68. Emancipation
٦٨۔ كِتَابُ الْعِتْقِ
[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Whoever frees a share of a slave is obligated to free the rest, and the emancipator should be helpful." Yahya said, "I don't know if he meant something he used to say before or if it was something related to this statement. If he doesn't have it, then what he did is permissible."
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ كُلِّفَ مَا بَقِيَ فَأَعْتَقَهُ وَكَانَ نَافِعٌ يَقُولُ قَالَ يَحْيَى لَا أَدْرِي شَيْئًا كَانَ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ يَقُولُهُ أَمْ هُوَ شَيْءٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ؟ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ فَقَدْ جَازَ مَا صَنَعَ
[Machine] "That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Whichever man has a share in a slave and then emancipates his share, it is upon him to complete the emancipation according to the value of justice."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ نَصِيبٌ فِي عَبْدٍ فَأَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُكْمِلَ عِتْقَهُ بِقِيمَةِ عَدْلٍ
The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever manumits his share o a jointly possessed slave, it is imperative on him to manumit the slave completely if he has sufficient money to pay the rest of its price which is to be estimated justly. He should pay his partners their shares and release him (the freed one). (Using translation from Bukhārī 2503)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ مَا بَقِيَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَالِ قَدْرُ ثَمَنِهِ يُقَامُ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ فَيُعْطَى شُرَكَاؤُهُ حِصَصَهُمْ وَيُخَلَّى سَبِيلُ الْمُعْتَقِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever frees a slave as an act of worship to other than Allah, it is incumbent upon him to free the remaining slaves. In other narrations that we have mentioned, there is evidence to support this statement, as well as evidence to support the first statement. It is as if they did not consider this, and they only considered the act of freeing slaves in general without the obligation of guaranteeing it if one is able to do so. And Allah knows best."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ مِنْ عَبْدٍ شِرْكًا فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ مَا بَقِيَ وَفِي سَائِرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ الَّتِي قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى هَذَا الْقَوْلِ وَفِيهَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى الْقَوْلِ الْأَوَّلِ وَكَأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُرَاعُوا هَذَا وَإِنَّمَا رَاعَوْا حُصُولَ الْعِتْقِ فِي الْجُمْلَةِ دُونَ وُجُوبِ الضَّمَانِ إِذَا كَانَ مُوسِرًا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ
[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet, ﷺ , he said, "Whoever frees a slave that belongs to him, it is guaranteed that his own freedom will be established and then the slave shall be freed."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا فِي مَمْلُوكٍ لَهُ فَقَدْ ضَمِنَ عِتْقَهُ يُقَوَّمُ الْعَبْدُ ثُمَّ يُعْتَقُ
[Machine] There was a young boy between me and Al-Aswad who had witnessed the Battle of Al-Qadisiyah and was injured in it. So they wanted to set him free, and I was young at that time. Al-Aswad mentioned this to Umar, so Umar said, "Set yourselves free, and Abdur Rahman will have his share until he desires something similar to what you desire, or he will take his portion. It is possible that he wants his share of the value." We have narrated this from Umar. This meaning has also been narrated in a similar hadith.
كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ وَأُمِّنَّا غُلَامٌ قَدْ شَهِدَ الْقَادِسِيَّةَ وَأَبْلَى فِيهَا فَأَرَادُوا عِتْقَهُ وَكُنْتُ صَغِيرًا فَذَكَرَ الْأَسْوَدُ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ ؓ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَعْتِقُوا أَنْتُمْ وَيَكُونُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ عَلَى نَصِيبِهِ حَتَّى يَرْغَبَ فِي مِثْلِ مَا رَغِبْتُمْ فِيهِ أَوْ يَأْخُذَ نَصِيبَهُ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يُرِيدَ بِهِ نَصِيبَهُ مِنَ الْقِيمَةِ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى هَذَا وَرُوِيَ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى حَدِيثٌ مُرْسَلٌ
[Machine] The sons of Sa'id ibn al-Aas had a slave boy, so they all emancipated him except for one man. He went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to intercede for him with the man, so the man granted his share to the Prophet ﷺ and he emancipated him. The slave used to say, "I am the slave of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ", and this man was called Rāfi` ibn al-Bahiyy. This indicates that he was not emancipated explicitly, and it is possible that they were in financial difficulty. The hadith is disconnected, and we narrated it from Isma'il ibn Umayyah from 'Amr ibn Sa'id ibn al-Aas from his father from his grandfather. Another story that contradicts this narrative has been mentioned earlier, and the ruling has been mentioned in the previous part. And Allah knows best.
أَنَّ بَنِي سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ كَانَ لَهُمْ غُلَامٌ فَأَعْتَقَهُ كُلُّهُمْ إِلَّا رَجُلًا وَاحِدًا فَذَهَبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَسْتَشْفِعُ بِهِ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَوَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ نَصِيبَهُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَعْتَقَهُ فَكَانَ الْعَبْدُ يَقُولُ أَنَا مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَالرَّجُلُ يُقَالُ لَهُ رَافِعٌ أَبُو الْبَهِيِّ هَذَا يَدُلُّ إِنْ صَحَّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُعْتَقْ بِاللَّفْظِ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مُعْسِرِينَ وَالْحَدِيثُ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ فِي هَذَا قِصَّةٌ أُخْرَى تُخَالِفُ هَذِهِ الصُّورَةَ وَالْحُكْمَ قَدْ مَضَى فِي الْجُزْءِ قَبْلَهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ