكِبَ شَرِيكُهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ ؓ فَكَتَبَ أَنْ يُقَوَّمَ أَغْلَى الْقِيمَةِ
[Machine] About Ibrahim and Al-Sha'abi in the matter of the slave, it is when there is a disagreement between the two men, one of them will emancipate his share. They said that he guarantees its price for his owner with the value of justice on the day he emancipates it.
عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ فِي الْعَبْدِ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَيُعْتِقُ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ قَالَا يَضْمَنُ ثَمَنَهُ لِصَاحِبِهِ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ يَوْمَ أَعْتَقَهُ