90. Tricks
٩٠۔ كتاب الحيل
The Prophet ﷺ said, "A virgin should not be married till she is asked for her consent; and the matron should not be married till she is asked whether she agrees to marry or not." It was asked, "O Allah's Apostle! How will she (the virgin) express her consent?" He said, "By keeping silent." Some people said that if a virgin is not asked for her consent and she is not married, and then a man, by playing a trick presents two false witnesses that he has married her with her consent and the judge confirms his marriage as a true one, and the husband knows that the witnesses were false ones, then there is no harm for him to consummate his marriage with her and the marriage is regarded as valid.
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ تُنْكَحُ الْبِكْرُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْذَنَ وَلاَ الثَّيِّبُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْمَرَ فَقِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ إِذْنُهَا قَالَ إِذَا سَكَتَتْ وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ إِنْ لَمْ تُسْتَأْذَنِ الْبِكْرُ وَلَمْ تَزَوَّجْ فَاحْتَالَ رَجُلٌ فَأَقَامَ شَاهِدَىْ زُورٍ أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَهَا بِرِضَاهَا فَأَثْبَتَ الْقَاضِي نِكَاحَهَا وَالزَّوْجُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الشَّهَادَةَ بَاطِلَةٌ فَلاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَطَأَهَا وَهْوَ تَزْوِيجٌ صَحِيحٌ
A woman from the offspring of Jaʿfar was afraid lest her guardian marry her (to somebody) against her will. So she sent for two elderly men from the Ansar, ʿAbdurRahman and Mujammi', the two sons of Jariya, and they said to her, "Don't be afraid, for Khansa' bint Khidam was given by her father in marriage against her will, then the Prophet ﷺ cancelled that marriage." (See Hadith No. 78)
أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا وَلِيُّهَا وَهْىَ كَارِهَةٌ فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى شَيْخَيْنِ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَمُجَمِّعٍ ابْنَىْ جَارِيَةَ قَالاَ فَلاَ تَخْشَيْنَ فَإِنَّ خَنْسَاءَ بِنْتَ خِذَامٍ أَنْكَحَهَا أَبُوهَا وَهْىَ كَارِهَةٌ فَرَدَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ذَلِكَ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ وَأَمَّا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ إِنَّ خَنْسَاءَ
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "A lady slave should not be given in marriage until she is consulted, and a virgin should not be given in marriage until her permission is granted." The people said, "How will she express her permission?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "By keeping silent (when asked her consent)." Some people said, "If a man, by playing a trick, presents two false witnesses before the judge to testify that he has married a matron with her consent and the judge confirms his marriage, and the husband is sure that he has never married her (before), then such a marriage will be considered as a legal one and he may live with her as husband."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ تُنْكَحُ الأَيِّمُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْمَرَ وَلاَ تُنْكَحُ الْبِكْرُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْذَنَ قَالُوا كَيْفَ إِذْنُهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَسْكُتَ وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ إِنِ احْتَالَ إِنْسَانٌ بِشَاهِدَىْ زُورٍ عَلَى تَزْوِيجِ امْرَأَةٍ ثَيِّبٍ بِأَمْرِهَا فَأَثْبَتَ الْقَاضِي نِكَاحَهَا إِيَّاهُ وَالزَّوْجُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَتَزَوَّجْهَا قَطُّ فَإِنَّهُ يَسَعُهُ هَذَا النِّكَاحُ وَلاَ بَأْسَ بِالْمُقَامِ لَهُ مَعَهَا
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "It is essential to have the consent of a virgin (for the marriage). I said, "A virgin feels shy." The Prophet; said, "Her silence means her consent." Some people said, "If a man falls in love with an orphan slave girl or a virgin and she refuses (him) and then he makes a trick by bringing two false witnesses to testify that he has married her, and then she attains the age of puberty and agrees to marry him and the judge accepts the false witness and the husband knows that the witnesses were false ones, he may consummate his marriage."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْبِكْرُ تُسْتَأْذَنُ قُلْتُ إِنَّ الْبِكْرَ تَسْتَحْيِي قَالَ إِذْنُهَا صُمَاتُهَا وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ إِنْ هَوِيَ رَجُلٌ جَارِيَةً يَتِيمَةً أَوْ بِكْرًا فَأَبَتْ فَاحْتَالَ فَجَاءَ بِشَاهِدَىْ زُورٍ عَلَى أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَهَا فَأَدْرَكَتْ فَرَضِيَتِ الْيَتِيمَةُ فَقَبِلَ الْقَاضِي شَهَادَةَ الزُّورِ وَالزَّوْجُ يَعْلَمُ بِبُطْلاَنِ ذَلِكَ حَلَّ لَهُ الْوَطْءُ