68. Emancipation

٦٨۔ كِتَابُ الْعِتْقِ

68.7 [Machine] Who said: "He frees with words and defends the value.

٦٨۔٧ بَابٌ: مَنْ قَالَ: يُعْتِقُ بِالْقَوْلِ وَيَدْفَعُ الْقِيمَةَ.

bayhaqi:21345[Chain 1] Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ > Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. Salmān al-Faqīh > al-Ḥasan b. Mukram > Yazīd b. Hārūn > Yaḥyá b. Saʿīd [Chain 2] Abū Aḥmad al-Ḥāfiẓ > ʿAbdullāh b. Sulaymān b. al-Ashʿath > ʿAmr b. ʿAlī

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Whoever frees a share of a slave is obligated to free the rest, and the emancipator should be helpful." Yahya said, "I don't know if he meant something he used to say before or if it was something related to this statement. If he doesn't have it, then what he did is permissible."  

البيهقي:٢١٣٤٥أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أنبأ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ح قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ نَافِعًا يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ كُلِّفَ مَا بَقِيَ فَأَعْتَقَهُ وَكَانَ نَافِعٌ يَقُولُ قَالَ يَحْيَى لَا أَدْرِي شَيْئًا كَانَ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ يَقُولُهُ أَمْ هُوَ شَيْءٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ؟ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ فَقَدْ جَازَ مَا صَنَعَ  

رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ
bayhaqi:21346Abū Naṣr b. Qatādah > Abū al-Faḍl b. Khimayrawayh > Aḥmad b. Najdah > Saʿīd b. Manṣūr > Hushaym > Yaḥyá b. Saʿīd > Ibn ʿUmar

[Machine] "That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Whichever man has a share in a slave and then emancipates his share, it is upon him to complete the emancipation according to the value of justice."  

البيهقي:٢١٣٤٦وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خِمَيْرَوَيْهِ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ثنا هُشَيْمٌ أنبأ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ نَصِيبٌ فِي عَبْدٍ فَأَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُكْمِلَ عِتْقَهُ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ  

bayhaqi:21347ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. ʿAbdān > Aḥmad b. ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār > ʿUthmān b. ʿUmar al-Ḍabbī > Musaddad > Jūwayriyah b. Asmāʾ > Nāfiʿ > Ibn ʿUmar

The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever manumits his share o a jointly possessed slave, it is imperative on him to manumit the slave completely if he has sufficient money to pay the rest of its price which is to be estimated justly. He should pay his partners their shares and release him (the freed one). (Using translation from Bukhārī 2503)   

البيهقي:٢١٣٤٧أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الضَّبِّيُّ ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ ثنا جُوَيْرِيَةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءَ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ مَا بَقِيَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ قَدْرُ ثَمَنِهِ يُقَامُ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَيُعْطَى شُرَكَاؤُهُ حِصَصَهُمْ وَيُخَلَّى سَبِيلُ الْمُعْتَقِ  

رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ
bayhaqi:21348Abū al-Qāsim ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. ʿUbaydullāh al-Ḥur Fī Baghdād > Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. ʿAbdullāh al-Shāfiʿī > Bishr b. Mūsá > Khallād b. Yaḥyá > Hishām b. Saʿd > Nāfiʿ > ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever frees a slave as an act of worship to other than Allah, it is incumbent upon him to free the remaining slaves. In other narrations that we have mentioned, there is evidence to support this statement, as well as evidence to support the first statement. It is as if they did not consider this, and they only considered the act of freeing slaves in general without the obligation of guaranteeing it if one is able to do so. And Allah knows best."  

البيهقي:٢١٣٤٨أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْحُرُّ فِي بَغْدَادَ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى ثنا خَلَّادُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ثنا هِشَامُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ مِنْ عَبْدٍ شِرْكًا فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ مَا بَقِيَ وَفِي سَائِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ الَّتِي قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى هَذَا الْقَوْلِ وَفِيهَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى الْقَوْلِ الْأَوَّلِ وَكَأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُرَاعُوا هَذَا وَإِنَّمَا رَاعَوْا حُصُولَ الْعِتْقِ فِي الْجُمْلَةِ دُونَ وُجُوبِ الضَّمَانِ إِذَا كَانَ مُوسِرًا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

bayhaqi:21349Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ And ʾAbū Bakr Aḥmad b. al-Ḥasan al-Qāḍī Waʾabū ʿAbd al-Raḥman al-Sulamī > Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb > Abū Umayyah > Abū al-Jumāhir > Ismāʿīl > Layth > Ṭāwus > Ibn ʿAbbās

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet, ﷺ , he said, "Whoever frees a slave that belongs to him, it is guaranteed that his own freedom will be established and then the slave shall be freed."  

البيهقي:٢١٣٤٩أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالُوا أنبأ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا أَبُو أُمَيَّةَ ثنا أَبُو الْجُمَاهِرِ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ عَنْ لَيْثٍ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ لَهُ فَقَدْ ضَمِنَ عِتْقَهُ يُقَوَّمُ الْعَبْدُ ثُمَّ يُعْتَقُ  

bayhaqi:21350Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ > Abū al-Walīd > al-Ḥasan b. Sufyān > Abū Bakr b. Abū Shaybah > Abū Muʿāwiyah > al-Aʿmash > Ibrāhīm > ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. Yazīd > Kān Baynī

[Machine] There was a young boy between me and Al-Aswad who had witnessed the Battle of Al-Qadisiyah and was injured in it. So they wanted to set him free, and I was young at that time. Al-Aswad mentioned this to Umar, so Umar said, "Set yourselves free, and Abdur Rahman will have his share until he desires something similar to what you desire, or he will take his portion. It is possible that he wants his share of the value." We have narrated this from Umar. This meaning has also been narrated in a similar hadith.  

البيهقي:٢١٣٥٠أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ثنا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ

كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ وَأُمِّنَّا غُلَامٌ قَدْ شَهِدَ الْقَادِسِيَّةَ وَأَبْلَى فِيهَا فَأَرَادُوا عِتْقَهُ وَكُنْتُ صَغِيرًا فَذَكَرَ الْأَسْوَدُ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ ؓ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَعْتِقُوا أَنْتُمْ وَيَكُونُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ عَلَى نَصِيبِهِ حَتَّى يَرْغَبَ فِي مِثْلِ مَا رَغِبْتُمْ فِيهِ أَوْ يَأْخُذَ نَصِيبَهُ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يُرِيدَ بِهِ نَصِيبَهُ مِنَ الْقِيمَةِ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى هَذَا وَرُوِيَ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى حَدِيثٌ مُرْسَلٌ  

bayhaqi:21351Abū Naṣr b. Qatādah > Abū al-Faḍl b. Khimayrawayh > Aḥmad b. Najdah > Saʿīd b. Manṣūr > Sufyān > ʿAmr b. Dīnār > Muḥammad b. ʿAmr b. Saʿīd

[Machine] The sons of Sa'id ibn al-Aas had a slave boy, so they all emancipated him except for one man. He went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to intercede for him with the man, so the man granted his share to the Prophet ﷺ and he emancipated him. The slave used to say, "I am the slave of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ", and this man was called Rāfi` ibn al-Bahiyy. This indicates that he was not emancipated explicitly, and it is possible that they were in financial difficulty. The hadith is disconnected, and we narrated it from Isma'il ibn Umayyah from 'Amr ibn Sa'id ibn al-Aas from his father from his grandfather. Another story that contradicts this narrative has been mentioned earlier, and the ruling has been mentioned in the previous part. And Allah knows best.  

البيهقي:٢١٣٥١أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خِمَيْرَوَيْهِ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ

أَنَّ بَنِي سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ كَانَ لَهُمْ غُلَامٌ فَأَعْتَقَهُ كُلُّهُمْ إِلَّا رَجُلًا وَاحِدًا فَذَهَبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَسْتَشْفِعُ بِهِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَوَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ نَصِيبَهُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَعْتَقَهُ فَكَانَ الْعَبْدُ يَقُولُ أَنَا مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَالرَّجُلُ يُقَالُ لَهُ رَافِعٌ أَبُو الْبَهِيِّ هَذَا يَدُلُّ إِنْ صَحَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُعْتَقْ بِاللَّفْظِ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مُعْسِرِينَ وَالْحَدِيثُ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ فِي هَذَا قِصَّةٌ أُخْرَى تُخَالِفُ هَذِهِ الصُّورَةَ وَالْحُكْمَ قَدْ مَضَى فِي الْجُزْءِ قَبْلَهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ