[Machine] Umar bin Abdul Aziz gathered the descendants of Marwan when he was appointed as the caliph. He said, "The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , used to have a fadak property from which he would spend and provide for the poor of the Banu Hashim, and he would marry from it. But when Fatimah asked him to give it to her, he refused, and it remained that way during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , until it passed on to Abu Bakr. He acted in it as the Prophet, ﷺ , did during his lifetime until he passed it on to Umar. He acted in it similarly to how the previous two caliphs did until it was confiscated by Marwan. Then it came into the possession of Umar bin Abdul Aziz. He said, "I have seen a matter that the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , prevented Fatimah from, and it is not my right. And I bear witness to you that I have returned it to what it was during the time of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ ." The scholar said, "Marwan only confiscated the fadak property during the days of Uthman bin Affan, and it seems that he interpreted the saying of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , 'When Allah feeds a Prophet, it is for the one who comes after him.' He was self-sufficient with his own wealth, so he gave it to his close relatives and used it to maintain ties of kinship. This interpretation is held by many knowledgeable people. Others believe that it refers to the appointing of a successor and cutting off of inheritance. Then it is to be used in the interests of the Muslims as Abu Bakr and Umar did, and as Umar bin Abdul Aziz saw fit when he returned the matter of the fadak property to its original state. Those who argue for this interpretation cite the hadith of Az-Zuhri. As for Khaybar and Fadak, Umar ibn Al-Khattab retained both of them and said, 'They are the charity of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ . They belong to the rights that he has made permissible, and their affairs are to be handed over to the ruler. And they have remained in that state until now."  

جَمَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بَنِي مَرْوَانَ حِينَ اسْتُخْلِفَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَدَكٌ وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا وَيَعُودُ مِنْهَا عَلَى صَغِيرِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَيُزَوِّجُ فِيهِ أَيِّمَهُمْ وَإِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ ؓ سَأَلَتْهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا لَهَا فَأَبَى فَكَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ عَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي حَيَاتِهِ حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ عُمَرُ ؓ عَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا عَمِلَا حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ ثُمَّ أَقْطَعَهَا مَرْوَانَ ثُمَّ صَارَتْ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فَرَأَيْتُ أَمْرًا مَنَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَاطِمَةَ لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ وَأَنَا أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي قَدْ رَدَدْتُهَا عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ يَعْنِي عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ إِنَّمَا أُقْطِعَ مَرْوَانُ فَدَكًا فِي أَيَّامِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ؓ وَكَأَنَّهُ تَأَوَّلَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَطْعَمَ اللهُ نَبِيًّا طُعْمَةً فَهِيَ لِلَّذِي يَقُومُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَكَانَ مُسْتَغْنِيًا عَنْهَا بِمَالِهِ فَجَعَلَهَا لِأَقْرِبَائِهِ وَوَصَلَ بِهَا رَحِمَهُمْ وَكَذَلِكَ تَأْوِيلُهُ عِنْدَ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَذَهَبَ آخَرُونَ إِلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِذَلِكَ التَّوْلِيَةُ وَقَطْعُ جَرَيَانِ الْإِرْثِ فِيهِ ثُمَّ تُصْرَفُ فِي مَصَالِحِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَمَا كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ ؓ يَفْعَلَانِ وَكَمَا رَآهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ حِينَ رَدَّ الْأَمْرَ فِي فَدَكٍ إِلَى مَا كَانَ وَاحْتَجَّ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى هَذَا بِمَا رَوَيْنَا فِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكٌ فَأَمْسَكَهمَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَقَالَ هُمَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَتْ لِحُقُوقِهِ الَّتِي تَعْرُوهُ وَنَوَائِبِهِ وَأَمْرُهُمَا إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْأَمْرِ فَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْآنَ